Blake, Elias, Jr. (1987). Equality for Blacks: Another Lost Decade or New Surge Forward?. Change, v19 n3 p10-13 May-Jun. Black progress is tied to the overriding national concern for economic development and the challenge of international competition. The experience of black colleges shows that unequally prepared students can be educated to high levels of performance. Some public policy initiatives are suggested. (MLW)…

Smith, Joshua (1987). Equity with Excellence. Community, Technical, and Junior College Journal, v57 n4 p22-24 Feb-Mar. Reviews the status of minority students in California's educational system, pointing to high dropout rates, community college enrollment trends, and social factors. Highlights the correlation between educational performance and expectations, urging a well-orchestrated effort focusing on guidance, retention, and standards of excellence across all educational levels. (DMM)…

Adkison, Judith A. (1985). The Structure of Opportunity and Administrative Aspirations. Urban Education, v20 n3 p327-47 Oct. Reports on a study of women and minorities in the pool of potential administrators in an urban school district. Results show women still are underrepresented among educational administrators, although in this system, as many women as men aspired to administrative positions. (SA)…

McKenzie, Beryl; Over, Ray (1985). Career Prospects for Women in Australian Universities. Journal of Tertiary Educational Administration, v7 n1 p61-71 May. Although many women now have qualifications that in the past guaranteed an academic appointment, few university jobs are available. An unrestrained labor market suggests that the sex ratio of academics is unlikely to change much in the next 10 to 15 years, but several interventions could increase the representation of women in academic posts. (MSE)…

Staples, Robert (1984). Racial Ideology and Intellectual Racism: Blacks in Academia. Black Scholar, v15 n2 p2-17 Mar-Apr. Argues that as the market has grown for the products and services of the professional intellectual class, this group has become committed not only to knowledge and skill but also to its elite privileges and that, as a result, the image of intellectuals as supporters of the less privileged lacks currency today. (CMG)…

(1985). A Special Commemorative Recognition of Martin Luther King Jr.'s \March on Washington,\ August 28, 1963. Negro Educational Review, v36 n1 p1-52 Jan. Contains five essays and editorial on the theme of Black/white alliances, 1941-1983. Topics discussed include a look back at slavery, rhetorical alliances in the Civil Rights era, how the nature of legal arguments limits Black educational advancement, political alliances, and religious alliances. (CMG)…

Dentler, Robert A.; And Others (1982). The Consequences of the University of North Carolina's Consent Decree. Integrated Education, v20 n3-5 p76-80 May-Oct. Discusses components of the University of North Carolina's consent decree, and holds that the "remedies" proposed therein actually will prevent the achievement of equal educational opportunity in North Carolina. (GC)…

(2003). Supreme Court of the United States Syllabus: Gratz et al. v. Bollinger et al. Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Argued April 1, 2003-Decided June 23, 2003. October Term, 2002. (Slip Opinion.). This legal document presents the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case brought against the University of Michigan's use of racial preferences in undergraduate admissions. In Gratz et al. v. Bollinger et al., the Court held that while race is one of a number of factors that can be considered in undergraduate admissions, the automatic distribution of 20 points to students from underrepresented minority groups is not narrowly tailored. It reiterated its holding from the 2003 Grutter v. Bollinger et al. decision that diversity is a compelling state interest that can justify the consideration of race as a factor in university admissions. The Court emphasized the importance of individualized review to assess all of the qualities each applicant might contribute to the diversity of the entering class. It ruled that the admissions process of the College of Literature, Science, and Arts did not meet this standard insofar as 20 (out of 150 possible) points were automatically awarded… [PDF]

