(2005). Diversity & the Ph.D.: A Review of Efforts to Broaden Race & Ethnicity in U.S. Doctoral Education. Executive Summary. Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation (NJ1) Created through Woodrow Wilson's Responsive Ph.D. initiative, \Diversity and the Ph.D.\ looks at a range of mechanisms through which foundations, government agencies, and nonprofits have sought to recruit and retain more minority students in U.S. doctoral programs. Drawing on interviews with the leaders of 13 such programs, the report also points to circumstances that increasingly impede their work. This paper highlights findings and recommendations on minority recruitment and retention in American doctoral education. (Contains 5 footnotes.) [For the full report, \Diversity & the Ph.D.: A Review of Efforts to Broaden Race & Ethnicity in U.S. Doctoral Education,\ see ED536864.]… [PDF]

Givens, Richard A. (1978). Manhart in the Light of Bakke. Employee Relations Law Journal, v4 n3 p330-38 Win 1978-79. Decisions in both the Bakke and Manhart cases reflect a refusal to permit membership in a group to be the basis for the exclusion or inclusion of an individual in certain places. Problems surrounding the concept of equal opportunity and equal benefits for individuals are discussed in their historical, social, and legal contexts. (SF)…

Mincberg, Elliot M.; Tatel, David S. (1989). The 1988-89 Term of the U.S. Supreme Court and Its Impact on the Public Schools. West's Education Law Reporter, v55 n3 p827-45 Nov 9. Summarizes the Supreme Court's 1988-89 term in five sections: (1) civil rights in the context of employment and other liability-related issues; (2) special education; (3) freedom of speech and religion issues; (4) school desegregation; and (5) school finance-related issues. A list of all cases discussed, including case citations, is included at the end of the summary. (MLF)…

Gonsalves, Tosca O.; McCook, Kathleen de la Pena (1993). The Research University and Education for Librarianship: Considerations for User-Centered Professionals in Libraries. Journal of Library Administration, v19 n3-4 p193-207. Considers librarians' preparation for research university libraries. Topics discussed include the library's role in the research university, including advances in information technology and a knowledge management environment; user-centered librarians; scholarly communication; the concept of a learning society; and the need for a more diverse population in the profession. (Contains 32 references.) (LRW)…

Lang, Marvel (1992). Barriers to Blacks' Educational Achievement in Higher Education: A Statistical and Conceptual Review. Journal of Black Studies, v22 n4 p510-22 Jun. Examines trends in the educational achievement of African Americans at secondary and postsecondary levels using data from various national surveys. Barriers to educational achievement are described, and intervention strategies for improving African-American success in higher education are reviewed. Increasing minority participation will require serious commitments by institutions of higher education. (SLD)…

Justiz, Manuel J.; Kameen, Marilyn C. (1988). Increasing the Representation of Minorities in the Teaching Profession. Peabody Journal of Education, v66 n1 p91-100 Fall. Discusses the impact of demographic trends in the United States and state-mandated teacher certification practices on the minority teacher population in elementary and secondary schools. Lists six elements which should be included in a comprehensive teacher certification process aimed at assisting minority teacher candidates in becoming certified. (SM)…

Martin, Galen (1991). A Time to Redouble Support for Desegregation of Schools and Housing. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v18 n2 p15-21 Sum. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall's retirement and his successor's selection should be the occasion for rededication to the goals of desegregation of schools and housing. The history of civil rights legislation and school desegregation is traced. Barriers to desegregation and equality should increase a Black individual's determination to succeed. (SLD)…

(2006). Strategic Plan to Ensure Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Connecticut Public Higher Education, 2006. Annual Report. Connecticut Department of Higher Education (NJ1) Increasing the participation of minority groups at public colleges and universities is a longstanding goal of the Board of Governors for Higher Education, as first outlined in its 1983 "Strategic Plan to Ensure Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Connecticut Public Higher Education." The minority groups defined by the plan are: Hispanic/Latino, African American, Asian American and Native American–listed in order of their current proportional presence in the state's population. Subsequently, the Board's "Strategic Plan" was enacted by the state legislature, which since 1986 has provided the Board with an annual allocation to promote achievement of the plan's diversity goals. Although the plan mandates no numeric goals, it holds campuses to the ideal that the racial and ethnic make-up of their students, graduates and professional staff should reflect the diversity of the state's residents. The overall trends are: (1) In fall 2005, minorities numbered 23,537 or 24.9… [PDF]

