(2005). Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 51, Number 18, January 7, 2005. Chronicle of Higher Education, v51 n18 Jan. "Chronicle of Higher Education" presents an abundant source of news and information for college and university faculty members and administrators. This January 7, 2005 issue of "Chronicle of Higher Education" includes the following articles: (1) "College Presidents Must Take Charge of College Sports" (Cowen, Scott S.); (2) "Colleges Need to Give Students Intensive Care" (Shelley, Phillip H.); (3) "A Hollow Victory at the Expense of Our Military" (Bashman, Howard J.); (4) "Striking down the Solomon Amendment on Military Recruiting: A Blow for Academic Freedom" (Mach, Daniel); (5) "Information Literacy Makes All the Wrong Assumptions" (Wilder, Stanley); (6) "An Unsettled Forecast for Global Warming" (Scully, Malcolm G.); (7) "Don Quixote at 400: Still Conquering Hearts" (Stavans, Ilan); (8) "From a Colonial Past to a New Multiculturalism" (Gilroy, Paul); (9) "The Humanities for…

(2004). Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 50, Number 30, April 2, 2004. Chronicle of Higher Education, v50 n30 Apr. "Chronicle of Higher Education" presents an abundant source of news and information for college and university faculty members and administrators. This April 2, 2004 issue of "Chronicle for Higher Education" includes the following articles: (1) "Black Colleges and the Politics of Race" (Samuels, Albert L.); (2) "The First Step on a Long March" (Kluger Richard); (3) "Do You Know What It Means to Find Peace in Queens?" (Monaghan, Peter); (4) "A Fascist Philosopher Helps Us Understand Contemporary Politics" (Wolfe, Alan); (5) "Who Should Pay the Bill for a Private Education?" (Blaney, Dorothy); (6) "Business Curricula Should Integrate Liberal-Arts and Vocational Skills" (Sharpe, Norean Radke; Prichett, Gordon D.); (7) "Now Is the Time to Start Studying the Internet Age" (Cole, Jeffrey); (8) "Thwarting Misbehavior in the Classroom" (Perlmutter, David D.); (9) "The Real Lessons of a… [Direct]

Cokley, Kevin; Jones, Leonie; Moran-Jackson, Karen; Obaseki, Victor; Vohra-Gupta, Shetal (2016). College Access Improves for Black Students but for Which Ones?. Phi Delta Kappan, v97 n5 p43-48 Feb. The challenges for increasing opportunities and college access for black students typically focus on the traditional barriers related to academic preparation, the racial gap in standardized test scores, and dropping out of high school. While these challenges remain, new and emerging challenges to college access are also important to discuss. They involve taking a closer look at the diversity and heterogeneity within the black population as well as closely examining the push to make state schools more elite…. [Direct]

Savas, Gokhan (2014). Understanding Critical Race Theory as a Framework in Higher Educational Research. British Journal of Sociology of Education, v35 n4 p506-522. This paper reviews the existing literature to discuss how critical race theory has been applied as a theoretical framework to higher educational research in the United States and what its contributions are. To provide necessary context, I will discuss race and racism in the United States, the background of US higher education in relation to race, the emergence of critical race theory and its application in US higher education…. [Direct]

Austin, Ashley; Craig, Shelley L.; McInroy, Lauren B. (2016). Toward Transgender Affirmative Social Work Education. Journal of Social Work Education, v52 n3 p297-310. Social work has professional and academic standards consistent with transgender affirmative education and practice. Nevertheless, a growing body of research suggests that transgender issues are largely absent from social work education, resulting in practitioners who are uninformed or biased against transgender issues. The present study expands the literature through a mixed methods study exploring perceptions of transgender issues in social work education from the perspectives of transgender social work students (n = 97). Quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal barriers to transgender affirmative social work education including (1) transphobic microaggressions within classroom and field settings, (2) the absence of transgender specific education and expertise, and (3) the general lack of visibility of transgender issues. Recommendations for transgender affirmative social work education are provided…. [Direct]

