Agronick, Gail; Morawski, Jill G. (1991). A Restive Legacy: The History of Feminist Work in Experimental and Cognitive Psychology. Psychology of Women Quarterly, v15 n4 p567-79 Dec. Explores strategies that feminist researchers in experimental and cognitive psychology have used to eliminate androcentrism and sexism. Studying the history of feminist work in these areas from 1890 to the 1990s makes the need for continuing focus on epistemological and theoretical problems apparent. (SLD)…

Kilson, Martin (1993). Anatomy of Black Conservatism. Transition, n59 p4-19. The emergence of conservative activists among African-American intellectuals in the past decade represents a new leadership stratum among African Americans. The movement is explored, and it is argued that the new African-American conservatism does not represent the sort of natural constituency that old forms of African-American conservatism represented. (SLD)…

Angel, Dan; Barrera, Adriana (1991). Minority Participation in Community Colleges: A Status Report. New Directions for Community Colleges, n74 p7-13 Sum. Draws from a literature review and surveys of state commissioners of higher education and community college presidents to profile minority student enrollments at community colleges by ethnicity and college size. Assesses the prevalence of programs to increase minority student participation. Notes changes in numbers of minority faculty and administrators. (DMM)… [Direct]

Siporin, Rae Lee (1999). University of California Protects Diversity with Expanded Outreach. On Target, n29 p12-15 Spr. In response to legislation eliminating race and gender as factors in admissions decisions, the University of California instituted a series of short- and long-range outreach strategies to recruit disadvantaged students, increase the number of underrepresented minorities in the eligibility pool, change the culture of secondary schools to promote achievement, and develop a research basis for future action. (MSE)…

(2001). Vital Signs. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n30 p83-89 Win 2000-2001. Presents statistical data on the progress of African Americans in higher education, discussing: the black-white higher education equality index; statistics measuring the state of racial inequality; blacks in the performing and fine arts; and state-by-state comparison of blacks as a percentage of all public and private college enrollments compared to the number of full-time college faculty. (SM)…

Thernstrom, Abigail (2000). Diversity Yes, Preferences No. Academe, v86 n5 p30-33 Sep-Oct. Research shows that though college students tend to support diversity, a large percentage are opposed to giving preferences to minorities in the admissions process. Some of the research on the subject is incomplete or misleading. Other studies show that though campuses worry about the stigmatization of students given preferential admission, diverse students interact well and enjoy learning from one another. (SM)…

Selingo, Jeffrey (1999). A Quiet End to the Use of Race in College Admissions in Florida. Chronicle of Higher Education, v46 n15 pA31-A32 Dec 3,. Reports on plans for new "race-blind" entrance criteria at the 10 public universities in Florida. Plans call for ending racial preferences in graduate education altogether and replacing undergraduate preferences with a guarantee of admission to a state university for the top 20 percent of Florida high school graduates. Critics and supporters are quoted concerning expected effects on minority enrollment. (DB)…

Malveaux, Julianne (2004). Know Your Enemy: The Assault on Diversity. Black Issues in Higher Education, v21 n15 p32 Sep. While policy-makers and educational administrators decry the underrepresentation of African American students in institutions of higher education, groups like the Center for Individual Rights (CIR) work to limit African American presence on campuses even more. While innovative programmers build programs that will attract African American students to their campuses, CIR attacks programs that are designed for minority students. This article discusses this issue and provides recommendataions for improvement….

Fruman, Norman (2002). The Best Defense. Academic Questions, v15 n3 p81-84 Jun. When the author left California for the University of Minnesota twenty-five years ago, he vowed never again to become involved in departmental or university politics. He'd had enough of that at California State, Los Angeles, and he was determined to devote his full attention, apart from teaching, to several scholarly projects that had simmered so long on the back burners that they were beginning to scorch the bottom of the pots. Just a few years after arriving in Minnesota, the malignant cells of French literary, philosophical, and political ideas that had been kept more or less quarantined at Yale, Johns Hopkins, and an Ivy League campus here and there, suddenly metastasized across the whole country. The standard curriculum of English and American literature was being trashed. One time, Peter Shaw invited the author to participate in a panel on Deconstruction at the forthcoming first convention of the National Association of Scholars in New York. That was in November of 1988. That… [Direct]

