Deliyanni-Kouimtzi, Kiki (1992). "Father Is out Shopping Because Mother Is at Work…" Greek Primary School Reading Texts as an Example of Educational Policy for Gender Equality. Gender and Education, v4 n1-2 p67-79. Evaluates the Greek governments' gender equality educational policy; new reading books that the Greek government presented in 1983 as solving previously reading books' sexism; and views of the educational establishment, women's organizations, and teachers concerning old and new books and new books' efficacy in light of textual analyses. (RLC)…

Katayama, Mary (1990). Doing the Right Thing: The Critical Role of Students in the Tenure Campaign. Amerasia Journal, v16 n1 p109-17. Describes the role of university students in professor D. Nakanishi's three-year battle for tenure at the University of California Los Angeles. Details the development and importance of a plan, outreach, and networking; and describes the campaign's connection with larger issues of justice and equal representation for Asian Pacific Americans. (JB)…

Umemoto, Karen (1990). Victory on the Tenure Front: A Summary of Lessons. Amerasia Journal, v16 n1 p131-38. Reviews details of the campaign for tenure for an Asian Pacific American University of California Los Angeles professor, D. Nakanishi. Describes key issues, three rallies, the students' role, the importance of a unified effort, and the movement's effect on other issues and campuses. (JB)…

Angel, Dan; Barrera, Adriana (1991). Revitalization Efforts. New Directions for Community Colleges, n74 p109-116 Sum. Reviews the efforts of the American Council on Education, Education Commission of the States, American Association of Community and Junior Colleges, and the Quality Education for Minorities Project to revitalization minority participation in higher education. Highlights encouraging enrollment trends. (DMM)… [Direct]

(1999). Recruitment & Retention: Special Report, Part II. Black Issues in Higher Education, v16 n18 p30-43 Oct 28. Articles on Black college faculty recruitment and retention and student financial aid examines these issues: senior Black faculty and diversity issues, recruiting Black faculty to small towns, the supply of doctorates, doctoral fellowship programs targeting minorities, financial aid information on the Internet, and an online college tuition-bidding system. (MSE)…

Rodriguez, Roberto (1996). Life After Hopwood. Black Issues in Higher Education, v13 n12 p8-10 Aug 8. The federal court decision in Hopwood versus the State of Texas, in which the court ruled that race could not be used as a factor in law school admission, is forcing universities to reexamine their reliance on standardized tests as admission criteria. Reduced use of test scores can then allow more active recruitment of top minority students. (MSE)…

Cross, Theodore (2000). Hopwood in Doubt: The Folly of Setting a Grand Theory Requiring Race Neutrality in All Programs of Higher Education. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, v n29 p60-84 Aut. Suggests that banning all racially sensitive programs and practices in higher education is unacceptable, presenting a history of black admission to higher education and examining: minority student recruiting; athletic departments; race sensitive programs sponsored by foundations; reducing black student dropout rates; race sensitive faculty appointments; recruiting faculty for black studies; racial diversity in faculty appointments; and scholarships for black students. (SM)…

Gosselin, Joan McGregor; Hesse-Biber, Sharlene (1982). Career and Lifestyle Aspirations of Boston College Undergraduates. Lifestyle and career plans of Boston College undergraduate students were studied, along with the influences of family and religious background, the college academic environment, and the college social environment. A total of 298 male and 634 female students completed a study questionnaire in 1981. Although both men and women expected to have families and careers, there were clear differences between the sexes in the parental responsibilities they envisioned and in the specific occupations they hoped to enter. Women respondents tended to select careers traditionally defined as acceptable for women and expressed somewhat less confidence that they would be successful in their work than did the men. Students' work and lifestyle goals were shaped primarily by family and friends. While most students held positive views of the college, they credited the academic environment with little influence upon their aspirations. It was found that women tended to use career advisement services later…

