(1981). Resource Linkages for Sex Equity. The Potential for Linkages Between the Vocational Education Sex Equity Coordinator and Other Legally Appointed Equity Personnel. Several federal laws that address the issue of sex equity in education and employment do so in part by placing personnel in official and advisory positions at the state and local level to effect equity. In vocational education, Public Law 94-482 mandates vocational education sex equity personnel (in most states entitled "sex equity coordinators") to fulfill ten specific functions relating to creating and promoting sex equity in educational programs. Coordinators could carry out these mandates more effectively if they could form cooperative linkages with other personnel mandated by other federal laws. These personnel include coordinators under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; members, especially women members, of local advisory councils on vocational education under Section 105 of Public Law 94-482; compliance officers under Office of Civil Rights Guidelines; state coordinators under the Career Education… [PDF]

Ryan, John W., Ed. (1978). Changing Patterns in Graduate Education. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting. Council of Graduate Schools in the United States. Changing patterns in graduate education were addressed at a meeting of the Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) in the United States. Topics of the conference included: opportunities and change in graduate education, interinstitutional cooperation in graduate programs for professionals, the future of graduate study in the humanities, decision-making in the dean's office, student-related legal problems of the academic dean, creativity and the creative climate in graduate preparation for careers, assessment of creativity in scientific problem-solving, the use of graduate record examination (GRE) scores in graduate admissions, the validity of GRE test scores, the analytical score of the GRE aptitude test, graduate education for international students, the impact of foreign students on graduate education from a Canadian perspective, interassociational activities of the Council of Graduate Schools within the field of international education, the future involvement of the Council of Graduate… [PDF]

Abel, Emily (1979). The View from the Bottom: The Impact of Proposition 13 on Part-Time Faculty. A study of the impact of Proposition 13 on the part-time faculty at California universities and colleges is hampered by: (1) the invisibility of part-time instructors in institutional reports and statements; (2) the confusion of Proposition 13 with other factors, such as declining enrollments; and (3) the fact that the full impact of Proposition 13 has not yet been felt. However, current trends indicate that as financial difficulties intensify, increasing numbers of part-timers will be fired, the conditions of those who remain will worsen, and full-time positions will be converted into part-time slots at an accelerated rate. Background information about part-time faculty demonstrates its vulnerability to lay-offs. Although part-timers make up 58% of the California community college faculty and are increasingly professional, rather than lay, educators, they are underpaid and provided with limited secretarial assistance and few opportunities to participate in faculty meetings. This…

Barnes, Stephen F.; Meek, Doris A. (1979). Commission on Student Life. Final Report and Recommendations. The final report and recommendations of the Commission on Student Life at San Diego State University are presented. The commission undertook a comprehensive review and evaluation of campus programs and services that contribute to student life. Specific tasks were as follows: (1) to examine all dynamic aspects of student life at San Diego State University in terms of expectations, needs, and program, service effectiveness; and (2) to review and evaluate the present administrative structure, staffing patterns, budgets, operations, and program emphases of the Division of Student Affairs, along with all other university departments and programs that are involved direclty with student life. Findings were to be elated to the following two concerns: whether students are being effectively served by the university and changes that should be instituted to ensure an optimal quality of student life now and into the 1980s. Study areas included: background; academic environment and student…

Carnevale, Anthony P. (1999). Education = Success: Empowering Hispanic Youth and Adults. This report discusses the education and empowerment of Hispanic Americans, stressing the importance of expanding access to educational opportunity from preschool through graduate and professional school. The report focuses on closing the educational and opportunity gap faced by Hispanics in the United States. After an introduction, \A Hard Look at Where We Are Now,\ the first section discusses \Education and Hispanic Economic Opportunity.\ The next section presents \Where the Jobs Are,\ examining various types of jobs. The third section discusses \Earnings and the Hispanic Education Gap,\ examining educational achievement and attainment, education and earnings, job types, immigration and the economy, education and unequal pay, the importance of academic skills, the educational domino effect, and the importance of nonacademic skills. The fourth section examines \Skills and the Hispanic Employment Outlook through 2006,\ discussing the various skill levels and noting policy…

