Daily Archives: 2025-04-09

Bibliography: Affirmative Action (Part 280 of 331)

Wong, Raymond E., Comp. (1990). A Self-Evaluation Guide to Title IX: Applicable Excerpts from Title IX Regulations and Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987. Regional desegregation centers provide technical assistance and training to public school personnel and other government agencies in the areas of race, sex, and national origin desegregation, in order to provide all students with equitable opportunities to achieve educational excellence. This evaluation guide for Title IX Federal Regulations and the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 contains those regulations developed to implement Title IX and poses questions as a means of ascertaining the current level of compliance of a school district with the regulations. Excerpts from "Part 106: Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs and Activities Receiving or Benefiting from Federal Financial Assistance." is included along with a summary of the questions to assist in ascertaining compliance with the regulation. A request form for additional assistance from the Equity Center is appended. (NL)… [PDF]

Cepeda, Rita; Guichard, Gus (1986). Plan for Improving the Enrollment, Retention and Transfer of Minority Students. A specific action plan for increasing the enrollment, retention, and transfer of minorities in California's community colleges is presented, as developed by the participants at a December 1985 invitational symposium. Introductory material explains the goals and objectives of the symposium and identifies the five major recurrent themes raised throughout the small and full group discussions; i.e., institutional racism, open access, intersegmental articulation, community partnership, and advisory boards. Next, five recommendation areas are discussed: (1) institutional commitment (i.e., commitment to improving minority student recruitment and retention by colleges, districts and the system); (2) partnerships between the different educational systems aimed at increasing the transfer rates of minority students; (3) uniform standards forming a clear set of expectations for all students in areas such as course prerequisites, basic skills, academic progress, and probation/dismissal… [PDF]

(1988). State Policy for Faculty Development in Higher Education. A Report to the Governor and Legislature in Response to Supplemental Language in the 1986 Budget Act. Report 88-17. The conclusions and recommendations resulting from studies of faculty development in California's public colleges and universities, which were conducted in response to a directive from the state legislature, are presented. The report is divided into the following sections: (1) background (origins and conduct of the study); (2) the scope of faculty development (purposes; extent, scheduling and examples of activities; and standards); (3) state policies and support for faculty (current sources of support, institutional decisions about the use of state funds, and alternatives); and (4) summary, conclusions and recommendations. Among the recommendations are: that an increased proportion of any additional funds should be directed toward the improvement of undergraduate instruction; and that better planning, coordination and evaluation of faculty development should be established. Eleven tables provide data on faculty participation and funding. Contains 7 references. (KM)… [PDF]

Hawkins, O. Rebecca, Ed. (1988). Prince George's Community College 1988-93 Master Plan. Designed to integrate strategic planning for Prince George's Community College's (PGCCs) programs, budgets, and facilities, this master plan for 1988-93 offers information on the college's planning framework, mission, programs, and institutional priorities. The major features of the plan are a situational analysis and environmental scan, which examine PGCC's market share, enrollment trends, and student demographics, goals, attendance patterns, and program choices. The environmental scan also considers the potential impact of a projected decline in high school graduates, an increase in the number of older county residents, the state of the local economy, increasing competition among higher education institutions, and demands for institutional assessment and accountability. The final section of the master plan sets forth PGCC's priorities for the coming years with respect to: (1) increasing the representation of women and minorities among faculty and administrative staff; (2) creating…

Godin, P.; Mithoefer, M. P. (1988). On Hiring Principals: Perceptions of Principals on Selection and Hiring Practices–Are They Objective, Equitable and Fair?. The study examined whether or not research is being put into practice to select the best and the brightest for the position of principal and attempts to categorize ways in which discrimination occurs by identifying whether hiring agents discriminate against certain kinds of candidates. Specifically, three kinds of bias are examined: (1) gender of the candidate; (2) experience versus knowledge or education of the candidate; and (3) miscellaneous variables in hiring practices. The sample population included all 39 elementary and secondary principals in Washington County, Maine, with 29 (74%) of the principals responding. The perceptions indiciate that superintendents and school boards are not as objective, fair, and equitable as they should be in selecting and hiring principals. There is an apparent disregard for the level of education or knowledge of candidates on the part of hiring agents. Implications for the future are discussed. Appended are seven references and a bar graph of…