(2021). Freedom to Learn: Amending the Higher Education Act. Policy Proposal. National Association of Scholars The National Association of Scholars believes that higher education should gather scholars and students to cultivate excellence and pursue the truth, transmit the heritage of Western civilization to a new generation, prepare cultured and virtuous citizens, and train students for vocational success. American colleges and universities should embody academic excellence and foster it in their students. Institutions of higher education should strive to make their classes affordable, so as to make higher education accessible for any qualified student. This policy guide provides a guideline of 40 detailed suggestions for legislative reforms. These initiatives, if enacted by Congress, would encourage reform of America's costly, politicized, and dysfunctional system of higher education. The report is comprised of the following sections: (1) Finances; (2) Rights; (3) America; (4) Equality; (5) Regulatory Reform; and (6) Additional Proposals…. [PDF]

Flintoff, Anne; Prat, Maria; Puig, N√∫ria; Soler, Susanna (2017). Implementing Gender Equity Policies in a University Sport Organization: Competing Discourses from Enthusiasm to Resistance. Quest, v69 n2 p276-289. Gender policies in sports have expanded considerably in most countries in recent decades. Nevertheless, the implementation of these policies in sports organizations is by no means an automatic process. This article explores what happens when gender equity policies are applied in an university sports organization. Participatory action research over a four-year period was developed by the authors to increase the participation of women, and it also aimed to explore the perceptions and thoughts of key actors regarding equity actions. The analysis shows the participation numbers in the specific promotional campaign and reveals a wide range of responses among staff, ranging from enthusiasm and interest to resistance and fear. Gender equity actions often encounter resistance which cannot, and should not, be ignored. This article highlights certain forms of resistance that proposals of this kind should be prepared for…. [Direct]

(1998). Legal Rights in Education: Pendulum Swings. Papers [of the] Education Law Association (ELA) Annual Conference (44th, Charleston, South Carolina, November 19-21, 1998). This document is a collection of 32 1998 Education Law Association conference papers. The collection includes the following papers: "The More We Change: Meeting the Requirements of Unitary Status" (Angela M. Sewall and Ann E. Witcher); "Everything You Need To Know about Discipline of Students with Disabilities" (David T. Duff, Allan Osborne, Jr., and Perry A. Zirkel); "Law and Practice: The Testing and Assessment of Students with Disabilities" (Diana Pullin); "Mediation in Education: Annual Update" (Steven S. Goldberg and Ed Mills); "Trying To Read the Courts on Religion in the Schools: Mapping Our Way into the New Millennium" (Frances R. A. Paterson); "E-Mail and Open Meeting Laws" (Thomas Carroll and C. Robert Heath); "The Law Governing Sexual Harassment in Public Schools" (Nelda Cambron-McCabe, Martha McCarthy, Julie Underwoood, and L. Dean Webb); "Student Suicide: Legal Ramifications for Educators and…

(2018). State of Higher Education for Latinx in California. Campaign for College Opportunity The State of Higher Education in California is a series of reports by the Campaign for College Opportunity that provide comprehensive data on the current state of college access and completion for our state and what it means for our economy. This report analyzes the state of Latinx in California education. Specifically, this report reviews preparation, enrollment, and success in college for Latinx Californians. It also recommends actions that our policymakers and college leaders can take in order to improve college enrollment and graduation rates. This report on Latinx is the first in the 2018-19 State of Higher Education in California series. [Additional funding for this report was provided by the Mayer & Morris Kaplan Family Foundation.]… [PDF]

Erwin, Ben; Thomsen, Jennifer (2021). Addressing Inequities in Higher Education. Policy Guide. Education Commission of the States Although diversity in higher education has continued to increase over the past 20 years, colleges and universities continue to enroll Black, Latinx and American Indian students in bachelor's programs at low rates; additionally, more selective institutions and high-demand fields of study are less likely to enroll these students, and they often are not afforded the supports and services that can help them finish college or obtain a degree. These disparities have a significant impact on the long-term employment outcomes for students, and they maintain a racial and ethnic wealth gap — both problematic scenarios for state policymakers looking to build a prepared workforce and resilient economy. This Policy Guide explores various types of barriers that these students face in: (1) College readiness. This includes inadequate access to advanced coursework, counseling and financial aid resources that prepare students for college or university; (2) Transitions to college. Black, Latinx and… [PDF]

