(1977). Sex Equity in Educational Leadership. Report of a Conference (Eugene, Oregon, April 15-17, 1977). As part of its attempt to develop a model program for increasing sex equity among school administrators, the Sex Equity in Educational Leadership Project (SEEL) hosted a weekend conference for 150 Oregon educators. Conference activities documented in the first four chapters of this report include summaries of the workshops on Administration As a Career Choice, Legal Issues of Title IX, Sex Roles and Teaching in Elementary and Secondary Schools, Developing Support Groups, Restructuring Jobs, and a session on Androgenous Leadership. The fifth chapter is an evaluation of the conference based on information gathered from questionnaires and post-conference interviews. Various documents and supporting materials are in the sixth chapter. A summary is given of the keynote address by Aileen Hernandez, San Francisco Public Schools Commissioner. (MLF)…

(1977). Commissions for Women: Participation of Racial and Ethnic Minority Women in Membership and Program Activities. The results of a survey of existing membership and program practices of all active commissions for women conducted by the National Association of Commissions for Women (NACW) are summarized. The three-part survey was the NACW's first step in encouraging and promoting appointments of racial and ethnic minority women to local and state women's commissions. Part one, presenting the ethnic and racial membership composition of current state, county, and municipal commissions, indicates that of the 64 responding commissions, minority women composed about 20% of the membership. Geographic influences on commission membership are also briefly noted. Part two of the survey sought information about general program activities of the commissions. A list of responses, showing the relative frequency with which each activity was reported, indicates that \employment\ and \women and the law\ were most frequently reported, and \housing\ was least. The last part of the survey asked specifically for a… [PDF]

Atwater, D. M.; And Others (1978). External Labor Market Analysis and EEO Goals Planning. Research Report 33. The system being tested for the U.S. Navy civilian workforce to integrate equal employment opportunity (EEO) goals into an accountability and tracking system for effective management action is described in this report. The system is described as one that moved from a top down modeling oriented system previously used to a bottom up information system supplemented by models, which would tie together external labor supply projections with accountability and historical tracking capabilities. Particular emphasis is given in the report on using available labor pool methodologies and data sources. Topics discussed include the following: external labor market analysis concepts, testing of a relevant labor pool model for the Navy's EEO goal system for those occupations and career levels where the labor market is local, relevant labor pool methodology, data sources for obtaining preliminary statistics for estimating the relevant labor pool, and a system for EEO goals planning and…

Farley, Jennie, Ed. (1981). Sex Discrimination in Higher Education: Strategies for Equality. Papers and discussion transcripts from a 1980 conference at Cornell University on creative approaches to ending sex discrimination in higher education are presented. In \Litigation: Strategy of the Last Resort,\ Judith P. Vladeck reviews the judicial history of academic women's grievances and suggests that to avoid sex discrimination litigation women will have to be more aggressive in guarding their rights; academic administrators will have to be more reasonable in dealing with grievances; and faculty will have to be more open about their employment practices. In \Building Mentorship Frameworks as Part of an Effective Equal Opportunity Ecology,\ Mary P. Rowe advocates that administrators and faculty develop multiple helping resources for management, women's networks, and close relation between top management and the networks. Helen C. Davies and Robert E. Davies, in \Grievances and their Redress in the Eighties,\ note a need for more objectivity in performance appraisals and…

Taddiken, Nancy K. (1981). Minorities on Campus. A Survey of Black and Hispanic Participation in Colleges of the Rochester Area. This study was designed to identify and interpret trends in the participation of blacks and Hispanics in Rochester, New York, area colleges and to assess policies which affect their level of participation, either as students or as faculty and staff members. Four areas of concern were analyzed, including: (1) the extent to which admissions policies enhance higher education opportunities for minorities and the resultant enrollment trends; (2) the ways in which student financial aid is provided and the impact it has on minority opportunities; (3) how special remedial programs and support services have affected minority enrollment; and (4) the trends and policies concerning the hiring of minority staff and faculty. The report presents recommendations for increasing minority participation in Rochester area colleges. The appendix contains the responses to the survey questionnaires from the participating colleges. (Author/APM)…