Goodman, Allan E. (1996). Diversity in Governance: A Status Report. This report investigates the effects of diversity on governance by examining the supply and demand for minorities trained in public policy analysis and management and international affairs specialties at the federal level. The data were obtained from various U.S. Government published reports. Topics covered concerning the supply side include: college participation rates; enrollment trends in graduate professional programs in public policy and international affairs analysis and management; and diversity initiatives in higher education. Among topics covered concerning the demand side are: foundation support for public policy and international affairs; federal programs in international affairs; diversity in the federal civilian workforce; diversity at the professional level; trends in achieving equal employment opportunity; minority recruitment; diversity and international affairs; diversity in management intern programs, and diversity within a variety of specific U.S. Government…

Roberts, Charlie D.; And Others (1992). Computer-Based Data Used To Support a College's Minority Education Initiative. The Minority Education Initiative (MEI) was developed and implemented at Mott Community College to support minority academic success. The initiative included student and faculty recruitment, multicultural enrichment, support services, and articulation with other educational institutions and businesses. Objectives of the MEI were to increase the quantity of minority students by 9.5% and minority faculty by 8% over a period of 3 years. A task force was created to assist the college in its minority student outreach plans. Accomplishments and special projects developed by the task force are listed, including the following: a mentor program; diversity fellowship luncheons; the endowment of a scholarship; a Hispanic student outreach program; a Hispanic Heritage Month dinner; a tribute to Martin Luther King, Jr.; a citywide minority awards ceremony; a presentation by the United Negro College Fund (UNCF) Teen Steering Committee and a UNCF drive; an urban league salute to Black scholars; a…

Martinez, Deirdre; Perez, Sonia M. (1993). State of Hispanic America 1993: Toward a Latino Anti-Poverty Agenda. With this report the National Council of La Raza begins to formulate a coherent framework for assessing proposed solutions to the problems of Hispanic American poverty. Poverty among Hispanic Americans is persistent and severe. More than one in four Hispanic Americans and two in five Hispanic children are poor. This discussion of the dimensions of Latino poverty reveals that the disadvantaged economic situation can be explained largely by the poverty of the four groups: the working poor; female-headed households; Puerto Ricans; and children. The outcomes of the following four public policy strategies on Hispanic poverty are considered: (1) equalizing educational attainment; (2) eliminating the effects of employment discrimination; (3) making work more rewarding; and (4) guaranteeing affordable housing. Other issues cannot be ignored, but anti-poverty approaches that address these four issues have the potential to reduce the number of Hispanic poor significantly. In addition, these… [PDF]

Diaz, Carlos, Ed. (1992). Multicultural Education for the 21st Century. NEA School Restructuring Series. This book presents a selection of readings that address multiculturalism and school restructuring as a reference for schools working to enrich their school-improvement agendas. The readings treat many areas within curriculum and student achievement. The 13 chapters are as follows: (1) "The Next Millennium: A Multicultural Imperative for Education" (C. F. Diaz); (2) "Multicultural Education: Nature, Challenges, and Opportunities" (J. A. Banks); (3) "Effective Teaching Practices for Multicultural Classrooms" (G. Gay); (4) "Institutional Climate: Developing an Effective Multicultural School Community" (V. O. Pang); (5) "Learning Styles: Implications for Teachers" (K. Swisher); (6) "Rethinking the Role of Gender and Achievement in Schooling" (J. Bernard-Powers); (7) "Evaluation Practices for the Multicultural Classroom" (R. J. Samuda and J. Lewis); (8) "We Speak in Many Tongues: Language Diversity and… [PDF]

Margolis, Edwin; Moses, Stanley (1992). The Elusive Quest: The Struggle for Equality of Educational Opportunity. This book is designed as a primer on the politics of the struggle for equal educational opportunity in U.S. public schools through a look at the experience of New York State. It shows how efforts to shrink the gap between rich and poor school districts by adjusting state aid formulas are frustrated largely due to the dictates of political bargaining, legislative compromise, and electoral survival, as well as the failure of legal challenges in the courts. Chapter 1 focuses on the ideal of equal educational opportunity as a central part of U.S. democracy as well as the importance of educational policy due to the key role that schools play in modern society. Chapter 2 traces the long struggle for equality in New York State in all branches and levels of government whose goal has been to create a system of educational finance that would eliminate fiscal input disparities. Chapter 3 analyzes the institutional and political constraints that have prevented the success of equalization…

