Solorzano, Daniel G. (1993). The Road to the Doctorate for California's Chicanas and Chicanos: A Study of Ford Foundation Minority Fellows. CPS Report. This report addresses the underrepresentation of Mexican-Americans in the faculties of U.S. universities. During the 11-year period from 1980 to 1990, a total of 91,837 women received doctorates from U.S. universities, and of these, 751 (0.7 percent) were Mexican-Americans. Of the 148,352 men who received doctorates during this period, 1,189 (also 0.7 percent) were Mexican-Americans. Other trends include critical underrepresentation of Mexican-Americans, especially females, in the fields of physical science, engineering, life science, humanities, education, and other professional fields. California undergraduate institutions produced the largest share of Mexican-American students who went on to receive doctorates; within the state, the California State University system produced the largest number of these future doctorates. Sixty-six scholars who were awarded the Ford Foundation Minority Fellowship were interviewed concerning family background and educational experiences…. [PDF]

(1996). Our Nation on the Fault Line: Hispanic American Education. This report responds to an Executive Order that charges the President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans with improving the education of Hispanic Americans through the study of current educational conditions. The study includes an analysis of the current state of Hispanic American educational attainment and points out the serious work that must be done to promote high quality education for Hispanics. Educational attainment for most Hispanic Americans is in a state of crisis. Most agencies lack adequate planning or accountability procedures to gauge the participation of Hispanic Americans, but it is apparent that the disparity in overall achievement between Hispanic Americans and other Americans is large and not lessening appreciably. Specific factors contribute to this educational disparity. Inadequate school funding persists at local, state, and national levels, and bilingualism is treated as a liability rather than as a rich cultural and… [PDF]

(1992). Guidelines for Multicultural School Library Services. A major characteristic of Canadian society has been an increasingly multi-racial, multi-ethnic and multi-linguistic population. It has become evident that there is a critical need for the educational system to respond more effectively and more creatively to the needs of a diverse society. In order to address this issue, the Manitoba government has issued a number of initiatives, one of which is making learning materials available to educators. This publication was developed in keeping with federal and provincial policies, and in recognition of the important function of school library materials and programs in education, and have been produced to assist teacher-librarians and school administrators in evaluating their existing resources, services and programs, and to provide a framework for long-term school library planning. Guidelines are provided in the following areas: (1) planning for a multicultural library collection and program; (2) teaching identification of bias in… [PDF]

Saunders, Mary; And Others (1992). Women in Universities: Survey of the Status of Female Faculty and Students at Canadian Universities. The study of women faculty and students at Canadian Universities reported in this document covered 10 areas of academic life. The study involved two questionnaires, one directed to the President's Office and/or faculty representative and one to students. Responses were received from 55 percent of the 82 President/Faculty questionnaires and 42 student questionnaires were returned from 32 institutions. Findings include the following: (1) lack of child care for faculty and students is a significant problem; (2) much remains to be done to achieve a balance of male/female perspectives and scholarship; (3) half of institutions have initiatives in place to encourage women to pursue non-traditional fields; (4) 50 percent of institutions had a gender-neutral language policy; (5) 91 percent of institutions have sexual harassment policies; (6) campus safety measures vary widely depending on various factors; (7) there is some limited acknowledgement of the differences in career paths between… [PDF]

Scheetz, L. Patrick (1991). Recruiting Trends 1991-92: A Study of Businesses, Industries, and Governmental Agencies Employing New College Graduates. 21st Anniversary Edition. The 21st annual survey of recruiting trends analyzed responses of 464 organizations and businesses employing new college graduates. Of those interviewed, 83.8 precent were businesses, industries, manufacturing organizations, and service sector employers and 16 percent were local, state, and Federal Government agencies and the military services. Among the findings listed in this summary of the 21st annual edition are: a decrease of hiring quotas by 10 percent, with business decreasing the least (1.9 percent) and the military the most (20.7 percent); the stability of the job market jeopardized by the recession; the biggest hiring increases expected in construction and building contractors (up 97 percent); average annual starting salary expected for bachelor's degree graduates in 1991-92 is $27,037; medium availability of jobs expected for most areas of the nation with the exception of the northeast, where a low availability is expected; layoffs have curtailed or sharply reduced hiring… [PDF]

