Davies, R. Scott (1989). Disparate Impact Analysis in Subjective Employment Decisions: "Watson v. Fort Worth Bank.". West's Education Law Reporter, v52 n1 p9-18 May 11. The United States Supreme Court decision in "Watson v. Fort Worth Bank" will have a profound effect on the policies that employers follow in hiring, promoting, and terminating employees. This paper examines the "Watson" decision, identifies the problems it creates, and offers advice on how to deal with these problems. (MLF)…

Geber, Beverly (1989). The Limits of HRD. Training, v26 n5 p25-30,32-33 May. Discusses whether intelligence testing belongs in the workplace. Consequences of that decision relate to whether it is better for society to endorse the ascendancy of individuals or whether the rights of disadvantaged groups should take precedence. (JOW)…

Lederman, Douglas (1995). The Special Preferences Are Not Limited to Blacks. Chronicle of Higher Education, v41 n33 pA16-19 Apr 28. The University of Virginia admits proportionately more blacks and children of alumni than other groups. Some other groups also get preferential treatment in admissions: athletes, musicians, artists, applicants from rural areas, children of faculty, female scientists, and other minority group members. (MSE)…

Gilliland, Richard (1992). Leadership, Diversity, and Columbus: A Manifesto for Social Change. Community, Technical, and Junior College Journal, v62 n5 p18-22 Apr-May. Discusses diversity issues related to sensitivity to differences, opportunities afforded by the Columbus quincentenary for discourse on diversity and democracy, and demographic trends. Provides a rationale for promoting leadership diversity. Assesses the current status of women and minorities in public and private leadership. Discusses steps in creating leadership diversity. (DMM)…

Ochs, Nancy G. (1994). The Incidence of Racial Issues in White Counseling Dyads: An Exploratory Survey. Counselor Education and Supervision, v33 n4 p305-13 Jun. Surveyed 244 white counselors to examine whether these counselors were encountering racial concerns with their white clients. Findings revealed that 45% of responding counselors reported white clients raising racial issues relevant to counseling, with 26% reporting white clients with racial concerns as a main counseling issue. (Author/NB)…

Morton, Linda P. (1993). Minority and Female Representation Plans at Accredited Schools. Journalism Educator, v48 n1 p28-36 Spr. Reports on plans of accredited journalism schools to increase minority and female representation on faculty and in the student body, including activities of the plans themselves and how effective the accrediting council judges them to be. (SR)…

Platt, Anthony M. (1998). Entitled: Confessions of a Model Meritocrat. Social Justice, v25 n3 p128-37. Describes the entitlements and privileges received by a British immigrant to the United States on the strength of his perceived white upper-class background. Notes that the \meritocracy\ of the past revered by many writers was, in fact, a system of unequal opportunity based on race, class, and gender. (SLD)…

Ntiri, Daphne W. (2001). Access to Higher Education for Nontraditional Students and Minorities in a Technology-Focused Society. Urban Education, v36 n1 p129-44 Jan. Examines gains in enrollment of women and minorities in higher education, arguing that although access has dramatically improved for women, particularly nontraditional students, this is not true for minorities, especially African Americans. Nontraditional African American women are showing higher rates of participation than their male counterparts. Discusses implications of these issues in a largely urban, computer-based economy. (SM)…

Prendergast, Catherine (2002). The Economy of Literacy: How the Supreme Court Stalled the Civil Rights Movement. Harvard Educational Review, v72 n2 p206-29 Sum. Analyzes three landmark Supreme Court cases in which the value of literacy and the reality of racial discrimination were contested. Concludes that there is an ideology in which the economy of literacy is regarded as white property and argues that these court decisions have stalled the civil rights movement. (Contains 59 references.) (SK)…

Leonardi, Daniel C. (2001). Race-Conscious Admissions in Higher Education. Journal of College and University Law, v28 n1 p153-232. Reviews major legal decisions on the constitutionality of race-conscious admissions in higher education and addresses non-race-conscious methods of increasing minority enrollment. Concludes with a discussion of how policy makers who choose to implement race-conscious admissions can maximize the likelihood of the admissions system passing constitutional muster. (EV)…

Brooks, F. Erik (2004). Legal and Policy Issues: Removing the Residue of Past Segregation in Higher Education. Journal of Negro Education, v73 n3 p350-364 Sum. The impact of the Knight v. Alabama ruling by looking at undergraduate student demographic data for historically African American Alabama A&M University and Alabama State University and traditionally American Auburn University and the University of Alabama is discussed. To eradicate the remaining residue of discrimination and segregation, the court mandated that Alabama engage in affirmative efforts to do the same….

