(1990). Crossing the Bridge to Equality and Excellence: A Vision of Quality and Integrated Education for Connecticut. This report is the product of 17 months of research, consultation, and discussions; and it presents the views of the Connecticut Governor's Commission on Quality and Integrated Education. Connecticut has long acknowledged an affirmative responsibility to desegregate the public schools and guarantee educational quality for all students. The Commission found that the goal of "quality and intergrated education" currently is blocked by increasing racial isolation (i.e., the majority of Connecticut's students remain isolated from daily educational contact with students of other races and ethnic groups). Following its research into the dimensions of racial isolation in education in Connecticut and nationally, the Commission developed the following six findings: (1) educational opportunity cannot be addressed in isolation and public policy should be linked in the cooperative enterprise of removing barriers to achievement and of promoting the common ground that strengthens all in…

Stone, Frank Andrews (1992). Public School Desegregation/Redesign: A Case Study in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana. Urban Education Reports Number Fourteen. This publication presents a case study of the public school desegregation and redesign program of the East Baton Rouge Parish (Louisiana) School System, focusing on the 5 years from 1987 to 1992. Chapter 1 describes the setting and background, the sociocultural history of the area since pre-Revolutionary War days, the role and treatment of African Americans, and the events leading up to desegregation and redesign. Chapter 2 presents a history of the redesign plan from 1987 to 1992, including school restructuring ideology, implementation, and the marketing of school enhancements. Chapter 3 discusses the school desegregation and redesign efforts through a review of research, media coverage, and evaluations; and it contains field study/participant observation data for this case study. Chapter 4 presents and analyzes findings and conclusions in light of public school issues in Connecticut where desegregation and school redesign are also issues. Included are 4 maps, 6 tables, 6… [PDF]

(1991). A Manual for Implementation of the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Amendments Act: Title VII-B. This manual is designed to be used to acquaint Michigan State school and community members with provisions and requirements of the Steward B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Amendments Act of 1990. This act authorizes local and intermediate school districts to use competitive funding and to implement innovative laws, policies, and procedures that ensure a free and appropriate education for school-age homeless children and youth. The manual summarizes background information and provides a brief description of the impact of homelessness on the educational and social development of homeless children and homeless youth. The manual provides suggestions for achieving educational success for this population. In addition, the manual details the role of the State Board of Education and that of local and intermediate school boards. (JB)… [PDF]

D'Souza, Dinesh (1991). Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus. This book addresses the issue of angry campus confrontations over issues of race, gender, and ethnicity, and more broadly, the dilemma of the college's and university's ability and desire to attain the goals of liberal education while also desiring to be "politically correct." It is noted that student activists have split the university on moral grounds, charging that universities are "structurally" racist, sexist, homophobic, and class biased. It is argued that, while generally unrestrained by administration and unopposed by senior faculty, junior faculty activists, in their eagerness to create a multicultural community, demand and receive changes in admissions and other policies on the basis of race and gender categories, rather than intellectual merit. Case histories examine the admissions policies of the University of California at Berkeley, the multiculturalism at Stanford University, the roots of protest at Howard University, racial incidents at the…

(1988). Planning for the Class of 2005: A Vision for the Future. The Strategic Plan for Higher Education in New Mexico. This long-range plan for higher education in New Mexico is designed as a guide for decision making rather than a plan for individual colleges. Introductory sections explain the development of the plan; planning principles and assumptions; conclusions about economic development, demography, and education in New Mexico; goals and priorities; and a vision for the future of higher education in the state. The bulk of the report consists of 32 policy statements. The first set focuses on the development of the higher education system, including statements on institutional role and mission, 2-year postsecondary education, 2-year college role and mission, comprehensive institutional planning, consortia, and interstate compacts. The second group of policies deal with the quality of education in New Mexico, including statements on a statewide accountability program, state-level program review, accreditation, faculty quality and renewal, endowed faculty chairs, technology transfer, adequate and… [PDF]