Campbell-Thrane, Lucille; Silvani-Lacey, Cindy (1981). Equity in Vocational Education: A Futures Agenda. Research and Development Series No. 213. This publication contains the two keynote presentations from the National Equity Colloquium and a synthesis of papers on equity from multidisciplinary perpectives. In "The Future of Educational Equity" Shirley D. McCune focuses on three questions of importance in developing strategies to gain equity: (1) What is the current concept of educational equity and how may this need be modified? (2) What are trends in society and education that provide a context for seeking equity? and (3) What are tasks that must be accomplished to continue the search for educational equity? In "The Justice of Equity" Samuel D. Proctor discusses bases for belief in the dignity of persons; five stages of development–disintegration, survival and acculturation, alienation, lawsuits, and reintegration; and implications for education, including professionalism and vicariousness. The overview, "Equity and Vocational Education: Guidelines for the 1980s," synthesizes 17 papers about… [PDF]

Wilkie, Jane Riblett (1982). The Decline in Occupational Segregation Between Black and White Women. This paper examines the decline in occupational segregation between black and white women over the twentieth century and analyzes how shifts in the occupational structure of the economy and changes in the racial composition of occupational categories contributed to this change. Overall, findings show that the decrease in occupational segregation between black and white women is a result of (1) decreasing demand in highly segregated \black women's occupations,\ especially agricultural labor and household work; (2) increasing supply of better educated black female workers; and (3) increasing equality of opportunity, particularly in the decade from 1960 to 1970. Thus, both market forces and changes in employers' hiring practices have contributed to the convergence in occupations between black and white women. (Author/GC)…

Thomas, Franklin A. (1985). Race Relations and Ethnicity. This presentation focuses on the state of race relations in South Africa and the United States as viewed against the backdrop of threats to world peace. It is argued that pluralism is likely to persist within most societies and should be recognized as both a potential threat and a potential benefit. As a strategy for peaceful pluralism in both South Africa and the United States, three key principles are articulated: (1) respect for the inherent equality of individuals and protection of their civil liberties; (2) equitable access to political and economic power; and (3) encouragement of society's peacemakers. Americans, it is argued, should feel especially responsible for human rights in South Africa because: (1) it is morally right; (2) it is the obligation of the free world's leading power; (3) the people of South Africa want the understanding of the United States; and (4) the United States has extensive interests in South Africa. In the United States itself, although blacks,…

McDonald, Scott C. (1982). An Inquiry into the Resilience of Title IX Reforms at the Local Level. An informal followup study was conducted to determine the permanence of gains in compliance with Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments in 23 California districts that had used compliance strategies developed by the California Coalition for Sex Equity in Education. Fourteen of the original districts' strategy implementation teams were contacted and two members of each team interviewed by phone. Analysis of the responses suggests that the implementation strategies may have had permanent results. Programmatic changes made by the districts tended to be maintained across all categories of Title IX concern, including the areas of equity in physical education, athletics, and academic courses for students and equity in personnel practices for teaching and administrative staffs. New initiatives tended to be taken most frequently in districts that had made appreciable gains in the original experimental period. (Author/PGD)… [PDF]

Harris, Rubie J. (1980). Relationship of Counseling Factors to Minority Females' Participation in Mathematics and Science. The underrepresentation of minority females in mathematics and science occupations raises questions about the role of secondary school counselors in the career choices of these students. Data from a mail survey of school counselors and guidance directors (N=125) were analyzed to examine the relationship of two dependent variables, i.e., enrollment of black female students in non-required mathematics courses and in non-required science courses and three independent variables, i.e., counselor demographic characteristics, characteristics of guidance programs, and counseling and guidance practices. None of the counselor demographic characteristics were statistically related to enrollment. In terms of the characteristics of guidance programs, only the \autonomy of counselors\ variables were statistically related to both dependent variables. For counseling and guidance practices, the variable, \special efforts used to encourage black females to enroll in non-required mathematics and…