(1993). Making Good on Our Promises…Moving beyond Rhetoric to Action. A Report. The Commission to Improve Minority Education (CIME) was established in 1990 to address problems hindering the education of ethnic minorities at community colleges. This report features the CIME action agenda for the national community college system for improving recruitment, retention and transfer rates of minority students. Part I features a prefatory message from the Commission, while part II includes a foreword from the Commission chair. Part III, "The Challenge that Words Alone Cannot Solve," is divided into five sections: (1) "The Nation's Community Colleges: Shouldering the Challenge," highlighting the role of the community colleges in providing access to education for minorities; (2) "Mandate for a Community College Action Agenda," detailing the foundations of the agenda in terms of the needs for improving minority opportunities; (3) "Making the Commitment: It's in Our Best Interest," describing the benefits of diversity for…

Bartholomew, Cheryl G.; Schnorr, Donna L. (1991). Gender Equity: Educational Problems and Possibilities for Female Students. Although most women are now working outside the home, gender equity in the labor force has not been achieved. Women are still concentrated in low-paying, traditionally female-dominated occupations (such as clerical and retail sales), while most jobs in the higher paying, more prestigious professions are held by men. Despite attempts to reduce discrimination in the workforce, the occupational structure seems unlikely to undergo any substantial change. The continued segregation and underutilization of women in the workforce can have serious consequences in terms of women's psychological and physical well-being; it also has direct economic and income-related implications for women. A large wage gap between men and women still exists, and female-headed households are among the poorest in the country. Cultural expectations and gender-role stereotypes, self-esteem and self-confidence, family and life planning, parental influence and fear of success, and problems and solutions are… [PDF]

(1991). Department of Education's Race-Specific Scholarship Policy. Hearings before the Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session (March 20 and 21, 1991). This document presents testimony and prepared statements concerning the legality of race specific student financial aid, the change in federal policy initiated by the Department of Education when, in December 1990, it declared such aid illegal, and the process used to change the policy. The questions addressed included how the policy change came about, who was behind it, and how it will affect the way U.S. colleges and universities conduct business. Among those presenting testimony during the first session of the hearing were the following: Lawrence Gladieux, Washington director, the College Board; Richard Rosser, president, National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities; Dr. Ted Shaw, University of Michigan; Hon. Ted Weiss, House of Representatives, who chaired the hearing, and Michael L. Williams, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education. The second day's session was entirely given over to questioning by chairman Weiss of two Department of… [PDF]

(1992). Civil Rights, Diversity, and Accreditation. Hearing before the Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session (June 26, 1991). A congressional hearing was held concerning the Department of Education's failure to grant recognition to the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, a higher education accrediting agency, because of that agency's approach to promoting diversity on college campuses. Following opening statements by the committee members, the hearing's only witness, Secretary of Education Lamar Alexander, testified. He began by noting that the review of Middle States was in process and by addressing the question of using diversity as a criterion for accrediting colleges and universities. He addressed the nature of the original charge to accreditation agencies, which was to assure academic quality standards, and not to check on the racial, ethnic, or gender mix of an institution. Secretary Alexander questioned the appropriateness of Middle States enforcing diversity standards. He also noted the power of these agencies as accreditation is linked to student and institutional federal funding…. [PDF]

(1992). Impact of School Desegregation in Milwaukee Public Schools on Quality Education for Minorities… 15 Years Later. This publication reports on the effects of school desegregation in Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Public Schools 15 years after desegregation was introduced and focuses on the quality of education available for minorities. In particular, the report looks at desegregation and educational outcomes, interracial and human relations, the effect of housing patterns on school desegregation, and strategies such as school choice and the development of black male academies. Information for the report was gathered during field investigations and a day and a half community forum. Report sections cover the context in which the desegregation plan was implemented, educational outcomes, human relations, other strategies to improve education, and the effect of housing patterns on school integration. A final section offering conclusions and recommendations observes that desegregation has not been fully accomplished, grades and scores for black children have declined, disciplinary actions and dropout rates… [PDF]

Payne, John (1991). Active Citizenship & Adult Learning In Inner London. Research Paper in Continuing Education Number 2. The impact of the abolition of the Inner London Educational Authority (ILEA) on adult education in London (England) was explored. Specifically, the impact of abolition, that might support the concept and practice of active citizenship, was studied on three areas of adult education: environmental education, antiracist work, and work with voluntary organizations. Information was gathered from issues of the annual publication "Floodlight," a questionnaire sent to all 18 adult education institutions in London, and follow-up interviews were conducted. Respondents identified four ways in which adult education institutions encouraged people to be active citizens: (1) adult education as a positive social experience; (2) participation in student associations and committees; (3) the curriculum; and (4) priority groups. A generalized funding crisis in Inner London was found to be due to the abolition of ILEA and the implementation of the poll tax. The study also found increasing…

