Larson, John A.; Northrup, Herbert R. (1979). The Impact of the AT&T-EEO Consent Decree. Labor Relations and Public Rolicy Series No. 20. The consent decree agreed to in January 1973 by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Department of Justice, and the Department of Labor was a milestone of EEOC enforcement. Large amounts of back pay were paid to women and minorities, and goals were set which, as interpreted, had to be met for the company to stay in compliance. This study attempts to determine the effects of this decree. The Bell System provided the information and the authors interviewed system officials and operating personnel in all areas of the country. The study begins by summarizing developments leading up to the decree and explaining the decree's terms. A projection is made of future trends and the effects these will have on the composition of the labor force in the Bell System. The study considered the implications of the decree on quality of the labor force, organizational structure, role of the supervisor, discipline…

(1973). Report of the Personnel Task Force [And] Report of the Selected Studies Task Force [And] Report of the \Student Oriented\ Task Force. Three reports of different task forces from the committee to study sex discrimination in the Kalamazoo, Michigan, Public Schools comprise this document. The first report, from the personnel task force, investigated personnel practices and working conditions in 1972 for the existence of sex discrimination. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,215 employees of the Kalamazoo school system, but only 392 were returned completed. They showed a great lack of awareness about sex discrimination. In the second report, the selected studies task force evaluated a selection of 13 courses for grades 7-12 in English, social studies, home economics, industrial arts, and business education. Textbooks were evaluated and some instructors were interviewed. Teachers did not feel responsible for changing any sex bias in their attitudes nor for constructively handling the sex bias found in 72.4 percent of the classroom materials being used. The third report, from the student-oriented task force, examined…

Lee, Mary Dean; Meyer, Herbert H. (1976). The Integration of Females into Male-Oriented Jobs: Experiences of Certain Public Utility Companies. Detailed information was obtained from ten utility companies and individuals in those companies regarding their experiences with the integration of women into traditionally male jobs. The results showed that efforts to employ women in such jobs were predominantly positive, in spite of negative attitudes and resistance. A great majority of the women in male-oriented jobs were judged by their managers, peers and subordinates to be performing at least as well as most men in their respective jobs. Women in blue-collar jobs were likely to have more difficulties in adjusting to, and performing well in, the male oriented jobs than were women in professional or managerial jobs. Recommendations made with regard to actions that can be taken by organizations of all kinds to facilitate the integration of women into traditionally male jobs include: (1) The program must be monitored by an influential central staff person or group in the organization, (2) it must have strong backing from key…

Jaschik, Scott (1987). Recruiting Plans Found Lacking at Many Colleges in States Where Desegregation Plans Have Expired. Chronicle of Higher Education, v33 n34 p19,22 May 6. Federal investigators have found that many colleges and universities lack satisfactory systems for recruiting black faculty members, even after years of operating under court-ordered desegregation plans. There was also widespread dissatisfaction among black students at many colleges. The Education Department's Office for Civil Rights' report is discussed. (MLW)…

Bok, Derek; Bowen, William; Camarillo, Albert; Foner, Eric; Gurin, Patricia; Steele, Claude; Sugrue, Thomas; Syverud, Kent; Webster, Robert B. (1999). The Compelling Need for Diversity in Higher Education. The Center for Individual Rights (CIR) represented three white applicants who brought the two lawsuits, "Gratz, et al., v Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75231 (E.D.Mich.)" and "Grutter, et al. v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75928 (E.D. Mich.)," against the University of Michigan. These lawsuits challenge as unlawful the University of Michigan's policy of considering race as one of many factors in the process for admissions to the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, and the Law School. The University of Michigan brought together a team of leading scholars to serve as its experts in these cases to establish the basis for the University's argument that there is a compelling need for diversity in higher education. Thomas Sugrue of the University of Pennsylvania describes the important role that race continues to play in modern American society. Eric Foner of Columbia University (New York) describes the history of race relations through the lens of the…