Descamps, Jorge; Hernandez, Norma G. (1986). Involving Mexican Americans in Higher Education: An Untapped Potential. A review of over 500 research studies identified 3 factors influencing the ability of Mexican American students to profit from the instruction currently available in United States colleges and universities: (1) a different language; (2) a different economic situation; and (3) a different response to social and personal interactions. Based on these factors, recommendations can be made for changing universities into pluralistic institutions. Institutions must implement an affirmative plan of action that insures equal education. Every effort must be made to provide financial assistance to capable Mexican American students. Cultural and linguistic values held by Mexican Americans should be positively reflected in the educational environment. A climate characterized by warm, personalized interactions with special attention given to the learning style of Mexican Americans must permeate the institution. A strong assistance program must help the districts decrease the underachievement of…

Ota, Akiko; Smith, Michael J. (2013). Matching International Enthusiasm with Diversity Commitment. Journal of College Admission, n218 p16-21 Win. It will come as no surprise to most admission professionals that enrollment pressures related to the economic downturn of the last five years have placed American postsecondary education in the middle of a spinning plate, slipping and sliding as it tries to accommodate more students with fewer financial resources from federal and state governments, as well as the challenge [PDF]

Maramba, Dina C.; Sul√®, V. Thandi; Winkle-Wagner, Rachelle (2014). When Race Disappears: College Admissions Policy Discourse in the State of Texas. Educational Policy, v28 n4 p516-546 Jul. What happens to race in public discussions about "race-neutral" college admissions policies? This article shows how race disappeared from elite political debate during hearings on Texas Senate Bill 175 (2009), the Top Ten Percent Plan (the Plan), which guaranteed college admissions to high school graduates from the top 10% of their classes. Findings indicated that race disappeared from the discussion of college admissions policy in Texas. Instead, policy makers emphasized students' opportunity to compete for college admissions ignoring that the opportunities for and impediments to success at different high schools varied widely across the state. The implication of these findings is that as policy becomes race neutral, discourse also becomes "colorblind" potentially disguising structural and secondary school inequalities…. [Direct]

Chan, Adrian (1980). A Self-Help Alternative in Student Legal Services Clinics. National surveys reveal that citizens of all age groups, from school age to adult, are ignorant about the law and its practical use in daily life. The advocate counseling model is an integrative approach combining the elements of legal research and therapeutic counseling in order to teach and guide individuals or groups with institutional problems to act as advocate for themselves affirmatively and assertively. Teaching clients to gain maximum control over their lives is the central goal of the model which utilizes certain aspects of therapeutic counseling, including empathy, problem-solving techniques, decision-making strategies, and provision of an atmosphere of affirmative and assertive actions. As clients develop their self-esteem through this process, they are taught the legal research aspect, i.e., the organization of facts and the documentation of incidents with institutions and their personnel who have caused them grief or injury. Assumptions from therapeutic and advocate…

Garces, Liliana M. (2014). Aligning Diversity, Quality, and Equity: The Implications of Legal and Public Policy Developments for Promoting Racial Diversity in Graduate Studies. American Journal of Education, v120 n4 p457-480 Aug. Diversity today is considered central to the capacity of postsecondary institutions to thrive in an increasingly multiracial and multiethnic society. However, as universities take steps to reap the educational benefits of racial and ethnic diversity, legal decisions and state laws increasingly restrict the tools these institutions have historically implemented to further this goal. This article provides an overview of these legal and public policy developments and considers their implications for future policies aimed at achieving racial and ethnic diversity in graduate studies. The author emphasizes the need for institutions to reframe the ways concepts of diversity, equity, and quality are perceived and enacted through admissions policies…. [Direct]

Martinez, Aja Y. (2013). Critical Race Theory Counterstory as Allegory: A Rhetorical Trope to Raise Awareness about Arizona's Ban on Ethnic Studies. Across the Disciplines, v10 n3 Aug. he critical race counterstory in this essay takes on the form of allegory to raise awareness about Arizona's anti-immigrant/Mexican climate, and pays particular attention to legislation targeted at Tucson Unified School District's Mexican American studies (also RAZA studies) program…. [Direct]