(1981). Black Employees in Traditionally White Institutions in the Adams States 1975 to 1977. The status of black employees was examined in traditionally white institutions of higher education in eight states affected by the Adams v. Califano desegregation case; patterns of change in that status over a two-year period, 1975-77, were also explored. The object of the study was to use the Equal Employment Opportunity information system to construct longitudinal records on the employment of black workers in order to show relationships between employment variables such as race, sex, salary, and primary occupational activity. A further purpose was to analyze the status of black employees to show relationships between employment variables and institutional types, such as flagship institutions and community colleges, and the selectivity of institutions. Several findings are cited such as: white males dominated at the highest salary levels and black women at the lowest; for blacks the change in primary occupational activity share was greater in non-faculty than in faculty positions;…

Katz, Adolph I.; Scarlatta, Leslie (1978). Status Report on Women on New Jersey College and University Faculties (1976-77). Research Note 78-1. Results of a study by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) indicate that both the proportion of women on the faculties (at the ranks of professor and assistant professor) in New Jersey universities and four-year colleges, as well as the salaries of women faculty members compared to those of men, were generally greater than the national average for the academic year 1976-77. Data are presented on the proportion of women on college and university faculties in New Jersey and in the United States as a whole and on the percent difference between the average salary of women and men faculty members. Comparative data for New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania and for four-year and two-year colleges are provided. Tables compare the status of women on New Jersey college and university faculties with women in 14 comparable states. Comparative data are also presented on the status of women in New Jersey public and independent colleges and universities, in the United States as a… [PDF]

Loomis, Linda Jacobsen; Wild, Peggy Harrell (1978). Increasing the Role of Women in Community College Administration. Society suffers from the underutilization of more than half of the talents available to educational administration because of discriminatory attitudes against women which are reinforced in the school setting. Indeed, a 1970-71 nationwide survey showed that while 67% of all public school teachers were women, women held only 15% of the school principal positions. Similarly, a study of 37 randomly selected community colleges in six states (California, Illinois, Florida, Maryland, Texas, and Arizona) revealed that only 98 women held administrative positions at these colleges between 1973 and 1976. Of these, 51 were chairpersons and none were presidents. Most were in traditionally female disciplines, such as home economics and nursing, and only 20% held Doctorates of Philosophy. Discriminatory practices and attitudes contributing to this problem include invisible barriers, such as word-of-mouth recruitment techniques, and myths, such as the belief that women administrators are absent… [PDF]

(1980). Equity for the Eighties, Annual Report 1979. Fifth Annual Report. The 1979 annual report of the National Advisory Council on Women's Education Programs is presented. Topics concern the Women's Educational Equity Act, civil rights, minority women, vocational education, working women, other activities, and activities/publications of the Council. During 1979 Council members and staff worked with the Office of Education Women's Education Equity Act Program staff to develop a new regulation for the Women's Education Equity Act program. One of the special concerns was the needs of minority women. Other specific Council concerns include: new approaches to Title IX enforcement, Title IX athletics policy, sexual harassment of students, a study of sex equity in vocational education, the Youth Employment Act, the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965, and the White House Conference on Families. Stipulations of the Women's Educational Equity Act are included. (SW)…

Cathie, Shirley B. (1979). Select…from All Your Options. Student Guide to Vocational Education. Project SELECT (Strategies for Equalizing and Linking Education and Career Training) is a means of promoting sex equity in vocational education and career preparation. SELECT consists of three handbooks for middle or junior high school students, teachers, and parents and a resource booklet entitled "Women at Work". These materials are designed to help show that significant change is occurring in vocational education due to the increased number of women now working outside the home and other changes taking place in American society. This document includes the handbook for students and is divided into five units. These units provide information and activities to help the student in the following areas: (1) thinking about career options open to them; (2) understanding the laws promoting sex equity in education; (3) exploring individual interests, abilities, and training needs; (4) becoming more aware of social changes, especially changes in the labor market for women; and (5)…

Stein, Ronald H.; Zuckerman, Judy (1980). Federal Regulations and Higher Education: An Overview for College and University Administrators: Part II. Administrator's Update, Volume 2, Number 2, Fall, 1980. As an aid to college administrators, information is presented on the following regulations: (1) Protection of Human Subjects; (2) Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972; (3) the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; and (4) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The purpose of the guide is to sensitize administrators to the central issues involved in each regulation and to provide a desk-top reference that will permit judgments as to whether the matter should be pursued. In regard to the regulations on the protection of human subjects, institutions are directed to establish an Institutional Review Committee to determine subject risks, and noncompliance may result in termination of the federal grant or contract. The regulations pertaining to the Educational Amendments of 1972 (prohibiting discrimination in federally-aided educational programs) include the areas of coverage, admission of students, treatment of students, employment, and procedures. In regard to the… [PDF]