Knowdell, Richard L. (1979). Educational Information in Industrial Settings. New Directions for Education and Work, (Improving Educational Information Services) n5 p83-92. Discussed is the wide variety in the quality of educational information available to adults on the job. Few companies currently offer comprehensive programs of educational information and counseling, but several companies are trying to do more to help their employees find continuing educational opportunities. (Author/AF)…

Furniss, W. Todd (1979). Professional Education After Bakke. Educational Record, v60 n2 p137-45 Spr. In response to the Bakke decision, it is suggested that efforts must be made to enlarge and improve the pool of qualified minority applicants to colleges and professional schools. Suggested improvements in elementary and secondary schools and increased community efforts will help to alleviate this problem. (BH)…

Smith, Daryl G.; And Others (1996). The Pipeline for Achieving Faculty Diversity: Debunking the Myths. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper. This study examined the academic labor market experiences of 393 recipients of Ford Minority Fellows, Mellon Fellows, and certain Spencer Fellows who had recently completed doctoral degrees. Of the original 393 individuals, 78 percent responded to telephone interviews that focused on their hiring experiences relative to eight prototypes, which ranged from "sought after" to "never applied for faculty position." Based on the data, the report addresses and debunks five "myths" of the academic labor market and concludes that institutions can raise the level of qualified candidates by improving the search and hiring process, and by considering nontenure alternatives. The report sees opportunities for diversity decreasing in the future and suggests fellowships as a way to provide important networking links. Additionally, it sets out some strategies and principles of good hiring practice for institutions and suggests also that institutions provide graduate… [PDF]

(1993). Minnesota Study on Race/Ethnicity in Child Care. This study discusses the racial and ethnic composition of Minnesota's children and child care providers, focusing on the need for more multi-ethnic, culturally-appropriate programming for the increasing number of children of color in the state. A 1992 survey of 1,003 day care centers and 35 Head Start programs found disparities between numbers of staff of color and European-American caregivers. Center staff of color were more likely to hold lower level positions in centers than European-Americans. Among the nine recommendations intended to have an impact on the cultural appropriateness of the child care system in Minnesota were the following: (1) recruitment of child care providers of color; (2) multicultural training for all providers; (3) professional development opportunities for child care providers of color; (4) implementation of strategies for overcoming barriers to people of color entering the child care field; (5) collection of information on the informal system of child… [PDF]

Wang, Margaret C. (1992). Achieving Schooling Success for All Students. This essay discusses the prospect of utilizing well-confirmed knowledge to enhance the chances for the schooling success of every student in today's elementary schools through secondary schools. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the state of practice. The balance of the paper illustrates an efficient way to apply research and practical wisdom toward creating and implementing programs for improving educational equality. This discussion centers on findings from a recently completed synthesis of the research base and an analysis of consensus from the field on variables that are important to learning, which led to the development of a framework for systematic description of program features and assessment of implementation requirements and outcomes of approaches and practices. This framework, the Consensus Marker-Outcome Variable System (CMOVS), incorporates variables that are considered by professionals to be \important\ and \alterable\ so as to improve chances for students'… [PDF]

Deese, Stephanie; McKay, Sylvester (1991). The Dawning of a New Century: North Carolina Community College System Comprehensive Plan for Administrative Leadership through Diversity Enhancement. A Report to the System President. Based on a nationwide survey of existing programs and literature as well as the findings from local focus groups and data collection efforts, this report from the North Carolina Community College System (NCCCS) presents a series of recommendations for the promotion and recruitment of minorities and women for the senior-level administrative staff of the NCCCS. The report includes information data on past efforts to recruit and promote women and minorities on the staff of the NCCCS as well as at individual community colleges; provides current data on the ethnic and gender composition of the student body, faculty, and administration of North Carolina's community colleges; and reviews hiring trends nationwide and in the NCCCS. Among the 26 recommendations presented in the report are the following: (1) each college should incorporate, as part of its Institutional Effectiveness Plan, a leadership statement, hiring goals through the year 2002, timeframes and schedules, and monitoring and…