Guerrier, Charles E. (1980). Title IX and the Achievement of Equal Educational Opportunity: A Legal Handbook. Designed to provide an introduction to major issues, controversies, and case law related to Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, this handbook is intended to promote more informed interaction between administrators and the attorneys who represent and advise them regarding sex discrimination issues. Following a brief explanation of the need for Title IX in section I, section II discusses the theory and reality of permissible and impermissible discrimination and offers a capsule history of judicial opinions in cases involving sex-based distinctions. In section III, the author discusses the statute's enactment and amendment processes and provides a section-by-section analysis. Beginning with an exposition of the implementing regulation's adoption process, authoritativeness, scope, and interpretation, section IV offers a detailed analysis that constitutes the bulk of the document. In addition to its introductory section, this analysis contains sections on (1) coverage; (2)… [PDF]

Burgos-Sasscer, Ruth (1990). The Changing Face of Leadership: The Role of Hispanics. While the percentage of women and minorities in leadership positions is growing, the numbers are still not representative of the population at large. The 49 community colleges in Illinois enroll 62% of the state's minority college students. Five of these colleges (10%) have minority presidents, all of whom are African American. There are no Hispanic community college presidents in Illinois, although in Chicago, 20% of the total population and 27% of the community college student population are Hispanic. There are only four Hispanic deans, none of whom are deans of instruction. This is due in part to the low number of qualified candidates. However, very few of those who qualify for top-level positions are ever offered such positions. Two colleges in Illinois serve as examples of institutions whose leaders were determined to fill top administrative positions with individuals who would best meet the future needs of their diverse student populations. The president of Harry S. Truman…

Summers, Susan Robinson (1990). Planning for Access: The Role of the Florida Community College System in Black Student Recruitment, Retention, and Graduation. Florida's community college system is uniquely positioned to work toward the fulfillment of the goal of equitable representation of black students in the state's system of higher education. At present, efforts are falling far short of that goal. While blacks represented 18.7% of the 15-24 year olds in the state in 1988, they earned only 4.8% of the associate degrees awarded by community colleges and 4% of the baccalaureate degrees awarded by the State University System that year. In order to promote college attendance, graduation, and transfer, the following steps should be taken: (1) academically promising students should be identified in middle school and guided toward the college preparatory track; (2) children from district middle and high schools should be brought to the college campus for cultural and sporting events, career and college fairs, and other activities; (3) financial aid resources should be developed to ensure that talented students from impoverished families are…

Gregory, Gwendolyn H. (1987). Supreme Court Update. Supreme Court decisions made during the previous and present terms as well as some that will be rendered next term are discussed. Among the cases, the following are of particular relevance to school board members. In "Memphis Community Schools v. Stachura" the Court declared that damages based on the "value" of constitutional rights are not truly compensatory. The Court has agreed to hear, under the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, "Honig v. Doe" on the subject of discipline of handicapped children. In "Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson" the Court ruled that employers are not always automatically liable for sexual harassment by their supervisory employees. In the case of "Ansonia Board of Education v. Philbrook" the Court ruled that an employer need only offer "a reasonable accommodation" to an employee's religious belief to meet its obligation under Title VII. In "Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education" the…

(1985). Changing the Focus: Women and FE. An FEU View. This brief policy statement by the Further Education Unit (FEU) in London, England, describes the way in which the FE system should relate to the needs and potential of women. The document restates a catalogue of deficiencies in this area, and then refers to previous and ongoing FEU work. Against this background, the statement analyzes some of the FE curricular issues that reflect progress and/or deserve more attention. In part, this statement is a response to the recommendations of the recent report of the Women's National Commission ("The Other Half of Our Future," extracted in this booklet). There is little doubt that if the FE system is to play a more effective role in the education and training of women, then educational policy makers need to appraise the content, design, delivery, and management of the curricula, from traditional education to the new technologies. The statement suggests that a starting point for those who have not already done so is to develop an…

(1987). Opportunities: Postsecondary Education and Training for Students with Special Needs [and] Possibilites de formation et d'enseignement postsecondaire pour les etudiants ayant des besoins speciaux. This statement of the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada, reflects the provincial ministers' concern with ensuring that opportunities for participation in Canada's postsecondary institutions are available to those who can benefit from them, and in particular to those with special needs. An introductory section notes the growth of enrollments in Canadian colleges and universities; the changing economic circumstances which call for close cooperation between federal and provincial governments; Council concerns regarding the participation patterns of such groups as women, Native citizens, the disabled, minority language groups, and educationally disadvantaged adults; and obstacles causing underrepresentation of those groups. The second section provides a sampling of some of the initiatives in the areas of recruitment, instruction, and support services through which provincial and territorial postsecondary systems have endeavored to foster participation by special needs students….