(1987). On Campus with Women. Fall 1986 and Winter 1987. On Campus with Women, v16 n2-3 Fall 1986, Win. Developments in education, employment, and the courts concerning the status of women are covered in two newsletter issues. Topics include the following: the struggle for sex equity in higher education for women faculty; differences in pay for men and women workers; different treatment of men and women students in the classroom; the decline of women's colleges; women's studies programs and the integration of women's studies into the college curriculum; men's studies programs; reentry and older women students; sexual harassment of female staff and students; campus acquaintance rape, date rape, and rape prevention; pornography on campus; concerns and problems of Black and Mexican American women students; low-cost filmstrips on minority women; nontraditional careers; new publications on women in Asia and the Pacific; a teaching kit to broaden the secondary school and college curriculum to include information on the status of women from around the world; and resource publications. (SW)…

(1987). Indian Education Amendments. (Report to Accompany S. 1645). 100th Congress, First Session. In this report, the Select Committee on Indian Affairs, having considered Senate bill 1645 (S. 1645) to reauthorize certain Indian educational programs, presents an amended bill and recommends its passage by unanimous vote. In late 1986, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) proposed to turn over all BIA schools to the states, if affected tribes refused to contract for their operation. Indian reaction to this proposal was strongly negative. S. 1645 as introduced placed BIA schools under Congressional "protection" and froze certain education regulations in place. The Committee substitute bill simply prohibits transfer of BIA schools to non-tribal entities without tribal or Congressional consent, and it establishes regional panels to review BIA education regulations. The amended bill also (1) adds a small formula grant to tribal supplemental programs for early childhood education; (2) rewrites scattered authorizations to create a single document covering the entire Indian… [PDF]

(1982). Tri-State Minority Faculty Employment Opportunity Project. Final Report. This is the final report on a study conducted to identify impediments to the hiring, promotion, and tenure of Blacks and Hispanics in predominantly White colleges and universities. The study also analyzed the problems facing Asians, who were contrasted with Blacks and Hispanics. Section I presents an executive summary of the findings from a questionnaire survey of professionals employed in colleges and universities in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Based on the findings, the issues most salient to the hiring, promotion, and tenure of minorities are used to formulate recommendations in Section II of the report. In Section III, responses to the questionnaire by race, ethnicity, and sex are presented. Interviews conducted with white administrators in predominantly white universities are summarized in Section IV. In Section V, the highlights from the Tri-State Minority Faculty Conference are presented. Nine appendices give supplementary information concerning the questionnaire…

(1980). Women and Employment. Policies for Equal Opportunities. This document contains the proceedings of a high-level conference on the Employment of Women, attended by labor ministers and other high officials of countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Delegates to the conference adopted a 14-point declaration pledging themselves to achieve equality of opportunity particularly for the conditions in the employment of women. During the conference, the representatives examined (1) the implication of high and rising participation rates of women workers in the various countries, despite slack labor markets since the mid-1970's and (2) the persistence of labor market segregation despite equal opportunity policies already practiced in most member countries. This report presents the declaration drawn up by the conference, the analytical papers for the conference, and the opening addresses by the secretary-general of the OECD and the Minister of Labor of Denmark, who served as president of the conference….

(1984). Hispanic Achievement: A Commitment of Community Colleges and Business Enterprise. Proceedings of the Hispanic Roundtable Meeting (Phoenix, Arizona, May 23-24, 1984). Four major topics are addressed in these papers presented at the Hispanic Roundtable meeting: current staffing patterns at community colleges, transferability trends among Hispanic students, employment barriers, and legislative issues. Introductory comments by Maria Barrera are followed by Mary Jane Garza's paper, "Current Staffing Patterns," which looks at the underrepresentation of minorities in faculty and administrative positions at community colleges and the need for institutionalized processes to dismantle the barriers to access, representation, and participation. "Hispanic Student and Transfer Patterns in the Community College," by Arthur M. Cohen reviews literature and data on Hispanic students' participation rates in postsecondary education, academic achievement, criticisms of two-year college education, recent efforts to improve minority access and transfer rates, and needed changes in policy and practice. Ida Katherine Warren's paper, "Barriers to… [PDF]