Antrop-Gonzalez, Rene (2003). "This School Is My Sanctuary": The Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos Alternative High School. JSRI Working Paper No. 57. Julian Samora Research Institute Recent studies and personal narratives suggest a connection between the low academic achievement of Latina/o students in the United States to the lack of care they experience in schools. The author reports on a study he conducted of the Chicago-based Pedro Albizu Campos Alternative High School, focusing on the experiences of its students and teachers. He found that for a school to be effective for Latina/o students and other students of color, it must become a "sanctuary" in that the school fosters student-teacher caring relationships, provides a familial type environment to ensure that its students are not marginalized, provides a gang-free safe space, and affirms students' racial and ethnic identities. The purpose of this article, then, is threefold. First, the author briefly describes the high school. Second, he highlights students' voices and their descriptions of the "school as sanctuary" concept. Third, he describes the teachers' experiences pertaining to… [PDF]

Lerner, Robert; Nagai, Althea K. (2000). Preferences in Maryland Higher Education: Racial and Ethnic Preferences in Undergraduate Admissions at Maryland Four-Year Public Colleges and Universities. This study examined the extent to which racial and ethnic preferences were used in the admissions policies of Maryland's four-year public colleges and universities. Ten institutions provided data on in-state enrollees (race, sex, and SAT scores). Data analysis indicated that white in-state enrollees on average had substantially higher SAT scores compared to black in-state enrollees. At most schools, the SAT math score gap between blacks and whites was large, and the verbal score gap was moderate or large. There was less of a systematic pattern regarding white-Hispanic and white-Asian test score differences, though the former gaps were greater and more common than the latter. Especially at large institutions, the greater gaps between groups were mirrored in lower graduation rates for minorities. Blacks were subject to remediation at a greater rate than members of other racial and ethnic groups, and the disparities in remediation rates were generally related to gaps in enrollee test… [PDF]

Hill, Herbert (1982). The AFL-CIO and the Black Worker: Twenty-Five Years after the Merger. Journal of Intergroup Relations, Special Report: Race and Labor v10 n1 p5-78 Spr. Reviews the Black experience in U.S. labor unions since the merger of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955. Notes that a critical barometer of labor's progressive impact is its treatment of minority and female workers. (Author/GC)…

Manna, Sal (1980). The Other Half Goes to Law School. Student Lawyer, v8 n8 p18-36 Apr. The Peoples College of Law in Los Angeles, where accreditation is eschewed, racial and sexual quotas enforced, and previous academic records count less than a working-class background, is described. (Author/MSE)…

Brodinsky, Ben (1979). Something Happened: Education in the Seventies. Phi Delta Kappan, v61 n4 p238-41 Dec. The author briefly discusses ten of the important events in education during the last decade. (IRT)…

Bell, Derrick (1979). The Politics of Desegregation. Change, v11 n7 p50-53 Oct. Desegregation efforts and litigation, including the Bakke case, are discussed in terms of their conflicting effects on the existence of predominately Black colleges. It is suggested that federal actions and legal decisions may in fact threaten the survival of Black institutions. (JMF)…

(1979). Nontraditional Programs, Including Programs for Special Categories of Students. College and University, v54 n4 p266-355 Sum. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Meeting of the Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers that relate to nontraditional education and special programs are summarized. The names and addresses of conference participants are included. (SF)…

Lipset, Seymour Martin; Nevitte, Neil; Rothman, Stanley (2003). Racial Diversity Reconsidered. Public Interest, n151 p25-38 Spr. Surveyed college faculty, administrators, and students about their feelings on campus diversity programs and various aspects of the general educational experience and environment. Among faculty and administrators, diversity brought perceptions of better race relations, decreased educational quality, and decreased academic preparation. As black enrollment increased, student satisfaction with the university, the quality of their education, and peer work ethic dropped, and the likelihood of experiencing discrimination rose. (SM)…

Orlans, Harold (1990). Changing Conditions: Minority Education at Oakes College. Thought and Action, v6 n1 p21-34 Spr. A discussion of the success of Oakes College (Santa Cruz, California) at attracting and retaining Black and Hispanic students looks at the early experimental nature of the college, what was learned in its early years, and the educational and policy strategies that have evolved through controversy and crisis. (MSE)…