Bridglall, Beatrice L.; Gordon, Edmund W. (2006). The Affirmative Development of Academic Ability: In Pursuit of Social Justice. Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, v105 n2 p58-70 Oct. This chapter is adapted from the address that inaugurated the American Educational Research Association annual lecture series commemorating the anniversary of the 1954 Supreme Court decision in the case \Brown v. Board of Education.\ The authors begin this chapter by paying tribute to Kenneth Bancroft Clark, who led the distinguished group of pedagogical and social scientists who did the intellectual work that was foundational to the judicial, legislative, and public policy work of which the \Brown\ decision of 1954 is symbolic. In this chapter, three related ideas are advanced: (1) The reduction of racial isolation via desegregation is an insufficient condition for the achievement of equally high levels of educational attainment across the social divisions by which people are classified in one's society; (2) In a society where members have unequal access to education-relevant forms of capital, the deliberate or affirmative development of academic ability may be indicated; and (3)… [Direct]

Lee, Carol D. (2006). The Affirmative Development of Academic Ability: A Response to Edmund Gordon. Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, v105 n2 p71-89 Oct. This article presents the author's response to Edmund Gordon and Beatrice Bridglall's paper titled \The Affirmative Development of Academic Ability: In Pursuit of Social Justice.\ Placing her comments in a historical context, the author states that Gordon and Bridglall point out that the \Brown v. Board of Education\ case was the result of decades of preparation by esteemed scholars in the field of law, psychology, and education and the commitments of key institutions. To address the challenges of what Gordon and Bridglall call the \affirmative development of academic ability,\ \Brown v. Board of Education\ points to the need for institutional infrastructures working in coordination over time. In addition, understanding the limitations of \Brown,\ in part a reflection of limitations in what \Brown I\ and \Brown II\ called for, may also direct them to examine what it is that they advocate for from different perspectives. In response to Drs. Gordon and Bridglall's paper, the author… [Direct]

(1994). Civil Rights Compliance in Vocational Education. 1993-94 Annual Report. This document provides a status report of the Michigan Department of Education's Civil Rights Compliance Program in the area of vocational education. The report is based on compliance audits of a minimum of 20 percent of the state's total number of secondary and postsecondary vocational education providers. Compliance activities were conducted by staff of the Office of Career and Technical Education Unit, the Community College Services Unit–Office of Higher Education Management, and IDEA Consultants, Inc. The report is presented in eight categories that summarize activities in each area: (1) compliance organization and staff; (2) state policy review; (3) review of state-operated institutions and programs; (4) subrecipients receiving agency desk audits; (5) identification of subrecipients for on-site reviews; (6) technical assistance activities; (7) subrecipients referred to the Office for Civil Rights; and (8) monitoring activities. All entities that were audited either had… [PDF]

Davis, Cinda-Sue; And Others (1996). The Equity Education. Fostering the Advancement of Women in the Sciences, Mathematics, and Engineering. This volume includes 10 reports that present findings and recommendations for advancing women in science, mathematics and engineering. Critical issues facing women in these disciplines are addressed, including demographic myths and realities at various educational levels; the educational pipeline for girls and women; involvement in education and careers as they relate to diversity, along lines of race/ethnicity, class, sexual orientation, disability, and age; institutional norms, values and structures; barriers to success at the career stage; effectiveness of current intervention and curriculum strategies; and the relationship between public policies and institutional change. New findings about the barriers facing women at every level of education and employment are examined, from K-12 educational experiences to studies of women scientists' employment and success in industry. These findings suggest that the most significant barriers are institutional, not personal. The authors offer…

Chambers, Paul (1997). California Proposition 187: Pickets and Pedagogy. The passage of California's Proposition 187 has mandated political and cultural debate in composition curriculum thus exploding the de-politicized composition classroom myth. As this anti-immigration initiative of 1994 applied to education, it most directly affected K-12, but it also represented a huge financial impact to higher education. It made undocumented immigrants ineligible for public social services, public health care, and public education at every level. Little of the heated pre-election rhetoric came from the academic community. Although the teachers' union donated $350,000 to combat 187, education's stance was not unified. The State Board of Education, for example, refused to endorse opposition. Proposition 187 passed with a 59% "yes" vote. Scores of academic senates, student groups, and professional organizations reacted with angry statements. The question is not whether 187 is right or wrong, but why there was an absence of pre-election debate. Where was the… [PDF]