Aquila, Frank D., Ed.; Hummel, Judy, Ed. (1977). A Quest for Equality: Title IX, The Second Year. Proceedings (Indiana University, Indiana, January 19-20, 1977). The papers presented in this volume are the result of a conference designed to assist school personnel in understanding and developing plans to eradicate sex discrimination in schools. The works included are: "The Subtleties of Sexism: A Short, Short Story," by Sharon B. Lord; "Legal Ramifications and Concepts of Title IX," by Charles E. Guerrier and Barbara Kaye Besser; "Title IX, or Be Nice to Uncle Sam's Nieces, or Are Reproductive Organs Relevant for Education?" by Bernice Sandler; "Title IX: The Basics," by Frances Dodson Rhome; "Title IX: Employment Practices, Grievance Procedures and Other Administrative Concerns," by Richard A. Boyd; "Girls Athletics: A Question of Priorities," by Patricia Roy; "Title IX and the Guidance Counselor," by Joanna Allman; "Kojack Revisited: The Nature and Costs of the Male Sex Role Stereotype," by David Sadker; and "A Technique to Assess Title IX Implementation…

Ryan, T. A. (1978). Generalized Planning Model to Achieve Equity in Corrections. A generalized planning model is presented for administrators and mid-management personnel seeking to develop and maintain effective correctional systems and to insure equity for women and minorities employed in these systems. This model consists of three components which tell how an agency: (1) develops a rationale for equity; (2) assesses needs for equity; and (3) sets goals and implements activities. A flowchart is included as a graphic representation of the step-by-step procedure of design and implementation. The appendices contain sample forms for analyzing current settings and projecting the ideal. A bibliography is also provided. (Author/HLM)…

(1980). Design of a Plan for Evaluation of the National Institute of Education's Program to Increase the Participation of Minorities and Women in Educational Research and Development. Final Report. The extreme variability of the 50 projects under the NIE Program to Increase the Participation of Minorities and Women in Educational Research and Development necessitates an evaluation design that is flexible enough to accomodate significant differences in project characteristics, yet comprehensive enough to allow meaningful aggregation of cross-project data for evaluation at the program level. This report of a program evaluation method that meets these two objectives is divided into two parts. Part I includes descriptive overview data on major project dimensions that clearly illustrate the wide diversity of the characteristics among the 50 projects. Two key variables, project orientation and targeted participant population, emerged as a basis for logical sub-grouping of projects into a classification matrix. In Part II, possible methods and timing of data collection approaches are outlined in depth and potential data sources are reviewed. The section also outlines a conceptual…

Katz, David; And Others (1978). College and Industry: Partners in the Handicapped Role (Cipher III). A project was designed and instituted to furnish a structure that would bring together three groups–potential employers, college personnel, and disabled people–to increase employment opportunities for the handicapped. During the third and final project year, representatives of all three groups met in workshops to discuss issues and concerns. Among the conclusions drawn are these: (1) companies need current, reliable information about legal aspects of hiring disabled people; (2) businesses may profit from sharing effective strategies that increase employment of the disabled; (3) businesses and labor unions need to include in collective bargaining agreements ways and means to enhance employment opportunities by recruitment and job restructuring; (4) once hired, disabled persons need help to advance on career paths at the same rate as their able-bodied peers; (5) the myth that the disabled are more highly motivated, perform better, and are more loyal than the able-bodied places an…

(1973). Procedures, Policies, and Practices for Personnel in Academic Affairs, Southern Illinois University. Intended to assist both with the general preparation of personnel matters and the necessary documents for placing appointees on the official payroll of Southern Illinois University, the 1973 faculty handbook includes: (1) budget authority and responsibility; (2) faculty and administrative staff; (3) promotions; (4) salaries; (5) tenure; and (6) graduate-student employees. (KE)… [PDF]