(2007). Strategic Plan to Ensure Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Connecticut Public Higher Education, 2007. Annual Report. Connecticut Department of Higher Education (NJ1) Increasing the participation of minority groups at public colleges and universities is a longstanding goal of the Board of Governors for Higher Education, as first outlined in its 1983 "Strategic Plan to Ensure Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Connecticut Public Higher Education." The minority groups defined by the plan are: Hispanic/Latino, African American, Asian American and Native American–listed in order of their current proportional presence in the state's population. Since enactment of the "Strategic Plan", students attending and graduating from Connecticut's public colleges and universities have become more racially and ethnically diverse and 2006 continues a trend of year-to-year incremental progress. The number of minority group members among both enrolled students and degree recipients at the undergraduate level reached record levels. There has also been a steady increase in the number of minority group members employed as professionals at public… [PDF]

Scott, Michael (2006). Serving the Underserved. Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, v23 n19 p32-35 Nov. Efforts to expand diversity in the health professions has received a boost from a prominent member of Congress. U.S. Senator Bill Frist, R-Tennessee, recently introduced a bill to amend the Public Health Service Act as part of a comprehensive initiative to improve the health of minority and other underserved populations. This bill, which is being co-sponsored by Democratic Senators Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, Barack Obama of Illinois and Jeff Bingaman of New Mexico, would include funding for the country's colleges and universities to recruit, train and retain minority students in the health professions. The proposed amendment comes on the heels of two studies documenting the barriers colleges and universities face in advancing health career opportunities for under-represented populations. Groundbreaking reports published by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies and the Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce examine the low levels of minority… [Direct]

Aiex, Nola Kortner (1998). The Humanities Today. This paper discusses several of the many books and articles which have appeared during the past decade which chronicle the supposedly precarious state of the humanities in higher education. The paper focuses on the first book, the surprise best seller, "The Closing of the American Mind," written by Allan Bloom in 1987 and especially on a new book written in 1997 by John N. Ellis, "Literature Lost: Social Agendas and the Corruption of the Humanities." The paper contends that in making their analyses these academic authors ignore any events which occur outside the university campus and that they also ignore the real reasons for the changing nature of humanities education in the United States. Contains 7 references. (Author)… [PDF]

Reynolds, Wm. Bradford (1983). [Civil Rights Goals for the Year 2000 and the Means for Achieving Them.]. Today, the United States stands at a critical crossroad with regard to civil rights; the choice is between an officially colorblind society and a government-supported, race-conscious one. The purpose of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments was to end a discriminatory system and to erect in its place a regime of race neutrality. In 1896, the separate-but-equal doctrine of \Plessy\ turned back the clock, and it was not until \Brown v. Board of Education\ (1954) that the Supreme Court acknowledged that race neutrality is required by the Equal Protection Clause. Judicial decisions and civil rights legislation of the late 1950s and the 1960s all endorsed the principle of race neutrality. Today, however, there are those who reject this principle in favor of preferential treatment for all members of the previously disadvantaged racial group. Such a system defeats the very purpose it intends to serve, for race-based preferences cut against the grain of equal opportunity, and in the process… [PDF]

(1986). Women in the Work Force: Supreme Court Issues. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, Second Session. This U.S. Congressional hearing, chaired by Representative Matthew G. Martinez (California), focuses on women in the work force. Issues, such as equal participation, pay, and advancement, along with sex discrimination and sexual harassment, are addressed. Testimony and written statements were presented by representatives from District of Columbia based institutions and organizations. Those representatives who gave speeches included: (1) Sarah E. Burns, Assistant Director, Georgetown University Law Center, Sex Discrimination Clinic; (2) Lorence Kessler, Attorney McGuiness & Williams; (3) Jill Emery, Acting Director, Women's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor; (4) Nancy Krieter, Research Director, Women Employed Institute; (5) Marcia D. Greenberger, Managing Attorney, National Women's Law Center; (6) Cynthia Marano, Executive Director, Wider Opportunities for Women; and (7) Claudia Withers, Staff Attorney, Women's Legal Defense Fund. Written statements were also provided by: (1)… [PDF]