Cochran, Kathryn F., Ed.; Gardner, April L., Ed. (1991). Critical Issues in Reforming Elementary Teacher Preparation in Mathematics and Science. Conference Proceedings (Greeley, Colorado, October 10-13, 1991). The purpose of the conference reported in this document was to bring together national leaders in teacher education to disseminate findings and innovations in the reform of elementary teacher preparation in mathematics and science. The proceedings begin with a presentation of invited addresses: "New Curricula in Elementary Mathematics: What Are the Critical Factors?" (Shirley M. Frye); "The Reform of Elementary School Science: The Critical Issues" (Roger W. Bybee); and "The Integration of Content and Pedagogy in Teaching" (Hilda Borko). The proceedings then present 11 project summaries. Papers form 8 panel sessions comprise the main body of the proceedings; panel themes are teacher knowledge issues, special issues in teacher preparation, and institutional coordination issues. The panel session titles are: (1) Developing Teachers' Mathematics and Science Content Knowledge; (2) Developing Teachers' Pedagogical Knowledge; (3) Developing a Cohesive Program;… [PDF]

(1984). Why Not Me? Women in Non-Traditional Jobs. The WorkForce Series for Small Businesses. This guide presents ideas for dealing with women in nontraditional jobs for managers who work with young, entry-level workers in small businesses. The guide is designed to help managers (1) develop strategies to help them deal with workers' attitudes toward women in nontraditional jobs; (2) reduce adjustment problems; (3) build a cooperative, productive team of workers; and (4) solve problems of sex discrimination. The guide uses case studies to illustrate the techniques and ideas that are discussed. Key points are summarized at the end of the booklet, and a review quiz with answers is provided. A list of suggested resources completes the guide. (KC)…

Ellison, Nolen M.; Smith, Janet D. (1986). Access and Excellence: The Articulation Challenge among Urban High Schools, Community Colleges, and Four-Year Institutions. The issue of educational access affects persons who live in urban areas more than any other single group in the country. The vast majority of such persons are black and economically and socially disadvantaged. A look at enrollment by geographic regions across the nation shows over 50% of all black students are concentrated in less than 2% of the public schools, and that blacks are underrepresented in postsecondary enrollments. These trends underscore the need to assure educational excellence within the areas of access, process, achievement, and transfer. To avoid the continuing trend of greater division between the educated majority and the uneducated minorities, there must be concerted efforts to build partnerships for the purpose of improving the access, opportunity, and success of high school students as they move to community and junior colleges and on to four-year colleges and universities. Specifically, effective articulation strategies related to curriculum, student support…

Rodriguez, Max (1987). Second Annual Report of the Transfer Opportunities Program Covering the Period October 1, 1985 to September 30, 1986. In 1985-86, LaGuardia Community College (LCC) completed the developmental phase of a project aimed at increasing the number of minority, low-income urban students who transfer from LCC and complete a baccalaureate degree. During the year, the program had the following achievements: (1) linkages were established with the City University of New York (CUNY); (2) together with Baruch and Queens Colleges, LCC developed and implemented a joint admissions program; (3) contacts were initiated with State Univerity of New York campuses; (4) work with private colleges and universities led to various activities to help students develop a plan to pursue scholarships and private funding sources; (5) a second institute was held at Vassar College with 22 LCC students participating; (6) 57 juniors and seniors from six local high schools were selected to participate in the Credit Bank Program; (7) a Career Development Module was designed to introduce educational and career planning in the required… [PDF]