Boylan, Hunter R.; And Others (1988). [The Historical Roots of Developmental Education.]. Research in Developmental Education, v4 n4-5, v5 n3 1987,1988. The historical roots of developmental education are traced in a three-part article extending across three serial issues. \Educating All the Nation's People,\ by Hunter R. Boylan and William G. White, Jr., reviews the historical antecedents of developmental education, focusing on efforts in the 17th century to prepare English-speaking American students for college-level instruction in Latin, the expansion of opportunities for higher education in the 18th century and the concomitant growth of college preparatory programs, and the founding of colleges for women and blacks. \Historically Black Colleges and Universities: A Force in Developmental Education,\ by Helen Jones and Helen Richards-Smith, traces the rise of black colleges, the pioneering efforts of these colleges in academic skills development, instructional philosophy and techniques used in black colleges, and the important contributions still being made by historically black institutions. \The Historical Roots of Developmental… [PDF]

Kelly, Jan W. (1993). Women in Academe: Historical and Sociological Perspectives. This paper examines the unequal status of women in academic life from the ideological framework of the women's movement and issues a call to action to change this position. The paper discusses the following issues: (1) persons in the majority culture highlight the differences between them and the minority by exaggerating their culture; (2) the imbalance in numbers causes people to be preoccupied with how to behave toward each other; (3) most curricular materials effectively eliminate women or perpetuate sex role stereotyping; (4) universities that engage only one half of its population in its governance, conduct, and exchange of ideas lack a balanced viewpoint; (5) women academics are victims of sexual harassment, which also impacts on women's equality; and (7) the movement of women into equal ranks in the academy is a threat to its very existence as a patriarchy. The paper concludes that women must take it upon themselves to protest unequal treatment and sexism in their workplace,… [PDF]

Simmons, Howard L. (1984). Minority Involvement in the Accreditation Process. Perspectives concerning the lack of participation of many minority persons in colleges and universities in the accreditation process are offered, along with recommendations for accrediting agencies, colleges, and minorities. It is noted that the executive staffs of accrediting bodies have no blacks. Further, no staff of the national agencies has any minority representation, and only two of the six regional agencies have black executive staff. Practices of the Middle States region include the following: the usual method of identifying potential evaluators is through recommendations from chief executive officers or college chief academic officers; generally, few persons who have had no previous evaluation experience are appointed to an evaluation team; and some blacks and other minority groups turn down the opportunity to serve on teams. Suggestions for accrediting agencies include: involve more minorities from all types of higher education institutions in activities; and instruct…

Murphy, Lila C.; Vetter, Louise B. (1990). Federal Legislation To Eliminate Sex Discrimination in Vocational Education: "The Impossible Acts," 1976 and 1984. This project is a detailed history of two pieces of legislation that sought to eliminate sex discrimination in vocational education: the Vocational Education Amendments of 1976 and the Carl D. Perkins Act of 1984. The report explains why they happened and the results as seen by those most involved. It looks at the key individuals and groups that made a difference; what really happened during the legislative process; and how agencies, programs, and students were affected by the changes mandated under the new laws. The study collected qualitative information from those who created federal legislation, subsequent reports and studies on that legislation, and the National Assessment of Vocational Education. The study covers the 10-year period from 1977 to 1987. Information for the study was obtained by conducting personal interviews, making contacts, and reviewing legislation and national survey data. The following five chapters are included in this report: (1) the legislation–hearings…

Burke, Dolores L. (1987). Disposable Goods or Valued Resource: Appointment and Termination of Assistant Professors. ASHE 1987 Annual Meeting Paper. The question of whether assistant professors are valued resources at colleges was investigated and compared to findings of a 1957 study by Caplow and McGee. Based on actual personnel actions, interviews were conducted with 306 department heads, nonterminated faculty colleagues, and new appointees. The interviews were concerned with the appointment in the 1984-85 academic year of 96 assistant professors at three private and three public research universities and the termination of 87 assistant professors at the same institutions at the end of the 1983-84 academic year. As in the Caplow and McGee study, attention is directed to: the recruitment process, origination of the position, the search for candidates and interviewing, the representation of women and minorities among appointees, faculty dismissal, resignation, and the impact of departure. It was found that there was little proportional difference in the "share" of appointments given to assistant professors between 1957…

