Keller, Edmond J. (1988). Crisis in Graduate Education for Minorities. Journal of State Government, v61 n2 p62-65 Mar-Apr. Action is needed now to recruit and keep minorities in graduate education, so that we produce the engineers, scientists, and doctorates we need. Data on minority college and graduate school attendance are provided. (Author/BJV)…

Lerner, Robert; Nagai, Althea K. (1997). Racial Preferences in Colorado Higher Education. Racial Preferences in Undergraduate Admissions at the Public Colleges and Universities of Colorado. This study examines the extent to which racial preferences are used in Colorado's 12 public colleges and universities and attempts to determine how the elimination of racial preferences would affect enrollment patterns in these schools. It uses actual admissions data from the State Commission on Higher Education. Detailed analysis shows that all public colleges and universities in Colorado use racial preferences in undergraduate admissions to increase black enrollment. There was no school at which the black median Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) score, American College Testing Program score (ACT), or grade point average (GPA) was higher than the white median in 1995. Most of the public colleges and universities in Colorado use racial preferences to increase Hispanic enrollment. There were only a few schools at which whites did not have a higher median SAT or ACT score, or GPA, than Hispanic American students in 1995. Asian Americans appeared to receive very few or no preferences at… [PDF]

Stern, Ralph D. (1982). The Law and Public Education: Projections for the 1980s. Education and Urban Society, v14 n2 p211-34 Feb. Examines past Supreme Court decisions that have affected public education to explain currently held views concerning the Supreme Court in the 1970s. Observes that the 1980s will be a period of consolidation and clarification of court decisions and legislation of the 1960s and 1970s. (Author/MJL)…

(2003). News and Views. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n40 p6-74 Sum. This collection of articles focuses on such topics as the black-white higher education gap in large U.S. cities; online fundraising at historically black colleges; the white university that awards the most doctorates to blacks; the high ranking colleges and universities most forthcoming in disclosing racial statistics; the most highly cited black scientists; and improved black enrollments in graduate science programs. (SM)…

Gruhl, John; Welch, Susan (1990). The Impact of the \Bakke\ Decision on Black and Hispanic Enrollment in Medical and Law Schools. Social Science Quarterly, v71 n3 p458-73 Sep. Examines effects of the Supreme Court decision, \Regents of the University of California V. Bakke\ on Black and Hispanic enrollment in medical and law schools. Uses time-series analysis on aggregate enrollment trends between 1968 and 1987. Finds decision had little impact but notes decline in these applications beginning in 1984. (NL)…

Prewitt, Jeff (1992). Reducing Adverse Impact: One City's Efforts. Following a workshop on "Innovations in Employment Testing that Improve Validity and Reduce Adverse Impact," the City of Louisville (Kentucky) implemented a strategy to develop a comprehensive testing and recruiting program for police recruits. To improve candidate expectations and preparation, the following activities were undertaken: intense recruitment of minorities; revision and validation of a Test Preparation Manual (TPM) that provided motivated candidates from a disadvantaged educational background a means of focused study; and test-taking classes, study skills classes, support groups, and classes covering material in the TPM as well as mini-academies to answer questions about the TPM. Practice tests were also used to help candidates prepare. The city addressed the testing format and content by implementing the TPM approach, offering classes over the material in the TPM, and adding an oral examination to the process. The Angoff method was used to establish a cutoff… [PDF]

Kuykendall, Crystal (1992). From Rage to Hope: Strategies for Reclaiming Black & Hispanic Students. Schools are not serving our Black and Hispanic youth well, as standardized test scores reflect. The problem of educating these students must be addressed. This book offers suggestions to educators who have the interest, intent, and inspiration to facilitate achievement motivation among these students, but who may lack the information or teaching techniques. The first three chapters lay a foundation for implementation of the strategies and activities that are suggested in chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7. The final two chapters provide thoughts for the future and an opportunity for professional assessment. The following are the chapter titles: (1) \Dealing with Differences\; (2) \The Impact of Student Self-Image on Achievement and Motivation\; (3) \School-Related Obstacles to Achievement\; (4) \Motivating the Un-Motivated\; (5) \Addressing the Need for Discipline\; (6) \Creating a Good School and Classroom Climate\; (7) \Strengthening the Home-School Bond\; (8) \Focusing on the Future\; and…