(1990). Educating African American Males: A Dream Deferred. This document presents recommendations of the Milwaukee (Wisconsin) African American Male Task Force (MAAMTF), which reviewed from January through April of 1990 current educational efforts and recommended strategies by which schools could better address African American males' needs. The MAAMTF recommendations are to be implemented in two phases. Phase I focuses on district policy, staff development, and structural variation based on the notion that all students can learn at increasingly higher levels. The following are Phase I recommendations: (1) multicultural curricula; (2) flexible structuring for academic areas; (3) quality after-school, summer, and Saturday programs; (4) enhanced homework policies; (5) staff training and assistance for working with diverse populations; (6) increasing the number of African American teachers, especially males; (7) parent involvement; (8) inservice courses for all staff members on African American history and culture and racism in America; (9)…

Porter, W. Marc; Sanchez, RosaBelia (1991). In Search of a Cosmopolitan Communicator: Codes of Multicultural Diversity Training. Language is not to be considered neutral for it works to establish privileged interpretations of reality that assume the illusion of a shared and natural reality. This study examined how consultants specializing in multicultural organizational interventions construct a particular meaning of "diversity" in their responses to a heterogeneous workforce. Subjects were six human resource development (HRD) consultants selected from three different chapters of the American Society for Training and Development, all between 40 and 50 years old. Individual interviews lasted from 45 to 90 minutes and were audiotaped and later transcribed for textual analysis. W. B. Pearce's conception of a "cosmopolitan communicator" (understanding another by making the other's social reality a part of the communicator's own lived experience) and a semiotic framework were used to analyze the interview data. Results indicated that two primary characters emerged from the texts of diversity… [PDF]

(1990). Faculty Development Policy Guidelines. These guidelines were developed to provide an overview of faculty development issues and concerns. The first section reviews the principles of faculty development, citing the California Postsecondary Education Commission's (CPEC) classification of faculty development activities into the categories of professional, instructional, curriculum, and organizational development. The next section discusses the role of the local academic senate in making recommendations to college administrators and district governing boards pertaining to academic and professional issues and as the steward of faculty development activities. Drawing from the Education Code and guidance from the Chancellor's Office of the California Community Colleges, the next section offers guidelines for faculty and staff development. Legislatively authorized uses of funds are listed, including improvement of teaching; maintenance of current academic and technical knowledge and skills; in-service training for vocational…

McMahon, Barbara; Zylinski, Doris (1990). Comparative Study of Vocational Nursing Curriculum and Employer Requirements. October 1989-September 1990. To create the foundation for the development of a model curriculum for the 1990's for the training of Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN), Napa Valley college conducted a statewide study comparing vocational nursing program curricula with employer requirements. To assist the study, an advisory committee was established, which included practicing nurses, and representatives from nursing programs, care provider agencies, and the licensing board. Through a series of questionnaires, data was collected from employers of vocational nurses (118 questionnaires returned out of 258 sent out), from accredited vocational nursing programs (47 questionnaires returned for a 60.8% response rate), and from currently employed LVN's (56 questionnaires returned for a 25% response rate). Five regional workshops were held in May and June 1990 with 85 nursing educators and administrators attending to validate the data and make recommendations for a model curriculum to meet current service needs, taking into…

Fitzpatrick, Edwin B.; Shingleton, John D. (1985). Dynamics of Placement…How to Develop a Successful Career Planning & Placement Program. This document presents college practitioners with a practical guide for establishing, maintaining, expanding, or revitalizing a contemporary career planning and placement center. The introduction to this guide contains a brief history of career planning and placement. Chapter 1, Career Planning and Placement in the Academic Setting, addresses the issues of constituency representation, position in the academic structure, public relations on campus, placement and the development fund, quantitative program evaluation, and centralized versus decentralized placement. Chapter 2, Career Planning and Placement Functions, discusses placement and counseling, career planning, self-help, employment search, on-campus interviews, credential referral service, workshops, prescreening, confidentiality of student records, and faculty liaison. Chapter 3 includes sections on placement in the disciplines of agriculture, arts and letters, business, communication, education, engineering, human ecology,…