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Bibliography: Affirmative Action (Part 281 of 331)

(1975). University System of Georgia Annual Report for Fiscal Year July 1, 1974-June 30, 1975. The annual report for the University System of Georgia for the 1974-75 fiscal year reflects, in summary form, a 12-month period of progress in instruction, research, and public service. Covered is: (1) enrollment; (2) graduates; (3) research; (4) faculties; (5) libraries; (6) changes in academic units; (7) construction; and (8) finance. The appendix contains statistical data. Topics include: interinstitutional programs; joint programs; health care education; teacher education; research expenditures and proposals; public service; scholarships; antidiscrimination actions; university systemwide desegregation plan; and equal employment opportunities. (Author/KE)… [PDF]

Bayuk, Barry S.; Bayuk, Milla (1978). The Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke. Journal of College Student Personnel, 19, 2, 169-73, Mar 78. The major social issue involved is reverse discrimination and whether or not it is a legally permissible form of discrimination in light of history. Implications for higher education will remain. This article discusses the background of the DeFunis and Bakke cases. (Author)…

Fields, Cheryl M. (1987). Closing the Education Gap for Hispanics: State Aims to Forestall a Divided Society. Chronicle of Higher Education, v34 n3 pA1,36,38 Sep 16. California's problems of educational and occupational underachievement for Hispanics, a large and growing proportion of the state's population, are examined in light of the state's efforts and concerns in providing equal education, lowering the language barrier, and encouraging academic persistence. (MSE)…

Fields, Cheryl M. (1988). Hispanics, State's Fastest-Growing Minority, Shut Out of Top Positions at U. of California, Leaders Say. Chronicle of Higher Education, v34 n35 pA9-10 May 11. Two-hundred Hispanic faculty members, administrators, and students from the nine University of California campuses met to plan strategies for increasing their presence throughout the university. One catalyst for the meeting was frustration because no Hispanics were considered for the four new chancellorships named recently. (MLW)…

Kloosterman, Peter; And Others (1987). Attracting Minority Teachers in Science, Mathematics, Foreign Language, and Computing. Metropolitan Education, n4 p24-9 Spr. This study concerns school policies and actions which foster the hiring of minority teachers to promote the study of science, mathematics, foreign languages, and computing among minority students. Successful recruitment programs for students were found, but new ways must be devised for attracting minority teachers to these fields of study. (VM)…

Dingerson, Michael R.; Rodman, John A. (1986). University Hiring Practices for Academic Administrators. Journal of the College and University Personnel Association, v37 n2 p24-30 Sum. Results of a survey of institutions concerning their practices in recruiting and hiring academic deans and assistant/associate chief academic officers are presented, especially their ability to hire first-choice candidates and internal vs. external applicants and to hire underrepresented consituencies. (MSE)…

Matory, J. Lorand (1993). The Other African Americans. Black North America is ethnically and culturally diverse. It contains many groups who do not call themselves or have not always called themselves "Negro,""Black,""African-American," and so forth, such as Louisiana Creoles of color and many of the Indian tribes east of the Mississippi. There are also numerous North American ethnic groups of African descent whose ancestors came as free people from Jamaica, Nigeria, Haiti, Cuba, and so forth. In the United States, such groups encounter a system of classifying race and stereotypes about people of African descent that differ substantially from those in their native lands. This essay concerns the responses of these ethnic groups to contemporary North American conceptions of race, as well as their role in creating and reshaping these conceptions. This article challenges the current consensus in the social sciences that dismisses "race" as an invalid analytic construct, and it proposes an alternative… [PDF]

(1997). Imperatives for the Future: A Plan for Pennsylvania's State System of Higher Education. To realize its vision as an accountable, collaborative, and increasingly integrated network of universities focused on higher learning, the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education commits itself to three major initiatives, focusing on: (1) learning; (2) collaboration and integration; and (3) the accountability imperative. These goals and the strategies to bring them about build on foundation planning set by previous documents including the "Excellence in Equity." To achieve these objectives, the state system will expand access to new and existing clientele, focusing on student diversity. The state also plans to enhance and expand learning activities for Pennsylvania students, and to strengthen the match between the state system's educational programs and the needs of students and the state. The plan also calls for optimizing the management and development of system resources. Six appendixes contain supplemental information about the plan, including the Executive… [PDF]

