Arends, Janny; Volman, Monique (1992). A Comparison of Different Policies: Equal Opportunities in Education in the Netherlands and the Policy of the Inner London Education Authority. Gender and Education, v4 n1-2 p57-66. The Dutch government's national policy on equal educational opportunities combines equal opportunities and difference/equivalence approaches and overlooks necessary changes to the gender inequality-producing educational system. The Inner London (England) Education Authority's (ILEA's) local policy combines egalitarian and radical terminologies, and highlights difference-producing structures. ILEA measures could enhance Dutch policies. (RLC)…

Rendel, Margherita (1992). European Law: Ending Discrimination against Girls in Education. Gender and Education, v4 n1-2 p163-73. Examines how the European Convention on Human Rights and its case law could combat sexist education and develop concepts of philosophical convictions, the European Community's duty, and children's rights. Considers feminist strategies for improving girls' education, English and European procedural laws, and difficulties of using English law. (RLC)…

Fuller, REs; Schoenberger, Richard (1991). The Gender Salary Gap: Do Academic Achievement, Internship Experience, and College Major Make a Difference?. Social Science Quarterly, v72 n4 p715-26 Dec. Presents results of a study investigating the role of academic achievement, internship experience, and college major in determining the gender gap in starting salaries of college graduates. Concludes that the gap in salaries would have been larger had females not achieved greater academic success, undertaken more internships, and majored in higher paying areas than their male counterparts. (DK)…

Epp, Juanita Ross (1994). Women's Perceptions of Graduate Level Educational Administration Programs. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, v24 n2 p43-67. A survey of 123 women enrolled in Canadian graduate programs in educational administration found that, although some found a relatively warm professional climate for women, for many the experience was not positive. Devaluation of female faculty, counseling of women out of administration, sexist language, and other evidence of sexism were found. (MSE)…

Rosser, James M. (1990). The Role of the University President in Realizing the Multicultural University. American Behavioral Scientist, v34 n2 p223-31 Nov-Dec. Argues that a multicultural university begins with presidential leadership that can produce a diverse faculty, staff, and administration. Recommends minority faculty development, recruitment, tenuring and promotion as an effective institutional strategy. Urges becoming \inclusive\ rather than \exclusive.\ (NL)…

Borkowski, Francis T. (1988). The University President's Role in Establishing an Institutional Climate to Encourage Minority Participation in Higher Education. Peabody Journal of Education, v66 n1 p32-45 Fall. Creating an institutional climate that positively addresses the needs of minority students depends heavily on administrators, faculty, and staff who share the responsibility of educating a diverse student body. The university president's role is that of a leader who understands the school's organizational culture and increases minority participation. (SM)…

DeBord, Larry W.; Millner, Steven M. (1993). Educational Experiences of African-American Graduate Students on a Traditionally White Campus: Succor, Sociation, and Success. Equity and Excellence, v26 n1 p60-71 Apr. Presents the case study of the educational experiences of African-American graduate students at the University of Mississippi using information from a survey responded to by 158 graduate students. At this university, nonservice fellowships and tuition waivers are offered to African-American graduate students. Results highlight differences in student educational backgrounds. (SLD)…

(1999). This Wasn't Supposed To Happen: The Black-White SAT Gap Is Actually Growing Larger. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n25 p95-100 Fall. Reports the increase of the black-white scoring gap on the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT). As race-sensitive college admissions decline, these scores present barriers to educational progress by Blacks in selective institutions. Explains the scoring gap noting why so few Blacks have top SAT scores and thus will be shut out of major universities with race-neutral admissions policies. (SM)…

(1995). Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology Education Equity Program. Annual Monitoring Report, July 1, 1994-June 30, 1995. Prepared in accordance with the Saskatchewan Human Rights Code (SHRC), this report details the status of educational equity as of 1994-95 at the four institutes of the Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology (SIAST). Following an executive summary, part 2 outlines the organization of SIAST's Educational Equity Program (EEP), while part 3 lists the student groups designated as underrepresented in the SIAST student body: students of Aboriginal descent, disabled, visible minorities, and women. Part 4 provides data on the participation of these groups at the four SIAST campuses with respect to applications received, enrollment, graduation, withdrawal, and employment after graduation. Part 5 lists the percentages of these groups in the province as a whole, part 6 describes SIAST's long-term goals with respect to their participation, and part 7 describes trends in the groups' enrollment over the past 5 years. Part 8 describes SIAST's equity policy, detailing the roles and… [PDF]