Bramlett, Linda; Marcus, Bruce (1977). A Self-Study on the Impact of the Federal Government on Rice University. Results of a self-study conducted by Rice University, Texas, on the impact of federal legislation, especially nondiscrimination legislation, and the influence of federally-sponsored research are described. A survey was conducted of department chairmen, administrative staff, and a few selected faculty through interviewing and questionnaire administration. Among the legislation that has had the greatest impact on the university are the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the required compliance with Executive Order 11246, Title IX, and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Title IX has changed the university's policy and practices relating to athletics and particularly the intercollegiate athletic program. Action has been taken to make the university accessible to the handicapped, but structural modifications of all existing facilities would impose a significant financial burden. Some major changes have occurred which have affected the university's traditional hiring philosophy and practices,…

Wilson, John K. (1995). The Myth of Political Correctness. The Conservative Attack on Higher Education. This book examines the phenomenon of "political correctness" in higher education and argues that it is a powerful conspiracy theory created by conservatives and the media who have manipulated resentment against leftist radicals into a backlash against a fictional monster, political correctness. The first chapter describes in detail the most important developments in the political correctness myth particularly as promulgated during the Reagan-Bush years. The book argues that the political correctness myth was developed through anecdote and that well-funded conservative groups carefully worked to create the institutional framework of political correctness and to compile stories of oppression by radicals. Chapter 2 argues for the existence of a "conservative correctness" that encourages attacks on liberal and leftist groups. Chapter 3 looks at challenges, real and exaggerated, to curriculum changes in higher education that raise concerns about how western culture is…

(1997). Technical Assistance Guide for Civil Rights Compliance in Vocational Education. Revised. This guide and coordinator's manual are designed to assist administrators of local agencies, area vocational centers, and postsecondary institutions in Michigan in assessing and improving their compliance with civil rights regulations relating to vocational education. The guide is based on an interpretation of the following laws: Title VI of the Civil Rights Act 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments 1972, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act 1990, the Age Discrimination Act 1975, and the 1979 Guidelines for Eliminating Discrimination and Denial of Services on the Basis of Race, Color, National Origin, Sex and Handicap. The 13 sections of the guide cover the following: (1) assurances; (2) policies; (3) designated coordinators; (4) notice of nondiscrimination; (5) public notification of vocational opportunities; (6) grievance procedures; (7) self-evaluations for Title IX Section 504 and Title II; (8) transition plans for… [PDF]

Velasquez, Patrick M. (1996). Resisting the Normative Implications of Tinto: Student and Institutional Characteristics Supporting the Persistence of Chicanos in Higher Education. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper. Chicano student achievement remains low at virtually all stages of the educational pipeline but the low rates of postsecondary matriculation and persistence are especially alarming. Tinto (1993) has described student persistence in higher education as a longitudinal process of interaction between an individual student and his/her institutional environment that is driven by the degree of congruence between student and institution. The registrar's office at three institutions, California State University, a California Community College, and the University of California, provided a list of randomly selected students who self-identified as Chicanos. Each student was mailed a questionnaire near the end of a quarter or semester to obtain responses reflecting a minimum of one entire academic year. The students' responses indicated a high degree of biculturalism (comfort and proficiency in both Chicano and U.S. cultural domains) and that their ethic identity as Chicano was salient. There… [PDF]

Higgins, Ruby D., Ed.; And Others (1993). The Black Student's Guide to College Success. Essays and reflections were gathered to create a guide to the college experience for African American students. A survey of the opinions and attitudes of over 1,500 black students at colleges and universities asked what situations or problems confronted them in being admitted to colleges and what problems they encountered in their first year at college. In addition, 250 in-depth interviews with black students were conducted. The situation and problems were organized into themes. Respected black professional educators were asked to write short essays on these themes and to use informal language aimed at youth and families who may not have attended college. Part I discusses "How To Succeed in College" in 14 sections, each of which describes one of the following essential steps in the process: (1) college preparation; (2) choosing a college; (3) beginning the college selection process; (4) obtaining financing; (5) the black athlete; (6) housing; (7) choosing a major; (8)…