Linthicum, Dorothy S. (1989). The Dry Pipeline: Increasing the Flow of Minority Faculty. This paper underscores the importance of increasing the number of minority faculty at community colleges, cites examples of programs currently being conducted to achieve this objective, and suggests actions to be taken by community leaders and educators. Section I reviews reasons for concern about achieving a significant presence of minority faculty on two-year college campuses and considers demographic and economic trends that make it imperative that educational opportunities for minorities be expanded. Section II examines the numbers, percentages, and positions of minority faculty employed in higher education, indicating that, in 1985, 90% of the full-time faculty were White, 4% were Black, 4% were Asian, 2% were Hispanic, and less than 1% were Native American. Section III reviews statistics on the participation of minorities in higher education, indicating that between 1976 and 1986, there was an almost 5% decline in the percentage of Black youth and over a 6% decline in the… [PDF]

Rookstool, Carol (1984). A Study of the Responses of the Nine Campuses of the Los Angeles Community College District to the California Community Colleges Campus Self-Assessment Sex Equity Survey, 1982-83. A study was conducted to summarize the numerical and narrative data available from the Los Angeles Community College District (LACCD) responses to the "California Community Colleges Campus Self-Assessment Sex Equity Survey of 1983" regarding the district's progress toward achieving 29 sex equity goals mandated by federal and state guidelines. The study sought to provide the LACCD and its nine campuses with: (1) district and campus summaries of progress on the designated goals; (2) a district comparison to statewide progress on the goals; (3) identification of individuals responsible for goal achievement, special resources, and requests for technical assistance within the LACCD; and (4) recommendations for planning within the district. The study found that the LACCD was making progress at a rate equal to or better than the statewide achievement on 18 of the 29 goals; that 21 requests were made for technical assistance; and that among the colleges in the district the number…

Bergmann, Barbara R. (1978). Labor Market Data Needs Relating to Antidiscrimination Activities. Project on the Economics of Discrimination. The utilization of data in combatting employment discrimination against women and minorities is reviewed in this paper. Suggestions are made for changes which would allow better use of data in formulating national policy and in enforcing the laws and executive orders against discrimination. For purposes of overall policy formation, emphasis is put on providing better information for Hispanics, and in reforming labor turnover data so that they are more revealing of the extent to which discrimination continues. Changes are suggested in the way employment and unemployment data are collected and published, in order to remove biases which minimize the problems of discriminated-against groups. With respect to data collected by the agencies charged with enforcement of anti-discrimination laws and executive orders, it is suggested that there be a shift of emphasis from the collection of data on stocks (numbers of employed) to data on flows (numbers of hires, promotions, separations) by…

(1977). California Women. Special Edition: Title IX. Title IX addresses itself to the elimination of sex discrimination in many of the major areas of education: curriculum, counseling, athletics, extracurricular activities, employee benefits, staffing, and so forth. Primary responsibility for the enforcement of Title IX rests with the Office of Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW). However, each school district, college, and university has the responsibility of developing specific implementation plans. The California Commission on the Status of Women has formed a statewide Title IX Task Force with members representing many city, county, and community commissions on the status of women. The task force is monitoring the implementation of Title IX throughout the state and is providing information to the public on its findings. Reports from some of the task force members are included in this bulletin. Listings of California laws that reinforce and strengthen Title IX, and of federally-funded programs…

Bowie, Nolan A.; Whitehead, John W. (1976). A Study of the Federal Communications Commission's Equal Employment Opportunity Regulation–An Agency in Search of a Standard. This study examines the performance of the Federal Courts and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in monitoring the efforts of broadcasters to guarantee equal employment opportunity, focusing on the use of employment statistics as an indication of effective equal-employment practices. Sections of the study include: court decisions interpreting the FCC's use of employment statistics in renewal proceedings; the FCC's practice in dealing with employment-discrimination allegations before and after the court decisions; Federal Court standards for use of statistics in cases under the 1964 Civil Rights Act; a proposal for use of statistics by the FCC in court cases on employment discrimination; and conclusions of the study that urge more action by the FCC to insure equal employment opportunity in the broadcast industry. Data collected and analyzed in this study appear in appendixes to the text. (RL)…