Scott, Robert A. (1980). The Evolution of Roles and Aspirations: Burgeoning Choices for Females. Traditional female status, roles, and aspirations and changes that have occurred in American society are traced. While women were barred from colleges and universities in the 1800's, they now account for more than 50 percent of college students. It is projected that by the year 2000, women will represent an even larger percentage of the college population, and that if this change is accompanied by a rise in aspirations, there will be consequences for traditional female jobs. It is suggested that labor participation rates for females will probably continue to rise since there are more single women, more working couples, smaller families with fewer demands at home, inflation, and increased opportunities for women to use their skills in the work force. Both opportunities and aspirations will probably increase as equal rights legislation has its effect, as the predicted decline in high school graduates affects both college enrollment and the demand for skilled workers, as female role…

(1979). National Academy of Education Educational Research Management Workshops: Final Report. Educational researchers have rarely been given training or apprenticeship experience in one of the most fundamental but neglected aspects of contemporary educational research: educational research management. The ability to muster the resources and develop effective management skills is an indispensable ingredient of modern research. Women and minorities have been especially neglected as potential research managers. The National Academy of Education, having received funding from the National Institute of Education to develop, run, and evaluate a pair of two-week workshops in educational research management, prepared a report on the results. The objectives of the workshops included the training of promising women and/or members of minority groups as researchers, and the enhancement of career development by fostering professional contacts. The workshops included lectures, discussions, and simulation exercises in the areas of research design and methodology, proposal preparation,…

(1980). On Campus with Women, Number 27, Summer 1980. A newsletter on issues pertaining to women's rights on campuses and in employment is presented. Developments and issues include the following: initiation of intercollegiate athletic championships for women in nine sports; a charge of unequal pay for women coaches; university cases of alleged sex discrimination in athletic programs; reference to maiden name on college admission forms; coordination of civil rights enforcement by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Department of Labor's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program; a ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that racial quotas imposed by Congress are constitutional if designed to remedy past discrimination and if the quotas are flexible and temporary; a ruling that universities are to be treated similarly to other employers when they are charged with sex discrimination in employment practices; court cases regarding faculty tenure, equal pay, and sex discrimination; an organization formed at Cornell University…

Ryan, John W., Ed. (1972). Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Council of Graduate Schools in the United States. The proceedings of the 12th annual meeting of the Council of Graduate Schools contains reports on new and changing directions in the master's degree by Joe N. Gerber, Thomas C. Rumble, and Donald E. Stokes; the activities of the panel on alternate approaches to graduate education by J. Boyd Page, Robert F. Kruh, and Benjamin DeMott; financing graduate education by Philip E. Kubzansky, John D. Millett, and Clarence Scheps; women in graduate education by Robert E. Wolverton, Lorene Rogers, Elizabeth Scott, Margaret Rumbarger, and Cyrena Pondrom. Workshops offered include the dean and the law by Raymond P. Mariella, James J. Ritterskamp, Jr., and Donald J. White; new elements in graduate admissions by Stirling L. Huntley, Andrew J. Hein, Thom Rhue, Cliff Sjorgren, and David L. Jacobson; a reexamination of the residency requirement by William J. Burke, Charles A. Leone, Michael J. Brennan, and John P. Noonan; and self-evaluation of graduate programs by John K. Major, Lyle Jones, Sam… [PDF]

Churchman, David A.; Hellweg, Susan A. (1979). Sponsored Research as a Solution to Four Pervasive Problems in Graduate Education. AIR Forum 1979 Paper. Four problems that will be of major concern to academic institutions granting graduate degrees in the coming decade and ways in which sponsored research can help solve them are discussed. The four problems are defined as: (1) the threat posed to research performed by faculty by increased teaching loads; (2) the increasing lack of opportunities for new graduates of doctoral programs to join faculties; (3) the continuing pressures that academic institutions are under to increase the number of women and minorities on their teaching staffs; and (4) the changing employment prospects of students completing their graduate degrees, and thus the skills they need to acquire. A five-point model is proposed which is designed to provide a solution to each of these problems through the generation of sponsored research. The model incorporates practical experience for students in their fields; use of grant monies to provide financial aid for students; active involvement of professors in research in…