Horvat, Erin McNamara (1996). African American Students and College Choice Decisionmaking in Social Context: The Influence of Race and Class on Educational Opportunity. This report examines the college aspirations and decisionmaking factors gathered from 53 interviews with Black, female, college-bound students, their parents, friends, college counselors, teachers, and school staff. The goal was to reveal how the students' lives and their access to postsecondary education have been framed and structured by the influences of race and class in modern schools and society. Subjects were students at three urban California high schools. Data gathered included transcribed and coded interviews as well as extensive ethnographic observational data and documents. The schools were chosen for their ethnic and social differences: a predominantly African-American public school with predominantly lower class families; a public, racially mixed school of mixed social class composition; and a predominantly white, private, upper social class school. Findings reveal that the students chose colleges where they could see themselves in the form of other students like… [PDF]

Stein, Ronald H., Ed.; Trachtenberg, Stephen J., Ed. (1993). The Art of Hiring in America's Colleges & Universities. This book offers 11 essays on hiring in American colleges and universities that explore large issues and provide practical suggestions from the insights and observations of the various contributors. The book is intended to apply to all levels and all types of positions and to help administrators in their efforts to select the best candidate and to retain that person for a number of years. The chapters are as follows: (1) \Introduction: Understanding the Problem\ by Ronald H. Stein; (2) \The Role of the President in the Hiring Process\ by Joseph F. Kauffman; (3) \The Role of the Dean in the Hiring Process\ by Donald W. Jugenheimer; (4) \The Search Committee: Prospecting for Go(l)d\ by Milton Greenberg; (5) \What to Look for in a Candidate\ by M. Fredric Volkmann; (6) \The Cost of Hiring\ by Lewis C. Solmon and Cheryl L. Fagnano; (7) \Working with Partners\ by Sue A. Blanshan and E. Gordon Gee; (8) \Hiring Women and Minorities\ by Marian J. Swoboda; (9) \Lessons from the Corporate…

Klein, Edie (1992). It's My Job: Job Descriptions for Over 30 Camp Jobs. This book was created to assist youth-camp directors define their camp jobs to improve employee performance assessment, training, and hiring. The book, aimed at clarifying issues in fair-hiring practices required by the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), includes the descriptions of 31 jobs. Each description includes the job's minimum qualifications, its position in the chain of command, and specific and general responsibilities. An opening section offers information on the ADA and on creating one's own job descriptions. Food-service, maintenance, office, driver, and health-care positions are defined as "operations" jobs. Program directors, assistants, and counseling positions fall under "program" jobs. Specific jobs described in the book include directors and counselors in the following areas: (1) adventure/ropes course; (2) athletics; (3) bicycle trips; (4) creative arts; (5) environmental education; (6) gymnastics; (7) pool and waterfront; (8)…

(1993). The Basic Agenda: The 1992-93 Status Report. In its major policy document, "Basic Agenda: Policy Directions and Priorities for the Nineties," the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges (CCC) specifies goals and objectives necessary for the system's 107 community colleges. Following the format of the Basic Agenda, this 1992-93 status report provides an update on the implementation of these goals and objectives. Following a brief introduction, the six sections of this report examine the areas of mission, access, governance, fiscal policy, and educational quality. For each area, the Basic Agenda initiatives are listed and specific efforts undertaken to date for each initiative are described. Among the CCC efforts described in the report are the following: (1) implementation of intersegmental general education transfer curriculum requirements; (2) projects to increase the number and success of underrepresented students in transfer programs; (3) minigrants and other special funding to increase the number… [PDF]

(1991). Minority Overrepresentation in the Juvenile Justice System. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary. United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session on the Status of the Juvenile Justice System in America, Focusing on the Causes of Minority Overrepresentation and the Plight of Minority Youth in Inner Cities. The United States Senate's Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice heard testimony on minority overrepresentation in the juvenile justice system and the sentencing of minorities within that system. In particular, the Subcommittee heard testimony from eight witnesses who suggested short- and long-term approaches for helping to eliminate racial bias in the juvenile justice system, as well as the need for more family and community services. Before the witnesses testified, Senator J. R. Biden, Jr., addressed the subcommittee on the pressing nature of the issues. The following witnesses appeared in two panels: (1) T. Cavalier, an apprentice at Youth Development, Inc. (Albuquerque, New Mexico); (2) R. Chavez, the Assistant Executive Director of Youth Development, Inc. (Albuquerque, New Mexico); (3) I. Fulwood, Jr., Chief of Police in Washington (District of Columbia); (4) C. Hunter, a graduate of Kenosha County (Wisconsin) Community-Based Services Program; (5) D. Ramirez, a judge in Denver… [PDF]