(1975). Elimination of Sex Discrimination in Athletic Programs. Memorandum to Chief State School Officers, Superintendents of Local Educational Agencies and College and University Presidents. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and the Departmental Regulation (45 CFR Part 86) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in the operation of most federally-assisted education programs. This document provides guidance with respect to the major first-year responsibilities of an educational institution to insure equal opportunity in the operation of both its athletic activities and its athletic scholarship programs. Discussed is: (1) discrimination on the basis of sex in the operation of any interscholastic, intercollegiate club of intramural athletic program offered by an educational institution; (2) equal opportunity in the provision of athletic scholarships; (3) the requirement that by July 21, 1976 educational institutions evaluate and correct current policies and practices. Also discussed is the need to include in an institutional self-evaluation: (1) a comparison of the requirements of the regulation with current policies; (2) a determination of the interests of… [PDF]

Ravenell, Mildred W. (1978). Issues in Admissions after Bakke. Journal of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, v23 n1 p12-16 Dec. The author was a member of the joint committee on behalf of the American Council on Education and the Association of American Law Schools, which prepared an interpretive working document on the Bakke decision. This paper was presented at the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, Bal Harbour, Florida, 1978. (Author)…

Sharrow, Conrad (1978). Legal Technicalities and Interpretation of the Bakke Decision. Journal of the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, v23 n1 p17-19 Dec. This paper clarifies several questions regarding the Bakke Decision. It was presented at the special Bakke panel session at the National Association of College Admissions Counselors, Bal Harbour, Florida, 1978. (Author/HMV)…

Fraser, Robert T. (1978). Rehabilitation Job Placement Research. A Trend Perspective. Rehabilitation Literature, v39 n9 p258-64 Sep. The article presents an overview of recent research in the area of rehabilitation job placement for the handicapped. (DLS)…

Roos, Peter D. (1978). Bakke: Some Views. Expansion or Destruction?. Civil Rights Digest, 10, 4, 17-9, Sum 78. This article examines two questions regarding the Bakke decision. First, does the decision really say "yes" to race and "no" to quotas? Second, what criteria, in addition to race, may be used in an admissions program that will advance the cause of minority participation in higher education? (Author/MC)…

Fredericks, Albert G. (1975). Civil Rights–Employment Discrimination–Preferential Minority Treatment as an Appropriate Remedy under Section 703(j) of Title VII. Tennessee Law Review, 42, 2, 397-405, Win 75. Reviews court decisions under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in which, despite Section 703(j), preferential remedial action implemented through numerical formulas is prescribed to improve minority employment opportunities. Concludes the pattern will continue until Congress or the Supreme Court clarifies the subject of preferential minority treatment. (JT)…

Sheeran, Timothy J. (1976). Title VII and Layoffs Under the "Last Hired, First Fired" Seniority Rule: The Preservation of Equal Employment. Case Western Reserve Law Review, 26, 2, 409-82, Win 76. "Last hired, first fired" layoffs threaten gains made by women and minorities in equal employment opportunity under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The author reviews and analyzes legislative and judicial history of Title VII and concludes that, contrary to recent cases, the courts have the power and duty to preserve these gains even in hard times. (Editor/JT)…

Goodman, Carl F. (1977). Equal Employment Opportunity: Preferential Quotas and Unrepresented Third Parties. Public Personnel Management, 6, 6, 371-97, Nov-Dec 77. Considers implications of hiring quotas and examines whether the courts may properly order preferential employment plans where the beneficiaries have not shown particularized injury from discrimination and where individuals disadvantaged by the plans are not represented in court. (Author)…

DiPrete, Thomas A. (1987). The Professionalization of Administration and Equal Employment Opportunity in the U.S. Federal Government. American Journal of Sociology, v93 n1 p119-40 Jul. The results of a statistical analysis of personnel outcomes for 15 federal government agencies showed that upward mobility for women and minorities increased as a result of special programs established to counter trends toward increasing professionalization within the government. (JDH)…