Lebrato, Mary T., Ed. (1986). Help Yourself: A Manual for Dealing with Sexual Harassment. This manual provides an overview of sexual harassment and what can be done about it. Although it deals with laws in California, its general sections and sections of federal laws could be used by persons in any state. The guide contains 12 chapters. Chapter 1 includes a discussion of what sexual harassment is and how it affects society and the individual. Chapters 2 through 11 discuss in detail the various options available to deal with the sexual harassment experience. They include information on the advantages and disadvantages of these options and what may be expected in the pursuit of a particular course of action. These chapters discuss documenting the experience, which is critical regardless of which avenue is pursued, remedies, the use of the criminal justice system, the employment complaint system, the military service complaint system, and the prison complaint system. The final chapter includes a discussion of various miscellaneous issues including personal and community…

Bender, Louis W.; Richardson, Richard C., Jr. (1986). Helping Minorities Achieve Degrees: The Urban Connection. A Report to the Ford Foundation. Drawing from a study of the progress of minority students to the baccalaureate degree, this report raises questions on how institutions and states can intervene to speed the process of reducing inequities that are clearly the product of past differences in minority access to education and jobs, and identifies practices of particular promise. Chapter 1 presents the issues, framework, and methods of the study; identifies the participating institutions; and gives an overview of the report. Chapter 2 provides contextual information about the environments for postsecondary education in each of the states represented in the study, while chapter 3 introduces the concept of conflicting cultures as an approach to understanding the barriers urban students experience in their pursuit of a degree. In chapter 4, students attending urban colleges are introduced through their own words, and through comments of those who work closely with them. Chapters 5 and 6 examine urban community college and… [PDF]

Harris, Zelema (1988). Institutional Commitment to Cultural Diversity. In 1987, one-third of the kindergarten students in the United States were minority. These students will be the pool from which institutions of higher education will draw their college freshmen in the year 2000. The impact of this increase in cultural and ethnic diversity will be pervasive, especially with respect to broadening European-oriented curricula to make them more inclusive of other cultures. The changes that the colleges will face must be approached systematically. Institutional commitment to ethnic and cultural diversity from the executive level must be in place before progress can be achieved. This commitment must be reflected in recruitment and retention efforts to increase the number of minority and female faculty members, in activities to educate faculty members who are insensitive to minorities and non-traditional students, and in efforts to involve minority faculty members in guiding institutional responses to diversity. Student recruitment and retention efforts must…

(1983). On Campus with Women. Vol. 13, No. 1, Summer 1983. On Campus with Women, v13 n1 Sum. Developments in education, employment, and the court system concerning the status of women are covered in this newsletter issue. In addition to the news items, an article criticizing the Reagan-appointed Advisory Council on Women's Education is presented. The article, which was prepared by the Citizens Council on Women's Education, is entitled \What Is the Record of the 1982-3 National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs?\ News topics include the following: violations of Title IX by many student health policies and by underrepresentation of women in community college vocational education programs; the University of New Hampshire's efforts to prevent sexual harassment and rape; a request for information on campus gang rape; how to distinguish sexual harassment from flirtation; sex bias in reference letters; minority women in academics; research on Chicanas in higher education; a research fund for work by Latin American women; sex discrimination in faculty salaries;…

(1984). Collective Bargaining Agreement between the University of Connecticut Board of Trustees and the University of Connecticut Chapter of the American Association of University Professors, July 1, 1984-June 30, 1986. The collective bargaining agreement between the University of Connecticut Board of Trustees and the University of Connecticut Chapter (1,410 members) of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) covering the period July 1, 1984-June 30, 1986 is presented. Items covered in the agreement include: unit recognition, exclusions, academic freedom, governance, nondiscrimination, affirmation action plans and procedures, board of trustees prerogatives, meetings and discussions, contractual grievance procedure, additions to the by-laws grievance procedures, personnel files, members of the unit not in a tenure track, reduction of staff for discontinuance of programs and financial exigency, selection and review of department heads, AAUP rights, AAUP security and payroll deductions, salary scales, minimum terms, continuation of services, mergers and acquisitions, savings clause, research assistants and associates, merit, temporary employees, and discipline for tenure and/or…