Northrup, James (1977). Old Age, Handicapped and Vietnam-Era Antidiscrimination Legislation. Labor Relations and Public Policy Series No. 14. This book brings together materials, cases, and opinions regarding the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974; analyzes these materials; and examines their impact on employer personnel policies. These laws represent, in a sense, a relatively underdeveloped but potentially highly significant aspect of a continuing and expanding public policy of creating an ever-increasing number of protected groups that already comprise a majority of the labor force. A section of the book is devoted to each of the three acts. The final section is concerned with questions of public policy that have been found to exist in the administration of the laws and that are probably inherent in complex legislation designed to regulate industrial relations and personnel administration. Summaries of laws, excerpts from legislation, and other supplementary information are contained in appendixes. (Author/IRT)…

(1977). Chapter 622: A Guide for Administrators. Massachusetts's Chapter 622 and U.S. Title IX regulations both prohibit discrimination by educational institutions. This guide is designed to assist administrators, particularly in Massachusetts, in complying fully with the spirit and letter of these regulations. The guide is divided into thirteen chapters, seven of which use parallel format to cover application of the regulations and compliance techniques to seven specific program areas: admissions, curriculum, guidance, extracurricular activities, scholarships and awards, inservice education, and personnel practices. Other chapters deal with the role of the 622/IX coordinator, annual requirements, complaints and grievances, systemwide planning, organizational dynamics, and resource usage. Five basic practices are encouraged through all these chapters: thorough planning, the involvement of staff at all levels, careful strategy development, research on new educational directions that can be developed through implementation of the…

(1976). Results of Workshop on Research Needed to Improve the Employment and Employability of Women. The purpose of this workshop was to review research needs already identified, to determine other areas in which research needs are not being met, and to establish priorities among these areas. The recommendations which were made on subjects such as part-time employment, career patterns, upward mobility, and equal pay form a broad base on which research projects of benefit to women can be developed. Specific research and action recommendations were made for each of the following seven topics presented as papers: (1) "Barriers to Entry and Reentry into the Labor Force," (2) "Part-Time Work and Flexible Hours Employment," (3) "The Earnings Gap: Research Needs and Issues," (4) "Barriers to Promotion and Upward Mobility," (5) "Minority Group Women," (6) "The Conditions of Women in Blue-Collar, Industrial, and Service Jobs: A Review of Research and Proposals for Research, Action, and Policy," (7) "Upward Mobility for Private… [PDF]

(1975). Ramapo College of New Jersey Handbook for Professional Staff, 1975-1976. While the faculty handbook of Ramapo College is not intended to give complete and detailed information about all of the college's policies and procedures, it is intended to serve as a guide to the administrative and academic regulations, procedures, and obligations as of 1975-76. Sections are: (1) organization and governance, containing general descriptive material on the organization of the college and the functions of its various committees and officers; (2) academic policies, giving a sense of the philosophic thrust of the college and examination of academic programs; (3) personnel policies as developed through contractual negotiations; (4) pension and insurance plans; (5) student services, including information on activities and support services available to students. (KE)… [PDF]

Furniss, W. Todd (1976). Time for the Houyhnhnms: Personnel Policies and Government Controls. As part of a discussion of academic planning for the future decades, a proposition is offered that there is little likelihood that any good ideas advanced at the conference can be adopted, and bad changes will be made, unless ways are developed for higher education professionals to approach each other more effectively. An example is cited from personal experience with writing guidelines for nondiscriminatory testing procedures for employment, promotion, and other personnel decisions. Difficulties arising from cooperative efforts among government agencies and universities are described. The guidelines themselves, testing procedures, jargon, and backgrounds of individuals involved are all problem areas. A major problem is each side understanding the other's position. Consideration is given to civil and human rights, contract negotiations, faculty promotions, reporting requirements, equal pay for equal work, rigid regulations, grievances, and arbitration. It is concluded that the…

(1976). Women in Non-Traditional Occupations–A Bibliography. This bibliography was developed to disseminate information about publications which focus on women's employment in nontraditional fields. It is intended to serve such people as vocational education administrators, education researchers, counselors, teachers, and students considering occupational choices. The literature described is available nationwide and includes magazine and journal articles, books, dissertations, pamphlets, brochures, and government documents. Entries cover three subject categories: Women in Non-Traditional Occupations contains general information about sex-role stereotyping, women in the work force, and employment categories which are non-traditional; Women in Non-Traditional Skilled/Vocational Occupations contains material on non-traditional occupations which do not require a baccalaureate degree; Women in Non-Traditional Professional Occupations includes those occupations which require, at minimum, a baccalaureate degree. Listed alphabetically by title, each… [PDF]