Farland, Ronn; Murdoch, Allene (1981). Gender Equity in the Community Colleges, 1977-1981. This report reviews the scope and nature of activities undertaken in California's community colleges to eliminate bias, discrimination, and stereotyping on the basis of sex in vocational education between 1977 and 1981, following the passage of the state's Vocational Education Act of 1976. The historical inequities in education which the act sought to remedy are detailed and the economic significance of affirmative measures to combat sexual inequity emphasized. The report reveals that the provisions of the act and increased funding contributed to the development of women's centers in 50% of the community colleges and the provision of counseling and other services for women in 37% of the colleges. However, it also notes that the period 1978 to 1981 saw a decline in women's programs due largely to cutbacks in local funds. The report then provides a summary of projects funded under the act and specifies some benefits of the colleges' gender equity activities, including the correction…

Capriole, Joan; And Others (1980). Together We Can. Strategies for the Facilitation of a Peer Support Group for Vocational Students in Non-Traditional Programs. This handbook contains strategies for facilitating a peer support group for vocational students in nontraditional programs. Outlined first are the goals and objectives of a support group, and the benefits of a peer support group are set forth. Following a description of the characteristics and role of the facilitator, strategies are provided for establishing group leadership roles and for determining the authority and decision-making power of group members. Attendance taking, scheduling, and time management are discussed. Included among those peer support group activities covered are structured meetings, guest speakers, and outreach activities. Program funding is mentioned briefly. Examined next are activities that feeder schools, parents, the community, the school itself, and support services can undertake to encourage enrollment of previously under-represented groups of students. (A related handbook on sex fairness and equal opportunity for vocational students in nontraditional…

Brown, Fannie E. (1978). Improving the Applicant Selection Process of the Nursing Program at City College of San Francisco. City College of San Francisco's Nursing Department has had an oversubscription of applications and an under-representation of minority students for a number of years. Although the department can only accommodate 96 students per year, over 600 subscribed in 1977. The purposes of this inquiry were to compare associate degree nursing program admissions criteria in California community colleges; determine relationships between these criteria and oversubscription of applicants and the under-representation of minorities; and to identify possible solutions to the problem. Questionnaire responses from 59 program chairpersons and the current nursing student body (196) from the college provided the data. The main conclusions were that oversubscription was a national phenomenon; diversified methods were employed in both testing and utilizing the results for acceptance; the majority of programs used objective admissions criteria; no one method avoided pressure from internal or external forces…

Tulloch, Jacquelyn B. (1979). Identification and Elimination of Sex Stereotyping and Sex Bias in Vocational Guidance and Counseling at Piedmont Virginia Community College: Annual Report. The OPTIONS Project was undertaken at Piedmont Virginia Community College (PVCC) to identify and eliminate sex stereotyping in vocational guidance. As part of this effort, a series of workshops was held that resulted in a heightened sensitivity, on the part of counselors, to sex stereotyping and greater awareness of the problem in the college at large. Another component of the project resulted in the evaluation of career resource materials at the career library and the development of a procedure for assessing new materials as they are added to the collection. Additionally, the project sought to investigate the causes of math anxiety and explore ways of eliminating it. Efforts in this area included a one-day workshop and two seminars for counselors and instructional staff that focused on reducing math anxiety, as well as the piloting of an open math lab and the development of support materials. Finally, in order to achieve objectives related to the planning and implementation of…