Cordero, William J. (1990). Coordination of Effort among Student Services Programs. A Report. Since 1969, the California community colleges have established a number of programs to provide additional assistance to a diverse community college student population, including the Board Financial Assistance Program, Cooperative Agencies Resources for Education, Disabled Students Programs and Services, Extended Opportunity Programs and Services, and Immigration Reform and Control Act amnesty education, California's matriculation process, the Puente Project, and the state's Transfer Centers. Each of these programs was established at a separate point in time with explicit standards for eligibility and services. Concerns have arisen regarding the need to minimize the duplication of effort in the delivery of student services, promote efficient and effective use of resources, and plan for the coordination of efforts among the many special programs. Several factors affect the coordination of student services, including: (1) initial screening of all credit students through the…

Brodsky, Stanley M. (1990). Campus Seminars/Workshops To Improve Recruitment and Retention of Women and Minorities in Associate Degree Science and Engineering Technology Programs. Final Report. In light of the projected growth in the percentages of women and minorities in the work force, as well as the need for increased skills among workers, a project was developed to improve recruitment and retention of women and minorities in associate degree science and engineering technology programs. The project involved on-campus seminars/workshops at three community colleges in the New York City area offering associate degree science and/or engineering technology programs (i.e., Bronx Community College, New York City Technical College, and Queensborough Community College). More than 140 college personnel attended, primarily teaching faculty, counselors and academic administrators. Each on-campus event was jointly planned with key campus personnel and was configured to meet local area needs. Expert presenters communicated both formally and informally with the participants and specially assembled kits of materials were distributed. More than 60% of all participants completing program…

Glazer, Judith S. (1985). Education for the Disadvantaged: The Higher Education Opportunity Program in New York State. Rockefeller Institute Reprints, n18 p1-10 Fall. The article examines the impact of New York State's Higher Education Opportunity Program (HEOP) after 13 years of implementation at 70 institutions, focusing on the effects of participation by underprepared, low-income students. Considered also are college admission and enrollment policies, academic support services, and budgets. The study analyzed results of questionnaires and interviews with 37 HEOP program directors, as well as data from annual reports of the State Education Department and participating colleges. Positive findings included HEOP's clarity of mission and well-defined student population; the heightened awareness achieved by compensatory programs and availability of financial aid; and more efficient and imaginative coordination of federal, state, and institutional funding sources. Eight recommendations address the need for continued funding of opportunity programs, replicating programs and services that improve achievement, more systematic efforts in working with… [PDF]

Ellis, Michael O. (1986). Indiana Guide to Sex Equity in Vocational Education. This publication for Indiana vocational education personnel is intended to raise some sex equity issues. In its best use, it provides educators with a bibliography of resources available from the Library Services and Consultation and Field Services units of Vocational Education Services (VES). Section 1 on the problem of equity discusses the reasons for concern, provides facts on U.S. and Indiana working women, and presents an occupational equity quiz. Section 2 focuses on what sex equity is. It contains a list of milestones in the history of sex equity; definitions; brief discussions of nine issues in equity, each followed by a mini-bibliography; child care fact sheets; and \Training the Woman to Know Her Place: The Social Antecedents of Women in the Work World\ (Sandra and Daryl Bem). Section 3 on laws and regulations offers summaries of major legislation, federal regulations, and other important legislation. A mini-bibliography follows each summary. Each of these first three…

Samuels, Frank (1985). Closing the Door: The Future of Minorities in Two-Year Institutions. Current social, economic, and policy trends threaten to erase the gains in educational access and attainment minorities have made since 1960. The educational reform movements of the past two decades reinforced the concepts of equity and opportunity, but in the face of financial exigency and retrenchment, driven by state legislatures and public pressures, there is a heightened concern about education's role in the national economy, and the feeling has emerged that excellence has been eroded in the pursuit of equity. This paper explores the issues and trends of minority participation in the community college system in particular, and in higher education in general. In addition, strategies that community colleges can use to address the issues are suggested. The paper focuses on: (1) the impact of minority population increase on the community college; (2) minority enrollment patterns; (3) equity and excellence; (4) selective admissions and competency testing; (5) financial aid; (6) the…