Stein, Ronald H. (1979). Impact of Federal Intervention on Higher Education. Research in Higher Education, v10 n1 p71-82. Precepts posited in defense of federal intervention (financial support, social injustice, moral responsibility, etc.) are articulated, and general costs of compliance are enumerated. The impact of specific legislation and suggestions for reducing compliance costs are also addressed, along with a prognosis for the future. (Author/LBH)…

Boham, Russell V. (1987). Reverse Discrimination: What Do the Figures Say?. Journal of American Indian Education, v26 n3 p1-4 May. To conduct personal and career counseling better, the Native American Career Education in Natural Resources Program conducted a survey of state and federal agencies that employ natural resources professionals, asking for employment information by ethnicity, grade/rank, and job title. No significant relationships were found between hiring practices and minority status. (JHZ)…

Opsata, Margaret (1988). Legal Gains. Graduating Engineer, spec iss p41-44 Feb. Describes legal decisions from 1963 to 1987 that helped to remove barriers to equality in job conditions for female engineers. Discusses some barriers that still exist. Suggests a few antidotes for still existing problems and discusses job search implications. (CW)…

Lerner, Robert; Nagai, Althea K. (1997). Racial Preferences at U.C. San Diego. Racial Preferences in Undergraduate Admissions at the University of California, San Diego, 1995. This report presents findings of the Center for Equal Opportunity's investigation of undergraduate admissions at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). It describes the racial and ethnic composition of UCSD applicants, admittees, rejectees, and enrollees, and the racial and ethnic differences in Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and high school grade point averages (GPAs) for these groups. The report also provides a detailed summary of the procedures used to generate these results. The analysis and report focus on African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Whites, but statistical comparisons were not made with American Indian/Native Alaskan applicants. In 1995, 39% of applicants were Asian Americans, 44% were White, 13% were Hispanic American, and 3% were African American. The racial and ethnic composition of admitted students and of rejected students was similar to that of the profile for applicants. The racial and ethnic composition of enrollees was… [PDF]

Lerner, Robert; Nagai, Althea K. (1996). Racial Preferences at U.C. Berkeley. Racial Preferences in Undergraduate Enrollment at the University of California, Berkeley, 1993-1995: A Preliminary Report, Revised Edition. This report presents selected preliminary findings for the Center for Equal Opportunity's undergraduate admissions project for the University of California, Berkeley, 1993-1995. It describes the racial and ethnic composition of Berkeley enrollees and racial and ethnic differences in Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) scores and grade point averages. The report also describes in detail the procedures used to generate these results. There is a greater degree of racial preference in the admissions process at Berkeley than is usually assumed. Three enrollee data sets were obtained from the university, with information for each enrollee for the applicant's racial and ethnic groups, high school grade point average (GPA), SAT math and verbal scores, and best achievement test scores. At Berkeley, no single racial and ethnic group was a majority of enrollees, but Asian Americans represented 40.9% of the entering class, Whites were 32.8%, and 17.1% were Hispanics. African Americans comprised… [PDF]

Fields, Cheryl D. (1997). Surveying the Battleground in the Fight for Access. Black Issues in Higher Education, v14 n6 p28-29 May 15. Reviews briefly recent ballot initiatives and court decisions in Alabama, California, Colorado, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Ohio, Texas, Virginia, and Washington that have impacted equal access to higher education for black and other minority students and faculty. (MDM)…

Morgan, Joan (1994). Reactions: Colleges Say They'll Stay the Minority Scholarship Course. Black Issues in Higher Education, v11 n19 p14-15 Nov 17. Administrators at seven private and public colleges and universities nationwide offer brief statements on their intended policy on minority scholarships in light of a recent court decision, Podberesky v Kirwin, finding one University of Maryland scholarship program racially discriminatory. Most have a wait-and-see attitude while considering implications of change. (MSE)…

Kamasaki, Charles; Yzaguirre, Raul (1992). Hispanic Human Rights Goals for the 1990s. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v19 n2 p3-11 Sum. Describes experiences of Hispanic Americans with respect to the civil rights enforcement system. Suggests some goals to help ameliorate problems that Hispanic Americans face, and explains why human rights professionals should help turn these goals into programs and policies and address the enormous discrimination faced by Hispanic Americans. (SLD)…