Bernstein, Alison (1985). Equity Issues for Women in Higher Education: Getting beyond the Numbers Game. Equity topics that need special attention from higher education researchers are discussed. It is argued that focusing on the increased numbers of women students, faculty, and administrators may disguise more complex issues. It is advocated that when researchers propose to study \women,\ they should identify which women are being examined. When undifferentiated statistics on women are used, minority women in general, and particular groups of minority women (e.g., southern black women), will be overlooked or misrepresented. While the history, roles, and contributions of middle class white women \notables\ are being covered in college courses, Black, Chicano, and Native American women are rarely encountered as subjects of study outside of sociology and social work courses. Questions remain about women's degree patterns and areas of specialization. Studies of the educational goals and experiences of women students at universities, the less selective community colleges, and minority…

Valiant, Sharon (1978). Women at Work. During the prehistoric era, most advances in society were developed by women. These advances included agriculture, building, weaving, basketry, pottery, woodworking, trading, and domesticating animals. Pottery and basketry allowed for the long-term storage of food and water and permitted humanity to stop living the nomadic life and begin the first settled communities. The first wheels, appearing in the New Stone Age, were developed in connection with weaving and pottery. Throughout the Old Testament, women are often seen as traders, farmers, and builders. Ancient Egypt has been described by many researchers as the society with the highest documented status ever attained by women. The names of many women appear throughout the annals of ancient alchemy. European women who settled North America brought their skills with them and established themselves in business at approximately the same moment they unpacked their bags. Women were the mainstay of the early mills during the Industrial…

Phillips, Roy G. (1987). Partners in Education: Black Student Opportunity Program. A description is provided of the Urban League's Education Initiative Project, a cooperative effort involving Miami-Dade Community College (MDCC) and feeder high schools in activities designed to raise the aspirations of black high school students, motivate them to enroll and succeed in college preparatory courses, facilitate the flow of students from high school to MDCC to a four-year university, and finance the college education of successful students. Section I provides an introduction to the project, as well as information on the problem of underachievement among black students in Miami, the goals of the project, the target student population, and the program design, implementation, and management. Sections II through IV focus on specific components of the project. Section II describes the Black Student Opportunity Mentor Program, which selected 75 mentors from a broad range of organizations and career groups to serve as positive reference group models. Section III highlights the… [PDF]

Webb, L. Dean; And Others (1986). Overcoming Sex Disequity in Educational Administration: Eliminating Persistent Barriers through the Development of an Instrument for Department Self-Assessment and a Model for Institutional Change. The persistent barriers to women's educational equity in educational administration may be eliminated through this project, which describes the development of an instrument for department self-assessment of sex equity and a model for institutional change. The procedures for developing, testing, and disseminating the instrument for self-assessment of sex equity are provided in detail. A set of standards, grouped by major area of activity, is presented that will ensure that women receive equitable experiences during their graduate studies. Strategies for change are described in the final chapter. Appended are 22 references; a bibliography; interview questions for use in cases of perceived bias or discrimination in departmental conditions, policies, and practices; and a list of University Council for Educational Administration member universities. (SI)… [PDF]

Gordon, Henry A.; And Others (1982). Unemployment and Underemployment among Blacks, Hispanics, and Women. United States Commission on Civil Rights Clearinghouse Publication 74. Blacks, Hispanics, and women are more likely to be unemployed or underemployed than white males, regardless of economic conditions. This conclusion was drawn from an analysis of data gathered from the March Current Population Survey for the years 1971 through 1980, the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, and state and local unemployment rates supplied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data were analyzed to determine whether factors other than discrimination could account for the disparities. These factors included economic expansions and contractions that might disproportionately affect some groups; regional and industrial variations in the economy; and individual factors, such as education, training, and age, that vary among groups. Disparities with employment rates of white males in the same areas or industries, however, remained fairly constant. Individual factors, such as education, training, and age, were found to play a part in the unemployment and underemployment rates,… [PDF]