Edwards, Flora Mancuso; Mann, William (1988). Minorities in Urban Community Colleges: Tomorrow's Students Today. An analysis is provided of trends and issues related to minority enrollment in urban community colleges. Following introductory comments, trends are examined in the areas of urban demography, elementary and secondary school enrollment, postsecondary enrollment, retention, major fields of study, degree attainment, and staffing patterns. The next section looks at ways in which urban community college trends parallel or diverge from those present throughout postsecondary education. Next, issues confronting urban community colleges as they endeavor to assure continued access and excellence to all of their constituencies are discussed, including the recruitment and retention of minority students; financial aid; academic preparation; sociocultural adjustment; minority student transfer to four-year baccalaureate institutions; the recruitment, retention, and promotion of minority faculty and staff; program and curricular development; community linkages; and research efforts to further… [PDF]

(1985). On Campus with Women. On Campus with Women, v15 n2-n3 Fall 1985-Win 1986. Developments in education, employment, and the courts concerning the status of women are covered in these two newsletter issues. In addition to news items, the article \United Nations World Conference on Women, 1985: Some Random Reflections on the Nairobi Conference\ by Bernice Sandler is included. The article provides an overview of the overall conference and workshops and considers implications for the future of women's activities. News topics include the following: women's education; women faculty; developments in other countries affecting women's education and employment; sexual harassment and rape on campus; contracts; faculty salaries; nontraditional careers for women; court litigation; sex discrimination; rural women; minority women; black women and feminism, disabled women, women's studies programs; women's sports; the climate for women faculty, administrators, and graduate students; textbook bias against women, women in land-grant colleges, financial aid for women students,…

Sechler, Judith A. (1981). Communication Skills. Sex Equity Training Package. Unlocking Nontraditional Careers. Research and Development Series No. 215A. This training package provides materials to build communication skills in vocational students in order to help them adapt to a changing work world in which traditional and nontraditional workers interact. Intended for use in a group setting, the four units of the package offer vocational students the opportunity to practice, through hands-on experiences, new and different communication patterns in a "safe" environment. (While overtly concerned with sex equity, the materials are adaptable to other equity groups, since communication skills are a universal concern.) Unit 1 is designed to assess the communication patterns of traditional and nontraditional students alike, as well as show how irrational ideas influence messages. Unit 2 focuses on skill training in verbal communication, while the third unit builds on unit 2 with skill training in nonverbal communication. The last unit addresses sexual harassment and the consequences of defensive messages in efforts to prevent or… [PDF]

(1973). Seminar/Workshops on Women in the World of Work. U.S. Office of Education Regions III, IV and V. Final Report. A final report on the regional seminar/workshops on women in the world of work conducted for selected leaders in vocational education and industry, this document contains the following information: a discussion of the current political, social, and economic patterns affecting vocational and career education; policies and procedures recommended by workshop participants to correct discrimination against women in education and employment; and the assessment of the success and impact of the seminar/workshops based on a follow-up survey of the participants. The appendixes include the follow-up questionnaire and results, lists of the general and local planning committees, the agenda, and the participants list. Also included in the appendix and comprising a major portion of the document are the speeches delivered by the seminar workshops by educators, lawyers, and government officials. The speeches are concerned with these topics: the composition of the nation's labor force; the laws and…

Mosley, Charlotte Graff (1982). The Role of Women as Educational Leaders in the Public Schools. The annotated bibliography describes the content of 71 documents treating the role of women as public school administrators. Of the documents, 16 discuss current trends in the employment of women as administrators, 28 concern the attitudes and perceptions of society concerning the presence of women in leadership positions in education, 13 review studies of the performance of women in administrative roles, and 14 analyze programs and procedures for increasing the representation of women in educational leadership. The compiler introduces the bibliography with a brief history of the role of women in education, describes the research effort prompting development of the bibliography, and defines critical terms. The bibliography concludes with a brief summary of the major implications of the literature reviewed and presents nine recommendations addressed to the educational establishment, to government agencies, and to women regarding policies for increasing the participation of women in…