(1987). On Campus with Women. Spring 1987 and Summer 1987. On Campus with Women, v16 n1 Spr 1987 v17 n1 Sum. Developments in education, employment, and the courts concerning the status of women are covered in two newsletter issues. Topics include the following: Black women's educational history, Hispanic women in psychology, the effect of race and sex on wages, results of surveys on attitudes about sex roles, unequal financial aid awards to women, prizes and awards for women, the need for women and minorities on accrediting boards, academic women in science, the number of science degrees earned by women, higher salaries for male faculty, campus rape, peer harassment of women students by male students, date rape and what colleges are doing about it, date rape curriculum guide, sexual harassment materials aimed at faculty, campus actions to reduce sexual assault, women's studies, equity resources for teacher educators, feminist media directory, inequities for women's athletic programs, the history of coeducation, pregnancy leave, funding for the Women's Educational Equity Act program, campus…

(1988). An Assessment of Urban Community Colleges Transfer Opportunities Program. The Ford Foundation's Second Stage Transfer Opportunity Awards. Final Report. As part of its Urban Community College Transfer Opportunities Program (UCCTOP), the Ford Foundation funded 24 community colleges to design and implement activities to increase the number of minority students obtaining associate degrees and transferring to four-year institutions. Subsequently, the Foundation gave larger grants to five of these colleges to continue their activities for a second year. Each of these five institutions took a different approach to stimulating student flow: (1) Cuyahoga Community College, Ohio, established a Center for Articulation and Transfer focusing on linkages with high schools and four-year institutions; (2) the projects at LaGuardia Community College, New York, emphasized the improvement of the the flow of information to students; (3) Miami-Dade Community College, Florida, integrated its UCCTOP activities with such ongoing programs as mandatory testing and placement, extensive remedial instruction, and enforced standards of academic progress; (4)…

Pulliams, Preston (1988). An Urban Community College Attempts To Assure Student Achievement: Creative Minority Initiatives. The Community College of Philadelphia's Minority Education Initiative Program was created to increase the enrollment of Black and Hispanic students through pro-active recruitment and retention strategies. One component of the initiative, a minority mentoring program, was developed and pilot tested in spring 1988. Faculty and staff volunteers in the mentor program assist in orientation and pre-registration, meet regularly with students, act as brokers between the students and the college services they may need, and provide letters of recommendation. Another aspect of the initiative is a recruitment campaign which works with community agencies, high schools, local churches, and the mayor's office to target minority communities. A third component, involving the assessment of students' individual orientation needs, was launched in spring 1988. A survey of student information needs was followed by a series of seminars on such topics as financial aid, career exploration and decision…

Kappner, Augusta Souza (1989). Remarks by President Augusta Souza Kappner at the 1989 AACJC Convention Forum, "Leadership toward Empowerment: The National Agenda for Blacks in the 21st Century.". A comprehensive national plan is needed to reverse the declining enrollment and employment of blacks in higher education. Over the last decade, government policies such as cuts in financial aid and the erosion of Head Start, child care, and other programs that benefit the poor have contributed to the negatives trends in minority enrollment. In addition, the inhospitable climate of many college campuses, the small number of black faculty members, and the eurocentric focus of curricula have contributed to the flight of blacks from college. To counteract these trends and conditions, seven issues must be addressed: access to higher education, cultural diversity, racism, research, systematized networking, the effects of institutional policies, and leadership and mentoring. The Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) has been acting upon these issues in a number of ways: (1) the college works with city, state, and community organizations to address a diverse array of community needs…

(1989). Special Programs for Minority Students at Illinois Community Colleges. Since the enactment of state legislation designed to address the underrepresentation of minorities, women, and the handicapped, Illinois institutions of higher education have developed many programs to address this problem. These efforts include a range of approaches from those focusing primarily on motivating students and strengthening their academic skills to those involving minority families and the local community. Several features are incorporated in these programs in varying degrees: (1) the programs involve regular college faculty; (2) they create a positive, academic environment through mentoring and peer counseling; (3) they depend on a positive relationship between the college and minority community; (4) they emphasize continuous collaboration with elementary/secondary schools and four-year institutions; (5) they receive support and promotion from college leadership; and (6) they are organized as a unit in order to provide a package of services and activities needed by… [PDF]