Cesare, Steven J.; And Others (1991). A Predictive Validation Study of the Methods Used To Select Eligibility Technicians. The effectiveness of the current selection system used to hire eligibility technicians was studied, and the predictive relationship between existing selection instruments and job performance criteria was investigated. Eligibility technicians are employees of San Diego County (California) whose duties include determining the eligibility of applicants for social services. The current selection system consists of a multiple-choice examination and a composite assessment including a training and experience application blank and an interview. Job performance criteria were subjective (supervisory ratings and factor scores) and objective (job tenure and turnover). Scores on the subjective criteria were taken at three points in time: mid-probation, final probation, and first annual performance review. Information was gathered for all applicants for the position of eligibility technician between 1986 and 1990 (449 employees at mid-probation, 409 at final probation, and 250 at the first annual…

Green, Robert L.; Wright, Denise L. (1991). African-American Males: A Demographic Study and Analysis. This paper examines the position of the African American male in three categories identified as critical indicators in assessing important sociological trends. For each of the following indicators, the report gives a general, comparative, and projective analysis: (1) economics and labor; (2) education; and (3) incarceration. The section on economics and labor looks at reasons for the rising disparity among groups and their present economic welfare using statistics from the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and the Department of Labor. The section on education addresses the historical context for controversy in education; elementary school, primary school, and secondary school education; 2-year versus 4-year institutions; and financial support for African Americans in higher education. Also included in this section is an analysis of the African American male in the educational system and the possible need for alternative schools for this population. The section on… [PDF]

Campbell, George, Jr.; And Others (1991). Minority Graduation Rates: Comparative Performance of American Engineering Schools. NACME Research Letter, v2 n2 Dec. A study was done to compare the success of undergraduate engineering schools in graduating minorities from their programs. The study developed the following three parameters that can be used to define the performance of engineering schools in graduating minorities: (1) graduation rates of minorities; (2) graduation rates of minorities relative to those of non-minorities (the Relative Retention Index); and (3) absolute number of graduates. The study used national enrollment and graduation data supplied by 118 individual institutions. Findings indicate that only 35.6 percent of the minority freshman engineering majors studied had obtained a bachelor of science in engineering degree, while the rate for non-minorities was 68.4 percent. When minority graduation rates were recalculated beginning with a sophomore year baseline, the study found that minority sophomores were retained at rates somewhat better than freshmen, with 56.7 percent of them graduating, while almost 87.4 percent of…

Dadzie, Stella (1993). Working with Black Adult Learners. A Practical Guide. This guide identifies the key skills for the delivery of education and training for black adult learners in Britain. It provides a rich resource of examples of good practice and case studies of innovative approaches to policy development, curriculum, and support. Each section is structured to include introductory comments to clarify current thinking and contextualize recommended good practice; an outline, in checklist form, of some key issues for students, practitioners, and managers (as appropriate) for use as a training aid or to inform planning, review, and policy development discussions; a practical example, case study, or resource; and a list of resources and useful contacts. Section 1, Pre-Course, covers community consultation, policy development, outreach, and marketing and publicity. Section 2, Recruitment and Selection, addresses educational guidance; precourse assessment and accreditation; recruitment, selection, and admissions; staffing issues; and ethnic monitoring…. [PDF]

Gordon, June A. (1990). Minority Culture-Based Programming in the Six Four-Year Public Institutions of Higher Education in the State of Washington: An Illuminative Evaluation. This study utilized illuminative, ethnographic evaluation to examine the range and complexity of minority student programming at the six public institutions of higher education in Washington, namely Evergreen State College, Eastern Washington University, Central Washington University, Western Washington University, Washington State University, and the University of Washington. It focused on minority student programming in seven areas: (1) institutional mission; (2) academic programs; (3) recruitment and admissions; (4) retention and student services; (5) local community role; (6) administration; and (7) physical facilities. Data were gathered through interviews of administrators, faculty, and staff; examinations of public documents and institutional literature; and observations. The study found that a heated debate over curricular change occurred on every campus, with some calling for the establishment of ethnic studies programs, while others advocated the strengthening of current… [PDF]