(1998). Office for Civil Rights, Annual Report to Congress, Fiscal Year 1997. The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) enforces federal civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination in programs and activities receiving federal financial assistance from the Department of Education. Laws enforced by OCR include: (1) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin; (2) Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex; (3) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disability; (4) Age Discrimination Act of 1974; and (5) Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The OCR's enforcement authority extends to almost 15,000 school districts, over 3,600 colleges and universities, approximately 5,000 proprietary organizations, and thousands of libraries, vocational rehabilitation agencies, and correctional facilities. During fiscal year 1997, OCR's 12 enforcement offices focused on disability… [PDF]

Walke, Jean (1993). Analysis of Departmental Functions: The Department of Staff and Instructional Services, Houston Community College System. The Department of Staff and Instructional Services (SIS) in the Houston Community College System (HCCS) takes a leadership role in providing and promoting products and services required to empower the HCCS in the pursuit of quality service to the campus community. The goals of the SIS department are to adopt Total Quality Service orientation, increase awareness of the need and opportunities for growth for all staff, continue as a major source of communications products and services, and promote organizational development through teamwork. The major functions of the SIS are: (1) general instructional support, through such projects as the Great Teachers Seminar, the Business Externship Program, the Faculty Mentoring/Master Teacher Program, and a range of video projects; (2) general instructional support provided by other HCCS sources, including the Information Technology Division and the Student Services Division; (3) instructional support through the individual colleges in the HCCS;… [PDF]

Santos, Richard (1983). Hispanic Youth in the Labor Market. Special Report. This is a report on a study of how Hispanic youth fare in the labor market, based on data from the 1979 and 1980 National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth Labor Market Experiences. Chapter 1 reviews some of the major factors (low educational attainment, language problems, influx of foreign workers, cultural problems, and discrimination) that have been suggested as reasons for the economically disadvantaged status of Hispanics. Chapter 2 provides a socioeconomic and demographic profile of Hispanic youth, and Chapter 3 presents labor force participation rates, unemployment rates, and employment/population ratios relative to other groups and among Hispanics themselves. Chapter 4 examines the various dimensions of unemployment among Hispanics, including financial hardship, job search methods, types of jobs sought, and length of time required to find work. Chapter 5 provides a profile of employed Hispanics, while Chapter 6 summarizes government sponsored employment and training for youth…. [PDF]

Dewart, Janet, Ed. (1987). The State of Black America 1987. This book consists of 12 papers on current issues affecting black Americans. Titles (and authors) are the following: (1) \Black America 1986: An Overview\ (John E. Jacob); (2) \The Law and Black Americans: Retreat from Civil Rights\ (Julius L. Chambers); (3) \Taking Charge: An Approach to Making the Educational Problems of Blacks Comprehensible and Manageable\ (Sharon P. Robinson); (4) \The Future of School Desegregation\ (Charles V. Willie); (5) \Economic Status of Blacks 1986\ (David Swinton); (6) \Blacks, Budgets, and Taxes: Assessing the Impact of Budget Deficit Reduction and Tax Reform on Blacks\ (Lenneal J. Henderson); (7) \Black Families in a Changing Society\ (Andrew Billingsley); (8) \Social Welfare Reform\ (Barbara Bryant Solomon); (9) \The Black Underclass in Perspective\ (Douglas Glasgow); (10) \Drug Use: Special Implications for Black America\ (Beny J. Primm); (11) \AIDS: A Special Report\ (Beny J. Primm); (12) \Blacks in State and Local Government: Progress and…

Saville, Anthony (1986). Tailoring the Interview Process for More Effective Personnel Selection. Structuring the initial teacher employment interview adds validity to selection and appropriately utilizes human resources. Five aspects of an effective interview program include: (1) developing a job analysis plan; (2) reviewing the applications; (3) planning for the interview; (4) the interview instrument; and (5) legal implications. An interview chart should include a \task analysis\ developed from key duties. A well-developed application form, rather than resumes, assists in obtaining data. Before the interview, a principal should have an application letter, completed district application, resume, placement papers, and official transcripts. Information should include current employment, previous successful related experience, related quality academic work, and a phone check of references. \Information giving\ involves restating the job description; describing the district, community, and school; and providing information about salary and work. \Information receiving\ includes… [PDF]