(1981). Women in Medical Academia Model: A National Experiment in Planned Change. This project involved a broad multi-faceted national program to increase participation and recognition of women, including minority women, in medical education. It included a grass roots change agency to initiate, coordinate, sustain, measure, and disseminate carefully planned educational reform. Activities carried out during the 7-year project included the following: (1) educational research internships and preceptorships focusing primarily on issues of educational equity were given to 13 women; (2) a comprehensive installation plan for the initiation and development of the role of educational research specialist was designed and implemented on local levels; (3) a national workshop on women in medical academia, attended by 18 medical school administrators, was conducted in order to encourage a supportive environment for programs for women; (4) a minority women in medical academia research and action workshop was conducted; (5) assistance in design and evaluation of continuing… [PDF]

Etheridge, Sandra Y. (1982). The Impact of Title VII on the Woman in Academic Science. The effect of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on the numbers and status of women in the academic physical sciences is addressed, and historical trends since the beginning of the century regarding the participation of women in education and science are briefly reviewed. The percentage of women doctoral degree recipients grew steadily from 16 percent in 1920 until peaking at 21 percent in 1945, and then declined following World War II, reaching a low of 9 percent in 1954. Although higher education expanded rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, the science fields, particularly the physical sciences, still do not have a large contingent of women faculty. As originally passed, Title VII prohibited sex discrimination by employers in hiring or firing; in compensation; in terms, conditions, or privileges of employment; or limiting, segregating, or classifying employees or applicants. It is claimed that the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 amendment did not clear up the confusion…

Griffin, Howard (1982). Legal Issues Surrounding Section 504. Business Officer, p22-25 Jun. Recent litigation under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and unresolved issues in the application of section 504 to colleges and universities are examined. Section 504 is a federal statute expressing a national commitment to end discrimination against individuals on the basis of handicap. Three issues that currently confound efficient implementation of section 504 are as follows: (1) the meaning of "otherwise qualified" in the statutory text; (2) whether and to what extent affirmative steps must be taken by recipients of federal financial assistance to permit handicapped persons to participate in programs; and (3) whether section 504 applies only to those individual programs or activities that benefit directly from federal financial assistance, or to all programs and activities of an institution that receives federal financial assistance for any of its programs or activities. "Qualified handicapped person" is defined by the implementing regulations…

Cohen, Arthur M. (1981). Institutional Factors Affecting Student Participation in Community College Science Programs. Drawing upon the responses of 268 instructors of randomly selected class sections offered at the Los Angeles Community College District during Fall 1980, this paper assesses the role of the faculty in remedying the underrepresentation of women, minorities, and the handicapped in science education. The paper first summarizes probable causes of this underrepresentation and then discusses the survey findings, focusing particularly on the characteristics of the 99 science instructors and their responses to questions related to: (1) their activities to recruit more students, particularly handicapped, women, and minority students, into their classes; (2) the importance of 14 activities and skills in terms of students' success in their courses; (3) the kinds of support services that were and should be promoted by their colleges; (4) the percentage of students needing seven specified support services, whether teachers' would recommend these services, and reasons why students do not take… [PDF]

Polit, Denise; And Others (1979). Utilization of Women in Industrial Career Fields. Final Report for Period 14 March 1977-28 April 1978. To expand the use of women in nontraditional industrial careers, the U.S. Air Force examined the questions of recruiting, selecting, and training women for traditionally male blue collar work. An extensive review of the literature revealed that little empirical data on the effectiveness of various administrative policies had been collected. The Air Force also collected original data concerning civilian policies on the use of women in nontraditional industrial careers. A pilot study was performed in which information was collected from three industrial corporations employing a significant number of women in skilled industrial jobs; questionnaires were administered to personnel administrators, frontline supervisors, and managers. Based on the literature review, the data analysis, and recommendations by respondents in the pilot study, it was recommended that the Air Force (among other things) (1) offer extensive counseling to new recruits and enlisted women, (2) emphasize the positive… [PDF]