(1980). Bechtel-Cerritos College Drafting and Designer Training Project. Using primarily a question/answer format and numerous graphs and tables, this 18-part report summarizes the goals, operations and budget of a cooperative program administered by Cerritos Community College to train 90 minority, handicapped, and economically disadvantaged individuals for guaranteed placement in drafting and design positions at Bechtel Power Corporation in Norwalk, California. The first sections of the report provide information about Cerritos College, a summary of the project, and lists of participating organizations and other review organizations. The next sections describe the local planning process used to develop the project, discuss local labor market needs, and outline the project's goals and objectives. The bulk of the report presents and illustrates the project's training plan, which consists of two training phases to prepare students for entry-level positions, and an additional phase for 25% of the students to prepare them for higher paying positions. The…

Shaeffer, Ruth G. (1975). Nondiscrimination in Employment, 1973-1975. A Broadening and Deepening National Effort. This supplement to ED 086 806 discusses developments in the field of equal employment opportunity (EEO). A section on recent developments under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, covers the American Telephone and Telegraph Consent Decree, other conciliation and consent agreements, labor relations aspects, individual suits, testing and other employee selection procedures, seniority, sex discrimination and employee benefits, validity of performance appraisals, and processing of complaints by the EEO Commission. The next section briefly discusses recent developments under executive order 11246, as amended (compliance by specified types of government contractors). Other routes to federal court action are then covered. A section on recent developments under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 addresses work-force reduction problems and relationship of the job to the essence of the business. Recent developments under the Equal Pay Act of 1963 are then… [PDF]

(1979). Student Guide for Documenting Experiential Learning: Personnel Associate. Coastline Community College has developed a series of guides to assist adults who wish to obtain college credit or advanced standing in evaluating and verifying their non-college learning experiences. This guide lists the competency requirements of seven courses in the Personnel Associate program: Employee Selection and Placement, Special Services and Fringe Benefits I and II, Wage and Salary Administration, Personnel Management, Human Relations, and Fair Employment Laws. The student is asked to measure the knowledges and skills he/she has acquired on the job against specific behavioral objectives of each course. This evaluative process is facilitated by sections of the guide which ask whether the student is competent in each particular knowledge or skill and which provide opportunity for the student to record the basis of his/her competence or his/her ability to verify the competence. Verification is possible through: (1) a personal interview, (2) a job description of an applicable…

(1972). Faculty Handbook. Michigan State University. 1971-72. The 1972 edition of the Michigan State University faculty handbook details the history and organization of the institution; academic personnel policies including equal opportunity, appointments, tenure, academic freedom, salaries, leaves, benefits, retirement, research, and political activities; instructional information regarding academic programs, advisement, enrollment, registration, and counseling, teaching responsibility, and students' rights. Information regarding fringe benefits and opportunities as well as facilities and services available to faculty is also given. A supplement to the handbook outlines faculty grievance procedures. (JMF)…

(1972). Cornell University Faculty Handbook. The 1972 edition of Cornell University's faculty handbook details the organization of the university faculty; the administration organization and responsibilities; procedures for faculty appointments, promotions, tenure, dismissal, and retirement; faculty and administrative policies regarding faculty-student relationships; and campus facilities and services available. (JMF)… [PDF]

(1975). Administrative Manual. Ouachita Baptist University, July 1975. The July 1975 edition of this handbook is divided into main sections on the university itself, governance and policies, and current procedures. Specific policies described include those dealing with the organization and function of the Board of Trustees; administrative organization and function; faculty organization and function; faculty rights, responsibilities, and employment conditions; courses of instruction; and policies related to reports. Procedures for the business office and the dean of students are detailed. Data pertinent to faculty policies include academic freedom and responsibility, tenure and terms of employment, summer teaching and compensation, outside employment, summer research, solicitation of funds, promotions, termination of employment, employee benefits, retirement policy, recruitment, and vacation time. (LBH)… [PDF]

Jones, Norma; And Others (1976). The Media in Montana: Its Effects on Minorities and Women. A Report Prepared by the Montana Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. Montana's Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights investigated the effects of Montana's television and newspaper media on minorities and women. Focus was on the employment opportunities in and the images projected by the media. Interviews were conducted with management and staff of newspapers, news services, and television stations; faculty and students from the University of Montana and Montana State University; and other individuals and groups interested in media-related issues. Additional data were obtained at a 1-day conference held in Missoula to explore further issues relating to minorities and women and the media. Conference participants included representatives from TV stations in Great Falls and Missoula and newspapers from Great Falls, Butte, Billings, Helena, and Missoula. Relevant information was supplied by media representatives who did not attend. Findings included: minorities, specifically Native Americans, and women were underemployed and… [PDF]