Fahrenbruch, Julia, Ed. (1986). The Challenge of Change: A Reassessment of the California Community Colleges. Background Papers. These background papers were developed for the use of the California Commission for the Review of the Master Plan for Higher Education in preparing its report, "The Challenge of Change: A Reassessment of the California Community Colleges." Section 1 provides an introduction to the role of California's community colleges in its postsecondary education system and the legislative support for that system. Section 2 offers information on California's current socioeconomic and demographic composition, including data on the socioeconomic characteristics of the community college student population. Section 3 considers factors related to access and success, such as the changing definition of access, tensions created by demands for "competitive excellence" and "egalitarianism," recent legislation, and a proposed new strategy. Section 4 focuses on the mission and functions of California's community colleges, while section 5 looks at the community college faculty…

Lara, Olga; Murphy, Brian (1986). Community College Reform. Draft Outline. This report from the California State Legislature's Joint Committee for Review of the Master Plan for Higher Education presents proposals and recommendations regarding the future of the state's community colleges. Section I introduces the major demographic, social, and economic challenges facing the California community colleges over the next two decades, and states the intention of subsequent proposals with respect to strengthening the colleges' capacities to meet the emerging needs of the state. Section II offers recommendations to ensure that students have opportunities for access and success at the community college through adequate assessment, counseling, and placement. Section III reviews the primary goals of the community college, including recommendations for strengthening transfer education, vocational education, and transitional education (i.e., remedial education, English as a second language instruction, and noncredit adult education). Section IV focuses on faculty,…

Anderson, Bill; Farland, Ronnald (1988). Apprenticeship Related and Supplemental Instruction. An overview is provided of apprenticeship programs offered by the California community colleges. First, the report describes apprenticeships, indicating that modern programs include school-based supplemental instruction to ensure that apprentices possess skills and knowledge beyond just the manual tasks related to the occupation that are learned on the job. The next sections of the report explore: (1) the benefits of apprenticeship to employers and employees; (2) California laws regulating apprenticeships; (3) the cooperative nature of the partnership among program sponsors, the State Department of Education, the Chancellor's Office of the California Community Colleges, the California Apprenticeship Council (CAC), and the Division of Apprenticeship Standards (DAS); and (4) the roles played by the DAS, state and local education agencies, employers, the CAC, and program sponsors or joint apprenticeship committees. Next, the report describes the scope of community college…

(1988). Building Communities: A Vision for a New Century. AACJC National Teleconference Live via Satellite (Washington, DC, November 22, 1988). The American Seminar V Teleconference Workbook. In November 1988, the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges (AACJC) conducted an interactive video teleconference via satellite from Washington, D.C., to encourage community college practitioners from across the country to examine the recommendations in the report of the Commission on the Future of Community Colleges, "Building Communities: A Vision for a New Century." This workbook was designed to accompany the teleconference. It includes a conference program, Ernest L. Boyer's overview of the Futures Commission's report, and a checklist that encourages participants to rate their institutions in terms of the Commission's recommendations concerning students, faculty, curriculum, instruction, college campus, community partnerships, leadership, and assessment. In addition, the workbook contains results from a survey of 150 prominent community college leaders who were asked to assign priority to the 63 recommendations made by the Commission. This section lists… [PDF]

Cusick, Theresa (1987). The Heart of Excellence: Equal Opportunities and Educational Reform. PEER Report Number 6. The demographics of American schools are changing. While the actual number of school children has declined, the proportion of minority students, poor students, and students from one parent families has grown steadily. Education must be reformed to address these populations with equity. Strategies which have been adopted, such as more student testing and more teacher evaluation, are not solutions which will help low-achieving students. Concern for female students has waned since the passage of Title IX, but girls and young women are still victims of sex stereotyping, which negatively affects their academic achievement. Recommendations for equity reforms are the following; (1) pass state laws which protect the rights of minorities and guarantee equal opportunities in education; (2) bring community social service agencies, health centers, and recreational programs into the schools; (3) provide on-site day care for parenting students; (4) develop a school-to-work transition for low… [PDF]