(1982). Annual Report to the President and the Congress on Federal Activities Related to the Administration of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as Amended. Fiscal Year 1981. Executive Summary. The fiscal year 1981 annual report of the Rehabilitation Services Administration's activities under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, is presented; program operations, program development activities, functions of the National Institute of Handicapped Research, and other provisions of the Act, are described. Program operations include: the basic vocational rehabilitation program; services for the deaf, the blind, and the visually handicapped; the Helen Keller Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults; and rehabilitation facilities. Program expenditures versus accomplishments are also examined. Program development, which is designed to improve service delivery and the vocational rehabilitation and independence of handicapped persons, includes the following activities: special projects for the severely disabled, projects with industry, special recreation programs, and Centers for Independent Living. In addition to the activities of research and training centers and special… [PDF]

Chance, Edward W.; Neuhauser, Margo (1989). Preparing Women and Minorities as Rural School Administrators. The traditional underrepresentation of women and minorities in administrative positions continues to be a reality in most states. This paper describes the Women and Minorities in Administration Program, developed by the South Dakota Equal Educational Opportunities Office in an attempt to alleviate this disparity. The program was developed to provide an alternative means for females and minorities to pursue and complete a masters degree in elementary or secondary administration. The core of the model program included a weekend scheduling format, reduced tuition rates, and innovative elective courses designed specifically for the participants. Short-term program success is evidenced by positive individual evaluations and through preliminary data reflecting the number of participants who went on to secure leadership positions. (Author/TES)… [PDF]

Wilson, Reginald (1986). Minority Participation in Community Colleges. While the largest growth in the college-age population (i.e., 18 to 24 year olds) is among minority group members, the largest decline in college-going rates is among minorities. Because of poor academic preparation, rising tuition rates, and declining financial aid resources, the community college has become the college of necessity, rather than the college of choice, for most minority students. It is the duty of community colleges to recognize the importance of their mission to provide quality education to their minority and disadvantaged population to enable them to become skilled and productive members of society. It is the duty of trustees, presidents, and faculties to accomplish these goals by exercising leadership, creativity, and innovativeness; by taking risks; and by providing the necessary resources. While studies show that currently community colleges are not meeting their obligation to minority students, certain states and institutions are serving as excellent models. A…

Jackson, Anita; Simmons, Brenda R. (1988). Fostering Black Student Enrollment at Community Colleges and Historically Black Colleges in the Same Service Area. Within the context of trends in minority student education, this paper urges community colleges and historically black colleges and universities to cooperatively encourage the enrollment, retention, graduation, and continuing education of black students. First, the paper points to such alarming trends as a sharp decline in the number of associate degrees awarded to black students, declining enrollments in historically black colleges and increasing enrollments of blacks at community colleges, and high dropout rates among black community college students. Next, the paper describes a study conducted at Florida Community College at Jacksonville (FCCJ) and Edward Waters College (EWC) to determine influences on students' choice of college and FCCJ students' plans for transfer. The study found that cost and location were major factors in college choice, and that most FCCJ students were not considering EWC or any other black college as a transfer institution. Next, the paper describes the… [PDF]

O'Donnell, Sheryl, Ed.; Shaver, Barbara, Ed. (1981). Women's Scholarship: A Curriculum Handbook. A Project for Curriculum Development in Women's Scholarship. Curriculum and instructional development approaches that are designed to promote scholarship on women are described in 22 articles. The articles, which are based on the Women's Scholarship Project at the University of North Dakota, concern: career planning, women's studies courses, professional studies, research, and the theoretical applications of women's scholarship. The following are among the articles presented: "What Can Be Done to Aid a Woman in Her Career Decision-Making Process" (Jole A. Williams); "Women and Mathematics" (David J. Uherka); "Some Milestones on the Road to Equal Employment Opportunities for Women" (W. Fred Lawrence); "The Issue of Sexism in Multicultural Education" (Janet Goldenstein Ahler); "Integrating Women's Issues into the Course 'Human Behavior in the Social Environment'" (Leola Furman); "Toward Equity in Nursing: The Role of Education" (Sandra L. Warner); "Women in Music Education: Some…

Katsinas, Steve (1984). Hispanic Student and Staffing Patterns in Community Colleges. An overview is provided of Hispanic enrollment and staffing patterns in U.S. community colleges. After an initial discussion of changes taking place in postsecondary education, information on the low participation rates of Hispanics in higher education is presented; e.g., in 1978 Hispanics made up 6% of the population of the mainland United States, but only 3.4% of the nation's undergraduate students; and Hispanic college enrollments as a percentage of high school graduates declined from 35.4% in 1975 to 19.9% in 1980. The next section looks at the high concentration of Hispanics in community colleges, which enroll 45% of all Hispanic full-time college students. Information on the exceptionally high concentration of Hispanics in central city community colleges and on enrollment patterns is followed by a discussion of reasons for the relatively high participation rate of Hispanics in community colleges (e.g., the indifference of four-year institutions, the open admissions policies…