Mort, Heidi; Reisman, Janet (1989). Women and Nontraditional Work. This fact sheet summarizes labor market statistics on nontraditional jobs for women and public policy, barriers, and strategies regarding such employment. Among the data presented are the following: nontraditional jobs for women are jobs in which 75 percent or more of those employed are men; 9 percent of all working women are employed in nontraditional jobs; the Job Training Partnership Act and the Carl Perkins Vocational Education Act are public policy efforts that support but do not ensure the entrance of women into nontraditional employment and training; lack of enforcement weakens the intent of laws and policies supportive of women in nontraditional jobs, including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Guidelines of 1980, Title IX of the Educational Act Amendments of 1972, Equal Pay Act of 1973, and Executive Order 11246; the barriers that inhibit entry of women into nontraditional training and employment are complex and interrelated;…

Simeone, Angela (1987). Academic Women Working towards Equality. The status of efforts to achieve equality for women faculty members in higher education is considered. The method used by Jessie Bernard in \Academic Women\ is replicated: presenting a wide variety of studies pertaining directly or indirectly to faculty women and then suggesting larger trends indicated by the findings. In addition, interviews were conducted with 20 female faculty members at a large, prestigious, northeastern research university representing a wide range of disciplines. Topics of discussion cover: career choices and the factors that lead women to these choices; the formal indicators of women's status in academe, such as salary, rank, and tenure; the differences in perceptions of women and men faculty members as well as their interpretation of their academic role; the informal relationships between academic women and their colleagues and sponsor/mentor relationships between women students and faculty members and between junior and senior faculty members; and marital…

(1988). Comments on Educational Equity Plans of the Segments. A Staff Report on the Development of Plans by the State Department of Education, the California State University, and the University of California To Achieve the Educational Equity Goals of Assembly Concurrent Resolution 83 (1984). Commission Report 88-6. In 1984 the California Legislature enacted Assembly Concurrent Resolution 83 (ACR 83), which established specific goals for enhancing the participation and success in postsecondary education of students from economic, racial, and ethnic backgrounds historically underrepresented in higher education. The Postsecondary Education Commission was mandated to review existing and planned programs to determine how they can best serve the goals of ACR 83. Responding to reports and recommendations from various segments of public education, the Commission addressed the following policy considerations: (1) the Department of Education's suggestions (offered in "Caught in the Middle–Educational Reform for Young Adolescents in California Public Schools" and "High School Curriculum and University Admissions Requirements: A Critical Linkage") that high schools set requirements that will prepare students for college, study the extent that students are currently prepared for… [PDF]

McLaughlin, Gerald W.; And Others (1982). Equity in Instructional Workload. AIR Forum 1982 Paper. Differences in instructional workload between men and women college faculty were studied at a large, land-grant university. The following variables were investigated: number of weighted student credit hours, number of sections taught, number of different courses taught, and didactic hours by level of course. Because the faculty members varied in their full-time-equivalent instructional effort, it was necessary to normalize the data. Fall 1979 data were considered for full-time assistant professors in the academic colleges. Weighted student credit hours, derived in part from a state budget formula, were applied to credit hour production by student level. Didactic hours, which were an estimate of the amount of effort required for an instructional activity, were based on the type of course taught. For classroom only, the course credits were considered. For nonclassroom instruction, the number of didactic hours taught were considered in terms of student credit hours. When male and… [PDF]

(1977). Collective Bargaining Agreement Between State College American Association of University Professors and Board of Trustees for the Connecticut State Colleges. The collective bargaining agreement between the Connecticut State College American Association of University Professors, Inc. (CSU-AAUP) and the Board of Trustees of the Connecticut State Colleges (Central Connecticut State College, Eastern Connecticut State College, Southern Connecticut State College; and Western Connecticut State College) is presented. Items covered in the agreement include: recognition of SCU-AAUP; non-discrimination; professional rights and responsibilities such as tenure, academic freedom, appointments and faculty evaluation; faculty participation procedures; counselors; librarians; working conditions; workload; summer school and intersession; compensation; and leaves and fringe benefits. Also covered are: travel and energy comservation; grievance procedure; termination; and research. The appendices contain samples of the letter of an appointment and tenure letter, and a grievance form. (SPG)…