Hawkins, O. Rebecca, Ed. (1987). 1987-92 Master Plan: Prince George's Community College. This annual update of the Prince George's Community College (PGCC) Master Plan represents an effort by the college to provide a framework for meeting the postsecondary educational needs of Prince George's County. Following a brief introduction highlighting PGCC's goal to increase its role in the county's economic development, PGCC's planning process is explained. The next section looks at PGCC's mission; its commitment to academic excellence, open admission, educational access, affordability, program diversity, and county development; and its instructional and support programs. Next, an overview is provided of PGCC's current enrollment situation, including information on the college's market share, enrollment trends, student demographics, goals, attendance patterns, and program choices. The next section considers some of the factors external to the college that will affect its future, including the decline in high school graduates, the trend toward an older county population, county… [PDF]

Cohen, Arthur M. (1984). Hispanic Students and Transfer in the Community College. A discussion is presented of Hispanic community college students and the prospects and problems related to their transfer to four-year institutions and progress toward the baccalaureate degree. First, the question of Hispanic student transfer rates is placed in the context of community college enrollment/transfer patterns in general and Hispanic participation rates at all levels of education. Data are provided reflecting the overall deemphasis of the transfer function in community colleges, the differential progress of Anglo and Hispanic students throughout the educational system, the participation rates of Hispanic students in community college education, and community college graduation rates. In addition, flaws and gaps in the data on transfer and student success are highlighted. Then, problems of and barriers to transfer to four-year institutions by Hispanic students are presented, with focus on the characteristics of community college which mitigate successful transfer for all… [PDF]

Coursen, David; And Others (1989). Two Special Cases: Women and Blacks. Chapter 4 of a revised volume on school leadership, this chapter discusses the relative scarcity of women and blacks in educational administration. After decades of civil rights legislation and women's movement activities, there are fewer women and minority school administrators than there were 35 years ago. Arguing persuasively for educational diversity, the chapter first examines the attitudes and practices impeding both groups' progress. Women have been hampered by sex role stereotyping; negative attitudes of superiors and coworkers; lack of networks and mentors; and school consolidation efforts, which often result in fewer available positions. Although women's representation in administration, especially the principalship, has improved during the 1980s, blacks' representation has increased only slightly. During the 1960s, after the Supreme Court's historic desegregation ruling, the number of black school principals in 13 southern and border states actually dropped over 95… [PDF]

Webb, Melvin W. (1980). Desegregation of Higher Education: A Look at Political and Legal Issues Prior to "Brown v. Board of Education.". The political and legal forces that shaped opinion and government action prior to the Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) are examined, along with constitutional interpretations concerning education and desegregation, federal and state statutes related to desegregation, and cases since Roberts v. City of Boston (1849). Focus is on desegregation of public colleges and universities, with the exception of two notable cases. Roberts v. City of Boston was the first notable case addressing the admission of blacks into white schools and dual systems. The Brown case ruled that the doctrine of separate but equal schools for blacks and whites was unconstitutional; although public elementary and secondary schools felt its immediate impact, it soon severely affected higher education. While at first the provisions of the 14th Amendment for equal protection of the law was applied only to political situations, the court slowly recognized social inequality as…

Young, Darroch F. (1985). Educational Planning in a Changing Environment: A Retrospective of the 1982 Santa Monica College Symposium. In February 1982, a symposium was conducted at Santa Monica College (SMC) to inform the college community about the tumultuous changes which had occurred at the college from 1971 to 1982, and to gain broad-based participation in determining the direction of the college. The symposium also attempted to delineate broad philosophical principles that could guide future problem solving and identify the issues of greatest concern. The symposium not only identified these principles and issues, but also formed a meaningful agenda for the institution. Recommendations included the following: (1) expand student assessment and placement practices to include all students and implement a continuous advisement process; (2) establish a high priority for staff development activities; (3) explore methods for increasing income, as well as for reducing expenditures; (4) maintain the high quality of support services; (5) emphasize departmental participation in overall decision making; (6) determine ways…