Lowe, Rosemary Hays; Wittig, Michele Andrisin (1989). Comparable Worth: Individual, Interpersonal, and Structural Considerations. Journal of Social Issues, v45 n4 p223-46. Integrates the major conclusions of the papers on comparable worth in this special issue, and identifies additional relevant issues. Covers the following major topics: (1) history and conceptual issues; (2) social psychological aspects to pay equity; (3) job evaluation issues and applications; and (4) policy implementation and implications. (JS)…

Su, Guilin (1989). A Preliminary Probe into the Difficulties College Women Encounter in Job Placement. Chinese Education: A Journal of Translations, v22 n2 p89-96 Sum. Investigates factors contributing to difficulties faced by China's female college graduates seeking a job. Suggests publicizing the idea of women's liberation while increasing the training of women, correcting the expectations of the traditional role, eliminating the idea of child rearing as a personal matter, and protecting women in the course of reform. (KO)…

Leach, Juliette D.; Roberts, Shirley L. (1988). A Soft Technology: Recruiting and Retaining Women and Minorities in High Tech Programs. Community, Technical, and Junior College Journal, v59 n2 p34-37 Oct-Nov. Describes a program at Washtenaw Community College, Michigan, to upgrade the basic skills of women and minority students and provide the academic support needed for success in high technology occupational training programs. Examines the following program components: academic progress, counseling, peer support, financial aid, and advocacy. (DMM)…

Opp, Ronald D.; Smith, Albert B. (1994). Effective Strategies for Enhancing Minority Faculty Recruitment. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, v18 n2 p147-63 Mar-Apr. Describes a nationwide study of the percentage of minority faculty employed full-time at community colleges and strategies used to recruit them. Suggests that successful strategies include placing minorities on the board of trustees, recruiting from industry, and hiring minority faculty as chief academic administrators and ethnic studies instructors. (Includes the survey instrument and 25 references.) (MAB)…

Murray, David (1991). Monitoring Shifts in Campus Image and Recruitment Efforts in Small Colleges. New Directions for Institutional Research, (No. 70 Evaluating Student Recruitment and Retention Programs) v18 n2 p83-94 Sum. Without an institutional research office to look at recruitment and retention programs, DePauw University (Indiana) relies heavily on institutional trend data and comparative information to assess the effectiveness of three initiatives: recruitment of large numbers of minority students, strategic use of financial aid, and use of market segmentation. (MSE)…

Cox, Mary Anne; Williams, Ronald A. (1991). Minority Student Recruitment: A Connecticut Model. New Directions for Community Colleges, n74 p39-46 Sum. Describes initiatives developed in Connecticut to increase minority participation in higher education, including the Minority Enrollment Incentive Program, Urban Marketing Initiative, Greater Hartford Community College's Hispanic Family Support and Pre-Nursing programs, Norwalk Community College's English as a Second Language program, high school partnerships, and the Minority Fellowship Program. (DMM)… [Direct]

Colby, Anita Y.; Quimbita, Grace (1991). Sources and Information: Minority Participation in Community College Education. New Directions for Community Colleges, n74 p117-124 Sum. Provides an annotated bibliography of ERIC documents and journal articles on community college efforts to enhance minority participation and success, focusing on access, recruitment, retention, transfer, leadership, and revitalization efforts. (DMM)… [Direct]

Baum, Sandy (1998). Balancing Act. Can Colleges Achieve Equal Access and Survive in a Competitive Market?. College Board Review, n186 p12-17 Fall. An economist discusses whether strategic use of student financial aid to achieve sound fiscal goals in higher education is at odds with the competing goal of equity. Overemphasis on efficiency will cause higher education to lose sight of its mission; while it should not shy away from rational consideration of expenses and revenues, it should remember social goals. (MSE)…