(1977). Agreement Between Rhode Island Board of Regents and University of Rhode Island Chapter American Association of University Professors, 1977-1979. The agreement reached between the Rhode Island Board of Regents and the University of Rhode Island Chapter of the American Association of Univeristy Professors (AAUP) is presented. Items covered in the agreement include: recognition of AAUP; non-discrimination; academic freedom; selection of deans, department chairmen, and faculty members; workload; salaries; fringe benefits; annual review; and promotion process. Also covered are tenure, leaves, outside consultation, and grievance procedure. Appendices contain items on salaries (1977-78 and 1978-79), exceptional salary increases, chairman's supplement, student evaluation of teaching, and retrenchment study committee. (SPG)…

Kane, Roslyn D.; And Others (1976). Sex Discrimination in Schools: Evaluating Employment Practices. This guide outlines how school districts can identify sex discrimination against women teachers and women administrators in their employment practices. It offers step-by-step instructions for collecting and analyzing data relevant to hiring patterns, promotional processes, salary, and fringe benefits. The first section of each chapter provides background information to determine why an issue is an important factor in determining if discriminatory practices are occurring. The second section of each chapter serves as an example of a hypothetical school situation. Finally, the third section of each chapter provides specific instructions to follow in an examination of discriminatory practices. Worksheets to record findings are provided. (Author/LD)…

Synnott, Marcia Graham (1979). The Half-Opened Door: Discrimination and Admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900-1970. Contributions in American History, Number 80. The origins, history, and final demise of discriminatory admissions policies at Harvard, Princeton and Yale are examined. It is reported that by the early 1920's the Big Three racial and religious quotas were fully operative in response to the influx of Jews, Catholics, and other new groups that threatened the hegemony of the old-stock Americans who traditionally composed the student body. The discrimination suffered by the Jewish and Catholic students who were admitted to these universities is revealed. Change in the admissions policies came after World War II with the increase in democratization. It is shown how admissions on the basis of merit helped these colleges preserve their traditions of academic excellence. Chapters discuss the changing campus, various policies and philosophies held by college presidents, admissions policies, student experiences at these colleges, and events leading to change and growth. Tables offer statistical information such as: percentage of Jewish…

Gappa, Judith M.; Uehling, Barbara S. (1979). Women in Academe: Steps to Greater Equality. AAHE-ERIC/Higher Education Research Report No. 1, 1979. A review of current research and literature about women in higher education is presented in this monograph in the context of equality of opportunity. The following areas are addressed: the status of women students, institutional practices that affect the participation of women students, the socialization process, women's studies and women's colleges, women faculty and administrators, academic careers, legislation pertaining to the rights of women in higher education and current enforcement efforts, and recommendations for the future to achieve greater equality. The research indicates that there have been and continue to be powerful constraints affecting the participation of women; the status of women as students and employees is still not equal to that of men. Reasons for the discriminatory situation are documented and examined, although there are limitations in the information provided by available research. Recommendations consist of five steps that institutions, agencies, and…

Bailey, Robert L.; Hafner, Anne L. (1978). Minority Admissions. The changing role of admission policies and practices as higher education institutions deal with the problems of miniority acess and admissibility is examined in this book. Sections dealing with admission requirements, academic prediction, and major problems in admission practices provide background information on the workings of student selection. A history of minority preference in admission is presented, and testing and the race relevance are examined as an important factor in the admissibility of minorities. Policy issues are discussed in the case for/against minority preferences, constitutional and legislative strategies, and long-range issues, including the role of an admissions policy in meeting societal needs. Suggestions are offered for designing an action implementation plan to make possible minority access and admission in accordance with the Bakke decision. It is concluded that higher education institutions should pursue actively early outreach programs that parallel or…

Gibson, Juanita M.; And Others (1974). Report of the Florida Public Community College Equal Access/Equal Opportunity Consulting Team. This report presents the findings and recommendations of a consulting team dedicated to helping the Florida Division of Community Colleges achieve its goal of enrolling and employing Blacks and other minorities in approximate proportion to the 18- to 64-year-old population of the State by 1980. This report includes: (1) a detailed description of a data system designed to collect the information on attrition and retention needed to monitor progress toward this goal; (2) a discussion of methods of developing alternative instructional delivery systems for ensuring successful learning by minority students; (3) a review of testing as a screening and diagnostic device, accompanied by recommendations that group or standardized tests yielding IQ scores be discontinued for use in the community colleges of Florida and that student advisors be urged to utilize other tools to assess student potential; (4) discussions of the elements of an optimum human relations atmosphere at community colleges… [PDF]