(1976). Second Annual Desegregation Status Report for Public Postsecondary Education in Maryland. Volume 1. Summary Tables. This volume of the Maryland desegregation status report provides detailed data on the efforts of public postsecondary education institutions. The data collected for the fall of 1975 includes race composition information on applications rates, residence, financial aid awards, degrees, progression rates, and enrollment by program area for students. Also collected were data on full-time and part-time employees, changes in status of employees, salaries of full-time faculty, and information on faculty by program area. Racial composition data for employees of state agencies and members of boards associated with higher education are included. The percent of black full-time undergraduate students has increased from 13.3 percent in 1970 to 20 percent in 1975; the percent of black full-time graduate students has increased from 7.7 percent in 1970 to 10.2 percent in 1975. The percentage of other race students among the full-time undergraduate students has increased since 1974 for 23 of 28…

Paris, Alice Somerville; Woolridge, Schadell (1979). Placing Rural Minority Women in Training Situations for Non-Traditional Jobs. Detailed practical information is provided in this guidebook describing the services and resources needed to increase the participation of rural minority women in training for non-traditional jobs. Designed for use by a variety of organizations (women's clubs, service organizations, government agencies, and vocational/technical schools), the manual covers program development stages from initial planning to evaluation. Chapter I discusses program design, staffing requirements, and the process of locating and equipping an office. Chapter II lists sources of information for determining career trends in the target area, locating job training opportunities for women, and protecting women's job rights. Chapter III identifies services typically needed, i.e., recruitment, counseling, job placement, training program placements, and referrals. Chapter IV describes promotional and fund raising activities and lists specific steps for using the media and personal appearances to gain community…

(1978). Higher Education Equity: The Crisis of Appearance Versus Reality. First Annual Report, 1977. The report describes the background, functions, and activities of the National Advisory Committee on Black Higher Education and Black Colleges and Universities during 1977. It also gives a statistical overview of blacks in American higher education, and proposes a plan of action to attain goals of access (increasing participation), opportunities for success (quality improvements), institutional diversity, national program system supports, and a 25-year plan. Appendixes give a list of advisory board members, with addresses; the committee charter; a letter to the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare regarding the Alan Bakke case; a letter to the commissioner regarding staff and budget needs for the advisory committee, and a list of historically and predominantly black colleges. (MSE)… [PDF]

Clement, Jacqueline Parker (1975). Sex Bias in School Leadership. This study documents the pervasiveness of male dominance in educational leadership roles. Statistics demonstrate that only a very small number of women occupy positions in top-level administration. Legislation and regulations affecting women in higher education and at the elementary and secondary education levels are identified. The study concludes that progress to date in improving the status of women has been largely in two areas: (1) conditions of employment that deny women equal access to employment and its benefits in educational institutions, and (2) consciousness-raising to the extent that there is now some realization that a problem does exist. Considerations are offered for steps to change public policy to hasten the demise of institutionalized sex discrimination. Appendixes contain data on women as public school professional employees, and on federal laws and regulations concerning sex discrimination in educational institutions. A bibliography is included. (Author/MLF)…

(1975). Whatever Happened to Debbie Kraft? An Awareness Game for Educators, Counselors, Students, and Parents. An educational game relating to alternate career and life-style choices of an 18-year-old female high-school senior comprises this booklet. The game is designed to aid young women in their attempt to make decisions about their lives. Choices offered at the beginning of the game are: You decide to go to college in the fall, You decide to get a job, You decide to marry your boyfriend, and You decide to spend your summer at the beach and wait until next fall to make a decision. Each choice is followed by several options, all requiring the player to turn to another page and encounter yet another set of options. All game options eventually lead to seven questions: (1) Do you feel the failure was Debbie's fault? (2) What do you think will happen to Debbie next? (3) What groups and agencies in Debbie's community could have given her information, encouragement, and moral support? (4) How could Debbie's situation have changed? Who could have changed it? (5) How could Debbie's parents,… [PDF]