Jansen, Jonathan David (2005). Black Dean: Race, Reconciliation, and the Emotions of Deanship. Harvard Educational Review, v75 n3 p306-326 Fall. In this article, Jonathan Jansen describes his experiences as a Black dean in the formerly all-White University of Pretoria in South Africa. The article shows how race, gender, history, and institutional culture constitute emotional terrain in which decanal leadership plays itself out in the volatile postapartheid era. In the context of South Africa's negotiated transition to majority rule, Black leadership in this still dominant White institution means balancing tensions of affirmation and inclusion, retention and restitution, caring and correction, accommodation and assertion, and racial reconciliation and social justice. In telling his story, Jansen takes on, among other concerns, the ethnocentric character of Western research on leadership, the paucity of critical literature on the deanship, and the general lack of studies on educational leadership in postconflict societies. (Contains 5 endnotes.)… [Direct]

Astin, Alexander W.; Chang, Mitchell J.; Kim, Dongbin (2004). Cross-Racial Interaction among Undergraduates: Some Consequences, Causes, and Patterns. Research in Higher Education, v45 n5 p529-553 Aug. This study utilized a national longitudinal data set of college students to examine the educational relevance of cross-racial interaction and how campuses can best structure such opportunities. The general pattern of findings suggests that cross-racial interaction has positive effects on students' intellectual, social, and civic development. The results show that institutions could enhance such experiences by enrolling larger proportions of students of color and by offering students more opportunities to live and work part-time on campus. While these findings apply uniformly to white students, the frequency of cross-racial interaction does not always follow an expected path of steady gains for students of color as the student body becomes increasingly more diverse. Implications of the findings are discussed…. [Direct]

Gappa, Judith M.; And Others (1976). Self-Evaluation Package. Designed to Meet Requirements of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare for Compliance by Institutions of Higher Education with Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Its Implementing Regulations. The Self-Evaluation Package is process-oriented. The material provides for an assessment of the current status of policies, procedures, forms, and publications, as well as documentation of the results of analyses, plans, and time-frames for corrective actions. The 16 individual packets contained in this Self-Evaluation Package can be distributed to specific officers or individuals responsible for programs or activities covered by the regulations. All packets are similar in their introductions, planning guides, and projection of corrective action section; but each contains different work sheets for analysis and documentation appropriate for that particular unit. Each packet also contains a copy of the sections of the Title IX regulations applying to that unit or program. The total Self- Evaluation Package offers institutions of higher learning a tool for completing the self-analysis and documentation required by law, and requires no initial training of staff to be implemented…. [PDF]

Powers, Robin; Steward, Robbie J. (1996). Minority Representation within Fields in Psychology: Implications for Career Counseling, Training, and APA Recruitment by Division. An examination of the representation of doctoral level, United States-based, racial/ethnic minority professionals (n=1,597) by division within the American Psychological Association (APA) was conducted. Membership status (i.e., member, fellow), specialty area, and sex also are noted in the compilation of findings. Results indicate that U.S.-based, doctoral level, minority professionals who have the potential to influence the future of each discipline within psychology appear to be quite limited, comprising only 2.6% of the total APA membership. Three ways by which the APA may begin addressing this under-representation are recommended: (1) all APA-approved training programs responsible for the instruction of undergraduate and graduate students should insure that students are exposed early in their educations to extensive information related to every possible APA division and psychology specialty; (2) an archival study should be conducted which analyzes the composition of those APA… [PDF]

Perna, Laura W. (1996). The Contribution of Financial Aid to the Price of Four-Year Institution Attended by 1989/90 Freshmen. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper. By examining the effects of financial aid upon students' choice of what type of institution of higher education to attend, this study addressed the effectiveness of current student financial aid programs in achieving the goal of equal educational opportunity. The study evaluated a sample of 1,916 students in the first follow-up (1992) of the Beginning Postsecondary Student Survey of 1989-90 entering freshmen, a subsample of the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study. Students' choice of institution to attend was measured by the institutional characteristic of price after controlling for the effects of other student and institutional characteristics. The study's conclusions were: (1) that financial aid enabled students to attend higher-priced institutions, although various types and amounts of aid had different effects upon the price of institution attended; (2) that, unlike the results of prior research, loans were positively related to the price of the institution attended; (3)… [PDF]