Carr, David J.; Chittum, Carol (1979). A Study to Identify Non-Academic Factors Which May Positively Influence the Recruitment and Retention of "Other Race" Students at Virginia's State-Supported Institutions of Higher Education. Final Report. Nonacademic factors that may influence recruitment and retention of black students at predominantly white colleges and of white students at predominantly black colleges in Virginia were studied. The study was designed to identify the special problems of these students and the nonacademic activities designed to address those problems. Twenty-one state-supported senior and community colleges were surveyed. It was found that for all institutions recruitment activities and special admission procedures account for the largest number of nonacademic activities reported, nearly doubling the number in any other activity category. Fewer than half of the 21 institutions reported that they provided counseling and instructional outreach activities for prospective applicants and peer counseling activities for newly accepted and entering students. The scope of cocurricular and extracurricular activities reported by black institutions is considerably more limited than that reported by white…

Brown, Susan E.; Marenco, Eduardo, Jr. (1980). Law School Admissions Study. Law school admission of minorities, and in particular Hispanics, is addressed, based on results of a study of California law schools and analyses of current trends and alternative admission and testing approaches. Information obtained on current admissions procedures in American Bar Association-approved California law schools led to the conclusion that minority enrollment, especially Hispanic enrollment, will not likely increase. This conclusion rests on the findings that admissions decisions, for the most part, are based on GPA/LSAT scores; it is suggested that minority applicants tend to have lower GPA/LSAT scores than their white peers. Additionally, the issues involved in professional school admissions are examined, and constitutional means for facilitating minority access to professions from which certain groups have been historically underrepresented or even excluded are explored. Alternative admissions standards and a model bar review program are proposed. The Bakke decision,…

Howard, Suzanne (1978). But We Will Persist. A Comparative Research Report on the Status of Women in Academe. A national survey was conducted by the American Association of University Women (AAUW) in 1970 to assess the status of women on U.S. campuses and the extent of their participation at all levels of involvement as students, administrators, faculty, and trustees. The study, "Campus 1970, Where Do Women Stand?" involved over 450 colleges and universities holding corporate membership in AAUW. An update is provided of "Campus 1970," which was designed to provide information about changes and trends in the status of women. The earlier report provided data for the years 1967-70, and the more recent survey concentrates on developments from 1973-76. The recent survey sought to identify new programs, structures, and practices that have been initiated by colleges and universities, and problems college presidents have faced and perceived areas of need in complying with the Title IX regulation. Contents of the report are: a summary of the major findings of the study;…

(1979). Climbing the Academic Ladder: Doctoral Women Scientists in Academe. The status of women scientists in academic institutions is examined as well as women's current situation in postdoctoral training and their role on national science advisory boards. Obstacles that women must overcome to become professional scientists are discussed in Chapter I, focusing on cultural and structural factors. Characteristics, educational patterns, and supply of women doctorates in the sciences are examined in Chapter II. Men and women were found to be similar in quality, length of time spent to earn a degree, and in proportions that are trained at highly rated institutions. Chapter III examines sex differences in postdoctoral training patterns. Recent developments in the academic employment of men and women scientists are discussed in Chapter IV. Changes in numbers, rank, tenure, and salary are investigated. It is noted that the increase in women Ph.D.'s that began in the 1960's has been followed by an increase in their presence among science faculties. Participation of…