Garfin, Molly, Ed.; And Others (1976). Collective Bargaining in Higher Education. Bibliography No. 4. The fourth annual bibliography of retrospective and current searches in the field of collective bargaining in higher education represents an attempt to survey the literature of the field as it relates to faculty in public or private colleges and universities. The scope includes 1975 and pre-1975 references. Relevant information from major journals plus material relevant to arbitration awards, court decisions, NLRB, and PERB rulings are included. The bibliography, arranged alphabetically by subject, includes topics on: academic freedom, administration, collective bargaining in Canada, faculty attitudes, grievance procedures, legislation, retrenchment, strikes, students, tenure, unions, and women. (Author/KE)… [PDF]

Buckner, Donald R.; Samuels, William M. (1975). Minority Barriers Identification Conference (Arlington, Virginia, December 15-17, 1975). Final Report. Papers, workshop reports, and pertinent recommendations from a conference concerned with barriers faced by minorities seeking training in the allied health professions are presented. Data provided for the conference, gathered from Northeast, Southeast and Southwest United States during a 2-year period, related to barriers encountered by Black, Indian, and Spanish-surnamed students attempting to enroll in allied health professions in their geographical areas. These barriers were validated and placed under the major headings of need for financial assistance, need for role models, poor academic preparation and lack of tutorial services, lack of career information and counseling, and cultural and social gaps. Five priority recommendations for attacking the barriers were presented: (1) Initiation of a national comprehensive allied health manpower development program, (2) development and enforcement of a strategy to identify and remove culturally biased admissions criteria and procedures,…

Yavorsky, Diane K. (1988). The State Leadership Role. Journal of State Government, v61 n2 p66-68 Mar-Apr. States must take the following initiatives to ensure equal opportunity to higher education for minorities: (1) set the tone and the imperative; (2) demonstrate will to effect change and enforce accountability; (3) remove barriers to college attendance; (4) encourage cooperation across all sectors of society; (5) make equity integral to excellence; and (6) create a climate that supports diversity. (BJV)…

(1998). The New Face of the University of California: Undergraduate Admissions in the Aftermath of SP-1. [Hearing Transcript of the] Senate Select Committee on Higher Education Admissions and Outreach [and] Senate Select Committee on Higher Education (May 5, 1998). These proceedings present testimony from the California Senate Select Committee on Higher Education Admissions and Outreach and the California Senate Select Committee on Higher Education regarding undergraduate admissions at the University of California (UC) in the aftermath of Proposition 209 and California Board of Regents' Special Proposal 1 (SP-1), which eliminated the use of race as a basis for admissions. Four panels of witnesses focused on alternative solutions to increasing access to the university; the admissions process; student views of the admissions process; and access to college preparatory courses and outreach. The testimony noted the declining number of African Americans and Hispanics and the increasing lack of diversity at UC institutions, especially at the two flagship Berkeley and Los Angeles campuses since implementation of SP-1; the biased effect of Scholastic Assessment Tests (SAT) scores on admissions; the biased effect of grade point average (GPA) on…

Davis, Maurice, Comp.; Hollins, Anthony, Jr., Comp.; Horne, Devonaline T., Comp. (2001). Kids into Health Careers Kit. This complete Kids into Health Careers (KIHC) information package contains guidance materials to use when working with local school systems. It provides operating instructions on how to choose and address an audience, either at a school or community-based organization. (KIHC is an initiative being developed to supplement the pool of qualified applicants from economically and educationally disadvantaged and underrepresented minority populations for entry into health professions training.) The packet includes an overview booklet; a poster with information on the back about what KIHC is, why it is so important, who KIHC is trying to reach, examples of career opportunities in the health professions, and reference guides; an operating instructions booklet covering qualifying, financial aid, fulfilling a need, selection criteria, addressing target audiences, and reporting elements; and a booklet with presentation models for students K-5, students 6-12, parents, and teachers, counselors,… [PDF]

Jensen, Arthur R. (1991). Spearman's g and the Problem of Educational Equality. Oxford Review of Education, v17 n2 p169-87. Criticizes approach to equal education that seeks equality of outcome as well as equality of opportunity. Discusses Spearman's theory of g that attempts to explain individual differences in intelligence. Contrasts efforts at genuinely reducing equality of outcome, including Aptitude X Treatment Interaction, Mastery Learning, and Thinking Skills Training, with forced appearance of equality of outcome among different racial groups. (DK)…