Barger, Josephine C.; Barger, Robert N. (1981). The Two Edges of Advisement: Report of a National Survey. The state of academic advisement in postsecondary education was studied through a survey of representatives of 58 colleges and universities and students who were pursuing undergraduate degrees in four-year institutions during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. About 59 percent of the institutions were public, 41 percent were private, and 22 percent had a central advisement program. Only 45 percent of the public students rated their advisement as excellent-to-good, compared to almost 59 percent of the private students. For the three time periods, there was a marked decrease in public student satisfaction with their advisement and a corresponding increase in private student satisfaction. Students in large public universities were considerably less happy with their advisement than were students in small schools. Students viewed themselves as the most helpful resource in making decisions about majors, teachers as the most helpful external resource, and advisors tied with friends as being… [PDF]

Ishler, Richard E. (1981). Educational Retrenchment: A Model for Institutions of Higher Education. Policies and procedures for retrenchment used at Emporia State University, Kansas, are identified to serve as a model for other colleges and the universities. The procedures are as follows: When a formal, institution-wide program of retrenchment appears necessary, the president will inform the faculty senate when such action is to be initiated and the actions that necessitate it. If the faculty senate does not approve the president's decision, the president will inform the Kansas Board of Regents, and all three interests will meet to discuss the matter. The responsibility for the assignment of unclassified positions within the institution, and the documentation that is needed to make such assignments, are addressed. Criteria for withdrawing unclassified positions, or terminating members of the administrative and teaching faculty, include: the ability of the university to accomplish its stated mission and to continue the quality of its programs and services will be maintained in…

Thomas, M. Donald (1981). Pluralism Gone Mad. Fastback 160. This monograph contends that the same ethnic preoccupation that is pervading politics in the United States today is also dangerously affecting our educational system. Specifically, pluralistic demands placed on American schools are moving them away from the historical objectives of unifying, providing a common experience for a diverse population, establishing democratic ideals and devotion to civic duty, and providing basic vocational preparation. Examples of 'pluralism gone mad' (defined as any attempt to introduce, on the basis of social equity, programs that divert the educational process from the democratic goals and principles to which it is historically committed) include separation of curriculum, activities, or services on the basis of race, ethnic background, or sex; bilingual education aimed at supporting a jobs program rather than valid educational purposes; accommodation of the idiosyncratic values and personal behavior of every individual; educational reform based on… [PDF]

Giele, Janet Zollinger (1978). Women and the Future: Changing Sex Roles in Modern America. This book identifies, analyzes, and evaluates the changes in the status of women in government, work, the family, and the cultural system. It is intended for persons interested in any aspect of women's studies or sex roles. American women today have a greater voice in politics than at any earlier point in history. But signs of inequality in actual representation of women's interests are still evident. Women account for less than ten percent of all state legislators and less than five percent of congress. Numerous studies by political scientists show that females are less well informed and less active in politics than men. More women are now engaged in pay work than ever before. Forty eight percent of all women now work for pay. However, there are great sex differences in pay and promotion and husbands are not helping with the housework. Despite advances in recent years, most women today continue to occupy a relatively low rung on the social ladder. To help the sexes realize full…

Borker, Susan R.; Loughlin, Julia (1979). Implications of the Present Economic Position of Middle-Aged Divorced and Widowed Women: Another Generation of the Elderly in Poverty. The paper explores the present economic and social position of over 5,000 middle-aged women (39-53) and examines the relationship of their present status to their future financial security. The women were interviewed six times from 1967 to 1976; black respondents outnumbered whites approximately three to one. Results indicate that while the economic status of women seems to be improving, the poverty of the increasing numbers of female-headed households suggests that this improvement is an illusion. Data indicate that women who are now between 40 and 55 will have serious economic problems as they age. Those who are divorced or widowed have almost complete economic responsibility for their children, and this responsibility limits their ability to accumulate assets. For black women the picture is especially bleak. These women enter the labor force at wages well below those of white women. Also, a larger proportion of black women are widowed or divorced, and the amount they receive in…

Barron, Arleen S. (1975). Assessing Research Needs Related to Education of the Handicapped. Final Report. Four conferences involving key special education personnel were held on research needs related to: 1) career education for the handicapped, 2) education for the severely handicapped, 3) early childhood education for the handicapped, and 4) development of personnel to serve the handicapped. Major concerns of the career education conference were development of skills for leisure time activities as well as work and the need to find and use existing knowledge to develop methodologies and programs. Themes of the conference on education of the severely handicapped included the need for an adequate system of information exchange among researchers and practitioners, the need for research to be directed to the most critical problems and to be nationally coordinated, and the importance of continuous surveillance and longitudinal data collection. Stressed in the conference on early childhood education for the handicapped were the need for improved early diagnosis, appropriate intervention,… [PDF]