Koon, Jeff (1979). Undergraduate and Graduate Enrollments of Blacks and Chicanos at UCB. Data are presented concerning the enrollments of Black and Chicano graduate and undergraduate students at the University of California at Berkeley. Some problems, particularly those stemming from academic decision-making at the undergraduate level, are noted. A number of problematic academic decisions that are (were) likely to affect negatively the recruitment and retention of Black and Chicano students are covered. Data are presented on the enrollments for these two groups by department and level for 1974 and 1978. Data on Black and Hispanic enrollments for the Berkeley campus are contrasted with those systemwide, and other related information are also presented. It is concluded that the decline in Black undergraduate enrollments at the Berkeley campus and the low level of enrollment of Hispanic graduate and undergraduate students have impaired progress across the University of California system as a whole. (SW)…

Fleming, Virginia, Ed.; And Others (1975). Financial Barriers to Equal Access in Higher Education. The issue of financing postsecondary education was discussed from the point of view of low-income and minority students in Southern states. Additional discussions not reported in this monograph were reflected in the recommendations from the conference that were published separately. Emphasis in these papers was on the proper relationship of tuition levels and student aid, and the proper balance of federal and state support of higher education. This monograph contains four major parts dealing with (1) the problem of race and class inequities; (2) higher education finance and its effect on equal opportunity: two approaches to public policy; (3) southern state policies and programs, state financial aid programs and student access, some documents on educational finance in the South; and (4) statistical appendices on race and income inequities, participation of blacks in federal and state student aid programs, and public college tuition charges in the South. It is noted that southern… [PDF]

Bugenhagen, Denise; And Others (1976). Title IX Self-Assessment Guide for Financial Aid Officers. This self-assessment guide is designed to help financial aid offices review their policies, procedures, and practices to determine if they are in compliance with Title IX regulations. The questionnaire addresses itself to both the proportions of aid received by men and women as well as the institution's prevailing policies that determine those proportions. The guide details the demographic information necessary for the self-assessment; the type of information that should be contained in the institutions publications and informational brochures regarding nondiscrimination on the basis of sex; and application procedures and policies. A need analysis format is provided as are specific guidelines for various types of aid programs, including fellowships, scholarships, grants, endowments, outside sources of funds and single-sex scholarships, athletic scholarships, student employment, assistantships, and loans. The questionnaire provides a guide for evaluation of the existing policies and… [PDF]

Lenth, Charles S. (1988). States Strive to Close the Gaps. Journal of State Government, v61 n2 p55-61 Mar-Apr. America's future lies in the growing number of minority group children. Past failure to educate minority children bodes ill for America's ability to compete economically. Our future depends on fully educating these youth and ensuring that minorities are fully represented in our corps of teachers, professors, and professionals. (Author/BJV)…

Manuel, Rick (1996). Innovations in Postsecondary Articulation: Advancing Opportunities for Community College Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Final Report. In 1993, Kankakee Community College (KCC) (Illinois) initiated a project to reduce the problems associated with transfer from the community college to out-of-state universities by developing a strong structure of articulation agreements, recruiting opportunities, and transfer advising. The project attempted to serve under-represented students and develop transfer agreements with five out-of-state Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU's), and to assist Malcolm X College and Prairie State College (Illinois) to accomplish the same goal. As a result, articulation agreements were completed between KCC and the HBCU's, an understanding of the participating universities was developed by community college advisors, transfer advising was improved for out-of-state transfer, new services were offered to the community, and relationships were strengthened between the HBCU's and KCC. Approximately 100 students participated, with relatively high rates of retention. Problems included… [PDF]

Baylard, Dana Reece, Ed. (1997). Mt. San Jacinto College Student Equity Plan Update, 1997. The Student Equity Plan developed by California's Mount San Jacinto College (MSJC) is intended to ensure equal access of historically underrepresented and ethnic minority students. This update provides current information on the goals and activities involved in the plan. An executive summary reviews state legislation mandating the development of student equity plans, the goals and initiatives of the plan, and student equity indicators used at MSJC. The second section provides background information in the plan's development, and the third offers suggestions for improving campus climate. The fourth section discusses student access at MSJC, illustrates the percentages of ethnic groups in the college service area and student body, and suggests that the college's funding be increased in order to adequately serve all students. Sections five through eight offer data by ethnic group and gender on basic skills completion, successful course completion, degree and certificate completion, and… [PDF]