Days, Drew S., III (1978). Remarks by Drew S. Days, III before the Black Achievers' Awards Dinner, Greater Boston YMCA, Boston, Mass. This speech focuses upon the roles of both the business community and the Federal Government in fighting discrimination against women and minorities. In the belief that racial neutrality may only serve to perpetuate inequalities, the private sector is asked to actively cooperate with government nondiscrimination policies. The participation of the business community in Boston's school desegregation plan is cited as an example of past cooperation. The current proliferation of lawsuits challenging government racial goals is mentioned. The Carter Administration's determination to end discrimination is emphasized, as is the Justice Department's commitment to carrying out administration policy. Examples are given of efforts to redress racial and sexual imbalances within the government. In addition, the enforcement of Title VI, whose mandate is to prevent and eliminate discrimination in federally assisted programs, is detailed. The cooperation of business and industry with government…

Adkison, Judith A. (1982). Advocates and Administrators: Perspectives on the Title IX Coordinator's Role. The role perceptions and activities of seven individuals responsible for coordination of the efforts of their respective districts to comply with the requirements of Title IX of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act are described in this research report. All seven districts involved in the study complied at least with the letter of the law. Six went beyond compliance on paper to compliance in fact, and four beyond formal compliance to positive action embodying the spirit of equality. Researchers found that conditions identified by previous studies as necessary to successful fulfillment of the role of Title IX coordinator were not in fact present in all cases where coordinators proved effective. In each instance it was the particular interrelationship of district and coordinator characteristics, rather than the specific characteristics themselves, that appeared vital to coordinator effectiveness. (Author/PGD)…

Faaborg, Linda W.; Hepner, Marilyn M. (1979). Women Administrators: Careers, Self-Perceptions, and Mentors. This report presents an analysis and interpretation of responses from women administrators in higher education concerning influences on their careers, professional mobility, and self-perceptions. Issues discussed include the inadequacy of information concerning women administrators, influences on career growth, differences between academic and nonacademic administrators, and the role of mentors. Ninety of the 200 women identified as holding administrative positions at the University of Cincinnati responded to a questionnaire that solicited demographic information, data about career mobility and influences, and open-ended responses about aspirations and expectations. (Author/MLF)…

Carter, Holly M.; And Others (1980). Using Existing Research Centers: A Model for Increasing the Participation of Minority Persons and Women in Research on Education. A model for increasing the participation of minority persons and women in research on education is described. The model involves an Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of Education (IISE), located at Northeastern University, under whose auspices minority persons and women are recruited for positions as Postdoctoral Faculty Fellows. The project is funded by the National Institute of Education. The fellows come from institutions where heavy emphasis is placed on teaching rather than research. A basic objective of IISE is that of providing significant research and publication experience for the Fellows in order to facilitate advancement and security in their careers. This is accomplished by utilizing a model composed of two basic elements: (1) the use of existing university research/training units; and (2) the involvement of faculty from several disciplines. Thus, the model draws upon, and expands, relationships already in existence between faculty and research centers, and…

Rose, David L. (1976). Qualifications and Equal Employment Opportunity Law. This paper examines the issue of employment discrimination and the position taken by the Government in an attempt to stop discrimination in employment. Presented is a survey of seven appellate cases. Each of them represents a case in which the issue of the adequacy of test validity studies is questioned. In six of the seven cases, the use of tests in hiring was held unlawful on the grounds that the validity study did not produce adequate evidence. The evidence set forth by the court cases supports the proposition that the greater the degree of adverse impact and the smaller the degree to which an employer in fact desegregated a previously segregated work force, the less likely it is that the selection procedure will withstand judicial scrutiny. The implications of these cases for industrial psychologists are briefly discussed. (YRJ)… [PDF]

Steiger, JoAnn M.; Szanton, Eleanor S. (1976). Job Training for Low Income Women: The Need for Change. This document presents the conclusions and recommendations of a study conducted to explain the inequalities faced by low-income women in job training, employment, and earnings. The study explored the dimensions of the problems such women face, possible solutions, and the extent to which a group of Health Education and Welfare (HEW) and HEW-related programs address or fail to address those solutions. This document is divided into two major sections. Section 1 presents the conclusions and recommendations and a summary of the report. A brief description of nine federal programs which have potential for helping low income women are also included in this section. Section 2 reports the study in more detail. It provides a discussion of the issues involved and information from the assessment of selected programs with potential for assisting low-income women to increase their earning power. Conclusions and recommendations are also included in section 2. The following information is appended:…