Caro-Cabrera, Manuel Jes√∫s; Jim√©nez-Rodrigo, Mar√≠a Luisa; R√≠o-Ruiz, Manuel √Ångel (2015). The Shifting Financial Aid System in Spanish University: Grant-Recipients' Experiences and Strategies. Critical Studies in Education, v56 n3 p332-350. In 2012 Spain inaugurated a reform of its higher education financial aid system inspired by three principles: cost-sharing, increasing academic performance and school efficiency. This reform has shifted the aim of the system from equality of access to a type of meritocracy that can be defined as class-biased, as it is only applied to low-income students who require scholarships to fund their university education. After contextualizing this changing Spanish financial aid system, the life-experiences of grant-holders are discussed, based on in-depth interviews with scholarship recipients. Our analysis shows how the hardships and constraints that these low-income students endure during their university education have been toughened after the reform. The paper concludes that the reform increases and naturalizes the social inequalities that traditionally exist between youths of different social classes when planning, accessing and staying in university, as the critical sociology of… [Direct]

Black, Sandra E.; Cortes, Kalena E.; Lincove, Jane Arnold (2016). Efficacy versus Equity: What Happens When States Tinker With College Admissions in a Race-Blind Era?. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, v38 n2 p336-363 Jun. We investigate the efficacy and equity of college admissions criteria by estimating the effect of multiple measures of college readiness on college performance in the context of race-blind automatic admissions policies. We take advantage of a unique institutional feature of the Texas higher education system to control for selection into admissions. We find that SAT/ACT scores, high school exit exams, and advanced coursework are all predictors of student success in college. However, when we simulate changes in college enrollment and outcomes with additional admissions criteria, we find that adding SAT/ACT or exit exam criteria to an existing rank-based admissions policy significantly decreases enrollment among minorities, low-income students, and students who attend low socioeconomic status high schools, with the most negative effects generated by the SAT/ACT, while inducing only minimal gains in college grade point average and 4-year graduation rates…. [Direct]

Douglass, John Aubrey (2014). International Berkeley: Enrolling International Students Yesterday and Today, Debates on the Benefits of Multicultural Diversity, and Macro Questions on Access and Equity. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.3.14. Center for Studies in Higher Education The argument that cultural and other forms of diversity enhance the educational experience of all students is generally associated with post-1960 efforts to expand the presence of disadvantaged groups on the campuses of America's universities and colleges. Yet, in the case of UC Berkeley, arguments on the merits of cultural diversity have much earlier roots in the historical enrollment of international students. Debates in the late 1800s and early twentieth century revolved around the appropriateness of enrolling foreign students, particularly those from Asia. The result was an important intellectual discussion on the merits of diversity that was eventually reframed to focus largely on underrepresented domestic students. In this short essay, I discuss how the notion of diversity, and its educational benefits, first emerged as a value at UC Berkeley. I then briefly discuss the significant increase of international students at UC Berkeley and other public universities. Thus far, the… [PDF]

Kahlenberg, Richard D. (2013). How Much Do You Pay for College?. Chronicle of Higher Education, Feb. At Middlebury College–and on campuses throughout the country–class is coming out of the closet. Long hidden from view, economic status is emerging from the shadows, as once-taboo discussions are taking shape. The growing economic divide in America, and on American campuses, has given rise to new student organizations, and new dialogues, focused on raising awareness of class issues–and proposing solutions. With the U.S. Supreme Court likely to curtail the consideration of race in college admissions this year, the role of economic disadvantage as a basis for preferences could further raise the salience of class. Today's young people have grown up in a world unlike that of their parents. Class inequality has taken on much greater salience than racial inequality. Today's youth didn't grow up seeing fire hoses being trained on peaceful civil-rights demonstrators. Instead they have grown up in a country where racism continues to exist, but where voters elected and then re-elected a… [Direct]