(1985). On Campus with Women. Spring 1985 [and] Summer 1985. On Campus with Women, v14 n4 Spr 1985 v15 n1 Sum. Developments in education, employment, and the courts concerning the status of women are covered in two newsletter issues. Data are included on the specialties of women faculty and the type of institution employing them; salary and rank of women faculty and their tenure status; and employment patterns and salaries of women administrators. Additional topics include: nontraditional careers pursued by women; women's studies programs; sexual harassment of women students and staff; campus rape; the status of women in Europe; resources on disabled women and girls; a guide for integrating academic feminist scholarship and perspectives into traditional curricula; women in senior administrative posts; women and public policy; a directory of women's media; and a resource for locating women's periodicals. A 1984 article from \Ms./Campus Times\ is also included: \What Lies Beyond 'The Woman as Victim' Construct–New Directions for Women's Studies.\ The growth of women's studies centers,…

(1977). Third Midyear Desegregation Status Report for Public Postsecondary Education Institutions in the State of Maryland. In 1974, the State of Maryland developed its plan for the desegregation of post secondary educational institutions. In this report the progress of desegregation in the State's colleges and universities is described. Major desegregation efforts since 1974 are reviewed, with an emphasis on recent fiscal developments. Major activities undertaken by the State Board of Education in support of the integration plan are summarized for the year prior to the report's publication. These activities include programs for minority students, faculty and administrator exchange programs, reviews of legislation, and evaluative and descriptive reports on the impact of desegregation. The resources utilized for implementing the plan in the public institutions and agencies of higher education are discussed. Appropriations of funds and personnel for fiscal 1978 are shown in statistical tables. Midyear desegregation status reports are presented for 30 community colleges, four year colleges, and…

(1977). The Time Is Now. Wanted: More Women. This publication of six speeches, presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the National Council of Administrative Women in Education (NCAWE), February 1977, is intended to provide both information and inspiration for enabling women and men to channel their talents and energy into social action that will be geared toward achieving equity for women. Virginia Y. Trotter contends that women's aspirations and abilities are untapped. Joan Abramson focuses on higher education in citing denials of justice to women. Carrie Ayers Haynes describes her successful attempt in humanizing school management at an elementary school. Dorothy R. Godfrey poses the questions of what women can do to assure justice for American women, how they can become agents of change, and what women are doing about building support groups. Maxine Buie Mimms presents a model for power among administrative women in education. Mabelle G. McCullough discusses the status of women administrators and suggests activities NCAWE…

Harpalani, Vinay (2004). Simple Justice or Complex Injustice?: American Racial Dynamics and the Ironies of "Brown" and "Grutter". Penn GSE Perspectives on Urban Education, v3 n1 Fall. On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court rendered one of the most important legal decisions in American history. With its first opinion in the "Brown v. Board of Education," the Court ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Writing for the Court, Chief Justice Earl Warren stated that racial segregation should not be allowed even if Black and White schools had equal funding, equal opportunities, and were equivalent in all other resources. The eventual result of the "Brown" decision was the complete breakdown of the legally mandated, or de jure segregation. In 2003, the Supreme Court upheld limited use of race-conscious admissions policies in the University of Michigan Law School case, "Grutter v. Bollinger"; however, even this small victory was threatened in 2004 by the so-called Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, a proposed referendum to eliminate race-conscious measures in all state-sponsored venues. In this essay, the… [PDF]

McCarthy, Martha M.; And Others (1978). Training Manual: Equity for Women in Higher Education Project. Guidelines for using training materials that are designed to advance women's equity are presented. This resource manual accompanies materials developed by Indiana University and may be used in conjunction with training sessions for administrators and policy-makers in postsecondary institutions or by individuals or groups interested in equity issues. Attention is directed to a possible format for using the materials in a one-day training session along with adaptations of the materials for a university course on equity for women in higher education. In addition to the sample format for a one-day workshop, suggestions for evaluating the workshop, a checklist of needed facilities and materials, and descriptions of the materials developed by the Indiana team are presented. The hypothetical course would consist of 15 class sessions of three hours each. A general course outline and suggestions for using the materials in each of the 15 sessions are presented, along with descriptions of… [PDF]