Patrick, John J. (1987). The U.S. Constitution. A Teacher's Guide. Six 30-Minute Video Programs for Junior High and High School Students. This teacher's guide was designed to accompany six 30-minute video programs on the fundamental constitutional principles that form this nation's foundation. Each lesson in the guide contains an introduction to the main ideas of the program, a program summary, and suggested activities to carry out before and after the program. The topics emphasized in the series are: (1) limited government and the rule of law; (2) federalism; (3) separation of powers with checks and balances; (4) freedom of expression; (5) equal protection of the laws; and (6) the U.S. Constitution and the economy. Under the principles of limited government and rule of law, government officials cannot behave arbitrarily when enforcing law nor are they above the law. The national and state governments exercise powers separately and within constitutional limits under the principle of federalism. The system of checks and balances ensures a government with powers sufficient to act effectively and limitations sufficient… [PDF]

Christiansen, Richard (1986). Program Review Report on the College of Dentistry, University of Florida. The programs offered by the College of Dentistry at the University of Florida (UF) were reviewed by an outside consultant in order to provide information on the State University System's vision of the college and its mission for Florida, the support base for the program, and current directions and anticipated fiscal and human forces that help shape this health-care delivery system. A 2-day site visit to the Gainsville campus was supplemented by numerous reports submitted for the consultant's assessment. After an introductory review of the state of dental and oral health both nationally and in Florida, the history of the UF program is examined. The review focuses on the following areas: student pool and selection; program considerations (structure, research, clinical care, continuing education, faculty issues, equipment, etc.); oral health needs of the people of Florida; and distribution of the providers. General suggestions are offered regarding such areas as recruitment of minority…

Moore, Kathryn M. (1982). Women and Minorities. Leaders in Transition: A National Study of Higher Education Administrators. Career issues, educational concerns, and the professional, educational, and personal backgrounds of 2,896 senior college administrators were studied, with focus on the status of women and minorities. Women represented 20 percent of the sample; minorities, 8 percent. Women and minorities were largely registrars, librarians, and financial aid directors; men were largely presidents, chief business officers, and registrars. Of the 653 deans, 90 (13.8 percent) were women, and over half of the women deans were in the fields of nursing, home economics, arts and sciences, and continuing education. In addition, 5.5 percent of the deans were minorities. Men were more likely to hold new positions than women, and higher percentages of men held academic rank compared to women; 87.8 percent of male administrators were currently married, and 43.7 percent of the women were. Career mobility issues did not differ significantly for men and women, but slightly higher percentages of minorities and women… [PDF]

(1976). National Apprenticeship and Training Standards for Sign, Display, and Allied Workers Industry. Revised. Intended to provide a uniform pattern for use by employers and labor representatives in setting up and operating effective apprenticeship programs for sign, display, and allied workers, guidelines are listed under the following headings: Definitions, qualifications for apprenticeship, selection of apprentices, term of apprenticeship, related instruction, ratio of apprentices to journeymen, apprentice agreement, probationary period, apprentice wages, veterans allowance, credit for previous experience, basic hours of work for apprentices, supervision of apprentices, consultants, accident prevention, adjusting differences, work experience, and certificate of completion. Guidelines are also provided for adapting the national standards to local use. These include suggestions on formation of a local joint apprenticeship committee, duties of local committees, responsibilities of apprentices, modification of standards, and assistance from cooperating agencies. Federal laws and regulations… [PDF]

Curtin, Bernadette M.; Hecklinger, Fred J. (1981). Federal Employment Process. The Career Life Assessment Skills Series, Booklet Four. A Program to Meet Adult Developmental Needs. The search for a job with the federal government can be a confusing and frustrating experience. The purpose of this booklet is to explain the federal employment system; to simplify the search for a federal job; to assist in the completion of the basic government employment application form, the Personal Qualifications Statement, Standard Form 171 (SF-171); and to offer additional resources for the job search. First, the function of the Office of Personnel Management–the starting point for a federal job search–is explained. Eligibility criteria are then detailed for three of the most common tests used in the federal hiring system: the Clerk Typist Examination; the Junior Federal Assistant Examination; and the Professional and Administrative Career Examination (PACE). After delineating pay scales for federal employees as of October, 1980, the booklet outlines helpful shortcuts for the job applicant. These shortcuts include informational interviewing, keeping abreast of new job…