(2003). Open to All: Title IX at 30. This document is a report to the secretary of education on the findings of the Secretary's Commission on Opportunities in Athletics. The Commission was charged with examining Title IX. Starting in June 2002, the 15-member commission collected information, analyzed issues, and obtained broad public input directed at improving the application of current federal standards for measuring equal opportunity for men and women and boys and girls to participate in athletics under Title IX. The Commission found strong and broad support for the original intent of Title IX, along with a great deal of debate over how the law should be enforced. The Commission also found a great deal of confusion about Title IX and a lack of clarity in guidance from the Office for Civil Rights in regard to enforcement. In response, the commission adopted 23 key recommendations, which are presented in this report. The recommendations are grouped into four themes: (1) commitment; (2) clarity; (3) fairness; and (4)… [PDF]

(2000). Improving Equal Opportunities for Higher Education Staff. This paper invites views from the heads of publicly funded higher education institutions in the United Kingdom, higher education trade unions, and other bodies with an interest in equal opportunities on a proposal to set up an equal opportunities action group. While the proposal notes that progress has been made in providing equal opportunities for all who work in higher education, several reviews in 1999 by administrative bodies indicate that further improvement is required. The proposed group would be a collaborative venture and would included various representative bodies, existing networks, and initiatives with a mission to support the work of higher education institutions in the UK and provide an overall review of progress. A partnership framework is set out in detail. The cost over a five-year period, covering all of the UK, is estimated at 2.5 million English pounds. Several specific comments are requested. Appendix A sets forth the mission and aims of the partnership group;…

Wilbur, Michael P.; And Others (1983). Equal Opportunity Programs: A Case for Counseling. Journal of Non-White Concerns in Personnel and Guidance, v11 n2 p34-42 Jan. Assessed the effectiveness of an Equal Opportunity Program in meeting disadvantaged students' (N=170) financial, social, counseling, and staff needs. Results indicated a need for improved personal counseling services. Results in other areas were nonsignificant. Colleges must give special attention to adequate EOP staffing to provide counseling services. (JAC)…

Blackburn, Robert T.; Elmore, Charles J. (1983). Black and White Faculty in White Research Universities. Journal of Higher Education, v54 n1 p1-15 Jan-Feb. The comparative success of Black faculty in White research universities was studied. Findings reveal similarities between Black and White professors–in work effort, scholarly productivity, favorableness of the racial climate, and the endorsement of universalistic over particularistic reward standards. (Author/MLW)…

Williams, Frank; And Others (1982). Admissions Criteria and the Minority Student. Journal of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, v26 n4 p11-18 Apr. Sampled colleges nationwide to determine whether admissions criteria differed significantly for minority groups. Results indicated minorities are expected to show evidence of quantifiable accomplishment. Noncognitive factors were less important. Private and Protestant colleges were more likely to consider motivation and admissions interviews. (JAC)…

Wilson, Benjamin F.; Wilson, Merinda Davis (1979). Higher Education in Georgia: The Struggle for Equality. Negro Educational Review, v30 n2-3 p202-08 Apr-Jul. This article gives an overview of significant civil rights cases in Georgia since 1954. Focused on are cases involving racial discrimination in higher education. (Author/MC)…

Jenkins, Iredell (1979). The Impact and Implications of DeFunis and Bakke. American Journal of Jurisprudence, v24 p27-58. It is argued that rationales justifying privileged admission to educational programs contain seeds of racial divisiveness and that they are undermining the integrity of the legal order and reducing courts to arenas of social, political, and personal conflict. (Journal availability: "American Journal of Jurisprudence," Law Building, Notre Dame, IN 46556, $7.50.) (MSE)…

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