Boozer, Howard R.; And Others (1978). [The Status of Higher Education and the College Environment. Collected Remarks.]. Conference papers and panel remarks concerning the role of state coordinating or governing boards, trends in higher education since before World War II, and implications of the Bakke decision are presented as part of an inservice education program. In "Life in the Centrifuge–Panel Remarks," Howard R. Boozer suggests that higher education as part of a political arena has to compete for resources. Governors and legislatures have created planning, coordinating, and governing boards to assist them in allocating available resources. The boards must interact with institutions, state government, local and regional interests, and federal interests. In "College: The Center of the Universe," G. Theodore Mitau describes the atmosphere of higher education before and after World War II with reference to academic requirements, the mission of state teachers colleges, land-grant universities, liberal arts colleges, faculty recruitment, broadened access with the G. I. Bill of… [PDF]

Cathie, Shirley B. (1979). Select…from All Your Options. Teacher Guide to Vocational Education. Project SELECT (Strategies for Equalizing and Linking Education and Career Training) is a means of promoting sex equity in vocational education and career preparation. SELECT consists of three handbooks for middle or junior high school students, teachers, and parents and a resource booklet entitled "Women at Work." These materials are designed to help show that significant change is occurring in vocational education due to the increased number of women now working outside the home and other changes taking place in American society. This document includes the handbook for teachers and is divided into five units. These units provide information and activities to help the student in the following areas: (1) thinking about career options open to them; (2) understanding the laws promoting sex equity in education; (3) exploring individual interests, abilities, and training needs; (4) becoming more aware of social changes, especially changes in the labor market for women; and (5)…

Cloud, Sherrill (1980). Equity Self-Assessment in Postsecondary-Education Institutions. Issues concerning equity in postsecondary education are examined with respect to students as well as institutional employees. A list of individual characteristics and circumstances that can relate to equity issues is presented to aid college administrators analyze and identify equity target populations applicable in the institution. The major equity issues that colleges and universities have in common regarding students and employees are identified, a general framework to help administrators in their evaluation is presented, as are examples of analyses that may be guides for equity reviews. The need for the top administrators of a college to review equity issues, set priorities and goals, and determine the level and type of commitment desired on an institution-wide basis is addressed. The way in which the equity commitment of the top administrators is institutionalized is considered by providing examples of processes and activities that can be utilized and coordinated to implement… [PDF]

(1977). [Joseph Crofts, et al., Plaintiffs, vs. Board of Governors of California Community Colleges, et al., Defendants. Consent Decree.]. A consent decree between Joseph Crofts, et al., and the Board of Governors of California Community Colleges terminating litigation regarding alleged patterns and practices of discrimination in employment and education against persons of Spanish heritage at Contra Costa College is presented. The decree outlines provisions to be followed under the following five areas: (1) employment–hiring at least two Spanish heritage persons for administrative positions and at least three for instructional positions within three years, and establishing a three-year Spanish heritage vocational education access project; (2) educational and student services–employing two bilingual persons to recruit Spanish heritage students, employing at least one bilingual person of Spanish heritage in the admissions and financial aid offices, evaluating readiness programs in terms of Spanish heritage student retention rates, providing tutorial assistance when possible, consulting with the nursing program…

Justiz, Manuel J.; Wilson, Reginald (1988). Minorities in Higher Education: Confronting a Time Bomb. Educational Record, v68 n4 v69 n1 p8-14 Fall-Win 1987-88. Changing demographics are an explosive issue for higher education because colleges and universities have not brought minorities onto their campuses in numbers comparable to their representation in society. Declining participation of minorities will have severe repercussions for the future. (MLW)…

Heller, Scott (1986). Women Flock to Graduate School in Record Numbers, but Fewer Blacks are Entering the Academic Pipeline: Blacks. Chronicle of Higher Education, v33 n2 p1,24 Sep 10. Recognizing that today's graduate student is tomorrow's professor, some institutions have begun working to convince minority-group members that faculty careers will be prestigious, rewarding, and available. Their efforts center on increased financial support in the form of graduate and postdoctoral fellowships. (MLW)…