Baker, Rachel; Klasik, Daniel; Reardon, Sean F. (2016). Race and Stratification in College Enrollment over Time. CEPA Working Paper No. 16-14. Stanford Center for Education Policy Analysis In this study we examine trends in segregation by race and ethnicity in higher education from 1985 to 2013. We have three key findings. Over the past 30 years, students from different groups have attended college at increasingly similar rates; gaps are decreasing. But these decreases have been driven largely by large increases in minority student enrollment at non-degree granting and two-year colleges. Once we condition on attendance at a degree granting school, we see "increasing" gaps over time. Finally, among only four-year colleges, attendance has been tilted in favor of White students and been relatively unchanged for nearly 30 years. The only exception to this has been for the very few minority students who are able to enroll at the most selective institutions…. [PDF] [Direct]

Ward, Kelly Marie; Zarate, Maria Estela (2015). The Influence of Campus Racial Climate on Graduate Student Attitudes about the Benefits of Diversity. Review of Higher Education, v38 n4 p589-617 Sum. This paper examines the relationship between campus racial climate and graduate student attitudes about the benefits of diversity. Grounded in the campus racial climate frameworks proposed by Hurtado, Carter, and Kardia (1998) and Milem, Chang, and Antonio (2005), the authors build a case for documenting how student attitudes about diversity may be influenced by campus environments. Multi-level regression analysis is applied to data from a climate survey administered to graduate students (N = 1052) at a large, public, research-based university. Findings support the authors' hypothesis, that campus racial climate influences student attitudes about the benefits of diversity…. [Direct]

Bloe, Diasmer (2015). Students at the Margins and the Institutions That Serve Them: A Global Perspective. Salzburg Global Seminar Session 537 (Salzburg, Austria, October 11-16, 2014). A Special Policy Notes, Spring 2015. Educational Testing Service In partnership with Educational Testing Service (ETS) and the Center for Minority Serving Institutions at the University of Pennsylvania's Graduate School of Education, Salzburg Global Seminar hosted an international strategic dialogue of 60 thought leaders, researchers, and practitioners from institutions serving marginalized populations to develop a platform for on-going dialogue, problem solving and solutions to common challenges. The program–"Students at the Margins and the Institutions that Serve Them: A Global Perspective"–was held October 11 to 16, 2014 at Schloss Leopoldskron in Salzburg, Austria and builds on Salzburg Global's track record of programs delivering on educational equity, quality and innovation. Program participants represented 19 countries and all regions of the world and engaged in five interactive days of issue framing, dialogue and strategic synthesis of global research, policy and expertise, and together assembled various frameworks for action…. [PDF]

Engerrand, Kenneth G.; Peters, Scott J. (2016). Equity and Excellence: Proactive Efforts in the Identification of Underrepresented Students for Gifted and Talented Services. Gifted Child Quarterly, v60 n3 p159-171 Jul. The identification of gifted and talented students and the accompanying fact that most identification systems result in the underrepresentation of students from African American, Hispanic, Native American, English language learning, and low-income families are two of the most discussed and hotly debated topics in the field. This article provides an overview of past efforts to mitigate inequity in both K-12 and higher education program identification, highlights successes and limitations, and presents a particular perspective in order to help facilitate broader thinking about the purpose of identification, the development of talent, and how academic excellence can be fostered while simultaneously increasing equity in gifted education…. [Direct]

Jackson, Regine; Sweeney, Kathryn; Welcher, Adria (2014). It Just Happens: Colorblind Ideology and Undergraduate Explanations of Racial Interaction on Campus. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, v9 n3 p191-208 Nov. This article examines student perceptions of racial segregation on campus in terms of interaction across racial groups. Theories of colorblind racial ideology are used to interpret data from 14 group interviews focusing on 1.) the degree to which cross-group interaction is desired, 2.) perceptions of racial separation among students at a predominantly White elite university, and 3.) the rationale for lack of contact. In part because we are not limited to one race or to comparing only Black and White students and because we highlight student's stories and explanations, our findings provide better explanations of how students perceive and experience lack of racial interaction. We discuss implications including continued and possibly increased racial hostility towards underrepresented groups, social isolation of groups with less representation, effects on academic success, and the perpetuation of racial/ethnic stereotypes…. [Direct]