McGill, J. T. (1975). Dental Education: Health Education Commission Recommendations for Use in Developing the Illinois Master Plan–Phase IV. While the dental education expansion in Illinois has been notable, some problems remain to be addressed in the last half decade of the 1970's. There is a geographic maldistribution of dentists, with more dentists per capita in the urban areas, particularly Chicago, than in the downstate rural areas. While some progress has been made, considerable growth of ethnic minority enrollments must occur before such students are proportionately represented in the state's dental schools. The expansion of dental education in Illinois undertaken in 1968 will result in substantially more dentists. The increase should maintain and will likely improve Illinois' position among the top 15 states in terms of dentists per capita. In recognition of the substantial increases made to date and some of the dental care problems in Illinois, the following recommendations build upon the progress made to date: The three Chicago-area dental schools should meet their current enrollment projections. The necessary… [PDF]

Hernandez, Rudy; Rochin, Refugio I.; Siles, Marcelo (2001). Latino Youth: Converting Challenges to Opportunities. JSRI Working Paper No. 50. This paper examines demographic and socioeconomic data on the Latino population, focusing on characteristics of Latino youth. The U.S. Hispanic population is growing rapidly, fueled by both immigration and high fertility rates. Although census figures indicate that about 64 percent of Hispanics are of Mexican origin, the Latino population is very diverse in terms of self-identified ethnicity. Younger age groups of Latinos are growing at a disproportionately faster rate than those of other racial groups. Today's Latino youth are the largest minority youth group in the United States and may make up the majority of the workforce when they reach middle age. Although Latinos do not comprise a single, monolithic community, issues that bring them together include maintenance of culture and the Spanish language, family values, immigrant rights, poverty, and work ethic. While Latino males have high labor force participation, their low wages and seasonal employment leave them in poverty…. [PDF]

(1988). Minority Business Development and Economic Development Policy in New York. Implications for Black Entrepreneurs and Communities. Report of the Subcommittee on Economic Development. Volume 5, Economic Development. New York State should develop a comprehensive justification for its involvement in minority business development and each State program should be closely associated with that rationale. Minority business development programs are often short-sighted, potentially conflicting, and yield unimpressive results. Development of Economic Development Zones would assist minority and women-owned businesses and could be essential to the total revitalization of distressed communities. The following specific recommendations are included: (1) purchase a specific proportion of goods and services from minority businesses; (2) implement a uniform system to penalize non-compliance with affirmative action obligations in both construction and purchase contracts; (3) increase participation on an equity basis in minority and women-owned businesses, and encourage participation by the private sector; (4) encourage minority venture capital in the private sector by using creation, establishment, and…

Selby, Holly E. (1983). Exemption 4: Trade Secrets under the Freedom of Information Act. Exemption 4 of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) protects from disclosure by government agencies privileged and confidential trade secrets and commercial or financial information. Based on early Exemption 4 litigation, courts have devised a "substantial competitive harm test" to decide whether requested information should be covered by the exemption. In "Chrysler Corporation v. Brown," which marked a turning point in the issue of access to business information submitted to government agencies, the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) had decided to release information requested about Chrysler's affirmative action plan and other equal opportunity information. The DLA argued that the Trade Secrets Act did not apply to the information requested. Chrysler countered that Congress intended at least some of the FOIA exemptions to be mandatory, and that disclosure was prohibited under the Trade Secrets Act. Although the court ruled that Chrysler did not have a private…