(1977). School Districts, Limited English-speaking Students and the Law. No. 2 in the Bilingual Education Mini-Booklet Series. This booklet contains the major mandates, from a variety of sources, used to assist school districts and their personnel in identifying the tasks required by law to fulfill the educational obligations related to equal educational opportunity. It covers specifically a summary of major court cases involving bilingual education; Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and its regulations;the May, 1970 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW) Memorandum on discrimination against limited English speaking students; the Equal Educational Opportunity Act of 1974; the Bilingual Education Act of 1974; the August, 1975 DHEW \Lau Compliance\ Memorandum; and the Education Language Rule adopted by the Washington State Human Rights Commission. (Author/MC)…

O'Brien, Maureen B.; Ross, S. Kathryn (1981). 504 and Admissions: Making the Law Work for the Applicant and the College. Recognizing the legislative and institutional difficulties involved in complying with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, this paper describes the efforts of St. Mary's Junior College (SMJC) to develop technical (i.e., non-academic) standards for college admission. The paper first points to particular legislative variables which must be considered, such as which section of the act applies to the college. Next, institutional considerations are discussed, including the importance of applying admissions procedures uniformly, examining the effects of present procedures on the handicapped, and studying the possible outcomes of revising those procedures. Steps to be carried out in revising admissions procedures are then reviewed. Next, the paper defines academic and technical standards for admission and discusses the role of faculty in establishing these standards. After reviewing the variables that should be considered in determining whether a college really needs technical…

de Leon, Fred, Jr. (1981). Supportive Services for Women Project (SSWP): End of Project Report, 1980-1981. This seven-part report describes the objectives and outcomes of the Supportive Services for Women Program (SSWP) which operated at Oxnard College between October 1980 and June 1981. After Part I provides introductory material on the need for and genesis of the program, Part II outlines the SSWP's dual goals: to meet the vocational training needs of poverty-level, female heads of households in Ventura County and to simultaneously rectify the gender imbalances within six program areas: agricultural mechanics, industrial maintenance mechanics, diesel mechanics, auto mechanics, truck driving, and landscape maintenance. Part III reviews the specific program objectives corresponding to these goals. Part IV describes the SSWP's design with respect to staff and activities in the areas of recruitment and retention. Part V focuses on the counseling and support services in which the SSWP staff members were involved, while Part VI examines program outcomes with respect to increases in the…

Zadny, Jerry J. (1979). Employer Reactions to Efforts to Place Disabled and Disadvantaged Workers. Studies in Placement Monograph No. 4. Surveys in Portland, Oregon, and San Francisco, California, asked 448 employers about their exposure and reactions to job development activity by agencies serving disabled and disadvantaged persons. Respondents were generally favorable or indifferent to being contacted, rated the performance of their disabled employees as being average or above average in comparison to other workers, and said that state rehabilitation agency clients tended to be as qualified as other applicants. Almost all indicated that they would hire a disabled person who was more qualified than other applicants and a third indicated they would give preference to a disabled person who was as qualified as other applicants. Self-reported hiring of disabled persons and hiring of state agency clients increased with the number of employees and with the number of positions filled. Firms which reported being contacted by an agency representing disabled persons were more likely to report hiring a disabled person than…

Greenfeld, Sue (1979). Sex Roles Inside the Corporation. A Summary of Findings from Mgmt. 689: "Special Topics in Careers & Sex Roles in the Organization". Advanced graduate students enrolled in a management course conducted thirty-four structured interviews at a major multi-million-dollar Houston-based oil company. Approximately fifty open-ended questions were asked the respondents over topics related to sex roles in the organization, including employee interactions, secretarial roles, work-related travel, work-related social encounters, family-work relations, and personal goals. Results of the interviews showed a concerted effort to bring women into higher levels of the organization within the past two years, but women and men interviewed were still essentially at different levels within the organization. Most respondents felt that there were numerous similarities between male and female capabilities, but differences were noted in the areas of opportunities for advancement, preference for the sex of the supervisor, salary expectations, favoritism toward advancement, and social lunching among others. (Author/BM)…