(2013). AERA et al. Amicus Brief: "Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin". Educational Researcher, v42 n3 p183-197 Apr. Pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 37, the American Educational Research Association (AERA) et al. submit this brief as "amici curiae" in support of Respondents. "Amici curiae" comprise several of the nation's leading research associations: the American Educational Research Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Sociological Association, the American Statistical Association, the Association for the Study of Higher Education, the Law and Society Association, the Linguistic Society of America, and the National Academy of Engineering. "Amici curiae" have a longstanding interest in the accurate presentation of research relevant to the important questions of law raised by this case. "Amici curiae" are also particularly concerned about the possible misapplication of research findings in this case and with the possibility that the Court might be influenced by the presentation of flawed research and unreliable… [Direct]

Clegg, Roger; Rosenberg, John S. (2012). Against "Diversity". Academic Questions, v25 n3 p377-388 Sep. The Supreme Court has granted review for the 2012 term in the case "Fisher v. University of Texas." Abigail Fisher, a rejected white applicant to the University of Texas, has challenged the use of racial and ethnic admission preferences, which the Court had allowed in its 2003 decision involving the University of Michigan law school, "Grutter v. Bollinger." The claim that "diversity" requires that each classroom be diverse is both novel and radical in its implications, as Judge Edith Jones noted in a blistering dissent for herself and four Fifth Circuit colleagues. In any event, new evidence and new developments make it appropriate for the Court to reconsider the holding in Grutter that the purported "educational benefits" from student body "diversity" justify the use of racial and ethnic preferences in the first place. Numerous amicus briefs urge it to do so, and the plaintiff herself explicitly raises that possibility. According to… [Direct]

Antonio, Anthony Lising; Clarke, Chris Gonzalez (2012). Rethinking Research on the Impact of Racial Diversity in Higher Education. Review of Higher Education, v36 n1 p25-50 Fall. While the court-approved use of race in college admissions rests on the ability of institutions to produce educational benefits associated with diversity, existing research provides little practical insight for institutions, particularly with regard to the types of relations that foster such benefits. The authors review current research and conceptualizations in the study of racial diversity, revealing incomplete theories of socialization, unspecified mechanisms, and problematic assumptions. Using Gurin (1999) as a starting point, the authors propose a new framework and research agenda for examining the impact of racial diversity on students, integrating insights from network theory, social psychology, and sociology. (Contains 4 figures and 1 footnote.)… [Direct]

Jackson, Taharee Apirom (2011). \Which\ Interests Are Served by the Principle of Interest Convergence? Whiteness, Collective Trauma, and the Case for Anti-Racism. Race, Ethnicity and Education, v14 n4 p435-459. A primary principle of critical race theory is \interest convergence,\ or the notion that progress toward racial equality will only be made when it converges with the interests of whites. Although I generally concur, I posit that \interest\ must be rendered more complex in order to fully understand the pernicious effects of racism on all people, and on whites in particular. While laws, cultural norms, institutional practices, and even the election of Barack Obama indeed serve the material and emotional interests of whites, their psychological and moral interests are simultaneously undermined. I complicate the meaning of \interest\ to show that while whites indeed benefit from racial hierarchy in numerous ways, a full deconstruction of racism and the collective trauma it induces must be considered with a more nuanced and disaggregated definition of \interest\ in mind. I put forth that while whites are advantaged in real and tangible ways in an endemic system of racial dominance, the… [Direct]

Benatar, D. (2010). Just Admissions: South African Universities and the Question of Racial Preference. South African Journal of Higher Education, v24 n2 p258-267. South African universities and other institutions of higher education currently give preference to student applicants from designated \races\. This paper argues that such a policy is morally indefensible. Although the imperative to redress injustice is endorsed, this, it is argued, does not entail that applicants may be favoured on the basis of their (purported) \race\. Nor can the pursuit of diversity be used to defend racial preference. Next, it is argued that any policy on racial preference must have both a racial taxonomy and a method of assigning individuals to different taxonomic categories. It is argued that both competing methods of categorizing individuals–one subjective and the other objective–are unacceptable. Finally, the paper highlights a number of fallacious responses to criticisms of racial preference. (Contains 2 notes.)… [Direct]