Glass, Gene V., Ed. (2001). Education Policy Analysis Archives, 2001: Numbers 12-22. Education Policy Analysis Archives, v9 n12-22. This document consists of articles 12-22 published in the electronic journal "Educational Policy Analysis Archives" for the year 2001: (12) "Affirmative Action at Work: Performance Audit of Two Minority Graduate Fellowship Programs, Illinois IMGIP and ICEOP" (Jack McKillip); (13) "School Reform Initiatives as Balancing Acts: Policy Variation and Educational Convergence among Japan, Korea, England, and the United States" (Jaekyung Lee); (14) "Conceptualizing the Process of Education Reform from an International Perspective" (Benjamin Levine); (15) "Calculating the Benefits and Costs of For-Profit Public Education" (Alex Molnar); (16) "Wealth Redistribution, Race and Southern Public Schools, 1880-1910" (Kenneth Ng); (17) "Comments on Ng's Wealth Redistribution, Race, and Southern Public Schools, 1880-1910" (Sherman Dorn); (18) "Thinking out of the Box: One University's Experience with Foreign-Trained… [PDF]

(1986). Plan for Minority and Women Business Enterprise Contract Participation and Authorization To Amend Plan. This document outlines procedures for following the Chicago Board of Education procurement policy of providing fair and representative employment and business opportunities for minorities and women to remediate the adverse affects of historically discriminatory and exclusionary practices. These procedures are to be used in awarding contracts for goods and services, encouraging and providing for the greatest participation by business enterprises owned by minorities and women. This plan applies to all contracts funded in whole or in part with Board of Education funds. The document discusses the following: (1) policy; (2) application of the plan; (3) definitions; (4) certification; (5) participation goals; (6) set-asides; (7) credits; (8) demonstration of compliance in bid or proposal documents; (9) waiver and substitution; (10) monitoring of contracts; (11) noncompliance and sanctions; (12) Affirmative Action and technical assistance activities on the part of the Board of Education;… [PDF]

Lemon, Hallie S. (1996). Transcending E-Mail Dissonance: the Mediating Effects of Feminine Rhetoric. Sample excerpts from e-mail discussion used in place of the traditional journal in freshman composition illustrate the fascinating issues raised in this new forum. E-mail allows confrontational statements that would not have been made face-to-face and puts in written form a dialogue for analysis by the entire class. A study concentrated on three women and their responses to an e-mail discussion on affirmative action. When a White male student entered the conversation criticizing Blacks for their abuse of food stamps, a female student called him on his stereotypical generalizations. Her response could be characterized as "subjective knowledge," as defined in "Women's Ways of Knowing." She used empathy to "share the experience that has led a person to an idea." A second female student entered the conversation but did not make use of narrative the way the first female student did. Rather than distrusting logical analysis, "Michelle" seemed to be… [PDF]

Atwater, D. M.; And Others (1986). Navy EEO Labor Market Availability Data for the Early 1990's. Research Report No. 47. This report provides an update to 1992 of the Navy equal employment opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action availability data for each of the 64 local labor markets in which the U.S. Navy employs 250 or more civilian employees. Data are provided for the following nine major occupational categories: engineering and science technicians, scientists and engineers, other professionals, management and administrative personnel, other technicians, clerical occupations, other general schedule occupations, craftsmen and mechanics, and operatives and service workers. Data were collected and analyzed within the framework of the Civilian Occupation Planning Estimates System (COPES). Available labor force (AVAIL) models were used in conjunction with U.S. Census data to examine all persons in the civilian labor force to determine who would consider a specific Navy job an opportunity. The first step in compiling the data was to determine which workers and nonworkers match given Navy jobs with…

(1980). Women Moving Forward: Improving Florida's Economy through Leadership, Power and Influence. Proceedings of the Conference (Orlando, Florida, October 3-4, 1979). Proceedings from a conference entitled "Women Moving Forward: Improving Florida's Economy through Leadership, Power and Influence" are presented. The 1979 statewide conference, which brought together leaders from industry, government, education, and the communities, was designed to promote the social and economic needs of women. Contents include the following: "A Challenge to a State Plan of Action" and "Utilizing the Talents of Women, A Step Forward" (Governor Bob Graham); "Overcoming Institutional Impediments to Affirmative Action" (Charles V. Willie); "The Open System: Opportunity, Power, and Effective Numbers" (Betty Caldwell); "Strategies in the Advancement of Women in Higher Education" (Garry Hays); "Infiltrating the Power Structure" (Gertrude Simmons); "Recognizing and Dealing with Perceived Constraints to Advancement–Self Imposed" (Delores Auzenne); "Recognizing and Dealing with Perceived…