Muraski, Ed J. (1980). Teaching–How to Get a Job. The need for including job entry application skills training in vocational curricula is pointed to by occasions when \A-students\ fail to compete successfully in the job market and survey results that reveal that 50% of the reasons why employers reject applicants are related to the job application process. These skills, taught by the vocational instructor or by someone with more expertise in personnel management, can be covered in any one of five modes: in a separate class to be conducted in the last half of the spring semester before graduation; in a section or component within an advanced class; in seminars conducted by the college's community services section; as a component of the college's cooperative education, work experience, or placement services; or as a service of the college's career counseling center. Instructional content will depend upon the mode that is used, but should include a hierarchy of skills, including: (1) those which must be stressed, such as tips for… [PDF]

Edwards, Harry T.; Nordin, Virginia Davis (1979). Higher Education and the Law. The proliferation of laws, regulations, and judicial opinions affecting higher education and the nature of the impact of these laws on the academic community are examined. Designed for use by both students and practitioners, the book employs the "case method" design based on the belief that law cases furnish the best sources for study and review of legal developments. Part One, "The College or University As a Legal Entity," discusses the college or university as a legal entity, legal attributes of private universities, the constitutionally autonomous university, and public universities without constitutional status. Part Two, "Faculty Rights," examines academic freedom and related substantive constitutional rights, faculty tenure, and unionization and collective bargaining. Part Three, "Student Rights," examines substantive constitutional rights of students, procedural due process, the contract theory, the student as consumer, and…

Stull, William A. (1978). The Role of the Cooperative Education Director in the Two-Year College. In order to determine the actual and ideal role of the cooperative education director as perceived by the director, immediate supervisors, and faculty, a random sample was drawn from 474 two-year colleges with cooperative education programs. Responses were received from 73 directors (77%), 54 supervisors (84%), and 38 faculty members (66%). The questionnaire asked respondents to rank 44 role behavior activity statements in terms of their actual and ideal importance. In terms of the directors' actual role, it was found that supervisors believed that directors were more involved with recruitment and selection of employers than did directors; and that faculty perceived directors as emphasizing proposal preparation, attendance at meetings and conferences, and student assignment more than directors believed was the case. On 40 of the 44 activity statements, the three groups expressed similar ideas on ideal behavior; however, supervisors would ideally involve directors with employer…

Schlesinger, Sue H.; Steiger, JoAnn M. (1979). Fostering Sex Fairness in Vocational Education: Strategies for Administrators. Information Series No. 147. One of a series of sixteen knowledge transformation papers, this paper gives an overview of sex equity issues and suggests alternative strategies for administrators in vocational education to use in reducing sex segregation and fostering sex fairness. In the first section the nature of the problem is discussed; occupational sex stereotyping and segregation are recognized as major factors. Next, the relevant federal laws are summarized, including Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Pay Act of 1963, Title II of the Education Amendments of 1976, and Executive Order 11246 (1965). The third section deals with a variety of strategies aimed at different aspects of the problem. For students, three areas are identified as targets: (1) recruitment measures to increase nontraditional enrollment, emphasizing career education programs, prevocational programs, and introductory vocational classes; (2) guidance and counseling to improve the… [PDF]

Barber, Joel A. (1975). Survey of Selected Personnel Functions, May 1975. Twenty western and northern districts, 10 larger and 10 smaller than Seattle, were surveyed to determine the degree of responsibility of the Personnel Departments in selected functions in the following areas: (1) Certificated Staff, (2) Classified Staff, (3) Records and Payroll, (4) Salary Administration, and (5) Negotiations. Information was also sought regarding the position of the top personnel administrator and the major personnel problems as perceived by him. The major findings were: (1) the Personnel Departments of the majority of the districts are responsible for the personnel functions of the Certificated and Classified staffs and the Salary Administration; (2) the Payroll processing function is usually the responsibility of the Business Department; (3) negotiations are a separate function but receive input from the Personnel Department; (4) the overall personnel responsibility usually rests with an Assistant Superintendent reporting to the Superintendent or his Deputy; (5)… [PDF]