(2003). News and Views. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n41 p6-70 Aut. Contains articles on such topics as the progress of black student enrollment at highly ranked institutions; academic performance of black athletes at highly ranked universities; racism on official U.S. maps; sharply deteriorating black enrollments at U.S. medical schools; crime on the rise at many black college campuses; the annual black college reunion; and pork barrel grants (tidbits for black colleges). (SM)…

Bibb, Sharon; And Others (1976). How to Find a Job: Exit Booklet for Graduate Students. This booklet is prepared for the graduate community with the intent of helping students find employment at the end of their studies. Some information is specific to the University of Washington, but much could be used by graduate students of any institution. Resources within the community as well as within the university are outlined, and techniques for finding jobs are described: resume writing, letter writing, the job interview, jobs in higher education, government jobs, and one's rights as a job-seeker (fair and unfair pre-employment inquiries). Information is supplied by University of Washington departments about employment in those professional fields. The information includes job possibilities, job advertising sources, professional societies in the field, and other relevant information. (MSE)…

(1993). Increasing the Academic Pool of Minority Students for Higher Education in Virginia. This monograph discusses issues and problems in enhancing the academic and financial preparation of minority students in Virginia for college. Practices contributing to the disproportionately low percentage of minority students prepared for college are identified including inadequate preparation of teachers to instruct students from diverse backgrounds; failure of guidance counselors to identify and enroll minority students in academic programs; and use of ability grouping and disproportionate tracking of minority students into non-college preparatory programs. Five major recommendations are made: (1) ensure inservice and preservice training for administrators, counselors, and teachers on the learning styles and guidance needs of minority students; (2) promote increased parental involvement in and greater community support for the education of minority students; (3) empower minority students and their parents by providing them with information needed to prepare for college; (4)… [PDF]

(1994). Strategic Plan To Ensure Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Connecticut Public Higher Education. Annual Report: December, 1994. This report describes the activities and results of three programs instituted under Connecticut's Minority Advancement Program (MAP) to promote racial and ethnic diversity in Connecticut public higher education. The Connecticut Collegiate Awareness and Preparation Program (ConnCAP), which enrolled 1,585 students in 1993-94, is designed to give high school students from disadvantaged backgrounds the necessary skills and motivation for success in college. The Minority Enrollment Incentive Program (MEIP) monitors the access, retention, and graduation rates of underrepresented minorities in Connecticut public colleges and universities. It found an overall increase in minority access, retention, and graduation rates between 1990 and 1994. The Minority Staff Development and Recruitment Program (MSDRP) aims to achieve representative employment for minority faculty, administrators, and other professional staff at Connecticut public colleges, universities, and central offices. It found an… [PDF]

Castro, Raymond E.; Ingle, Yolanda R. (1991). Glimpses of Innovation: Efforts To Increase Chicano/Latino Teachers in the Southwest. This volume presents the results of an effort at the Tomas Rivera Center in Claremont (California) to determine what is being done in the southwestern United States to produce more Latino and other minority teachers, including descriptions of 31 programs currently implemented at colleges and universities. The first section describes the changes in demographics in the southwest in the population in general and in the teaching force, noting the decline in minority teachers and providing a set of conclusions derived from a review of teacher training programs serving a high proportion of Latinos. Section 2 summarizes the findings on the 31 programs in the areas of recruitment and retention with a note on cross-institutional and collaborative approaches. Section 3 presents the 31 project descriptions alphabetically according to the sponsoring organization and covering the purpose; a program description; any partnership relations; a progress report; and the name, address, and telephone…

(1992). In the Shadow of Opportunity: Removing Barriers and Creating Success for America's Homeless Children and Youth. A Policy Statement. This report highlights selected states' attempts to meet the requirements of the 1990 amendments to the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act (SMHAA), which lays the groundwork for assuring that homeless children and youth have access to and success in schools. A homeless child's success story and an issue that impacts a state's ability to respond to homeless children's and youth's educational needs are each summarized for 25 states and the District of Columbia. With increased funding for fiscal year (FY) 1992, some states are expanding after-school tutorial and homework assistance projects, local projects that provide support services to address the special needs of runaway and homeless youth, alternative school programs, or initiatives that address the need for school supplies, clothing, transportation, and self-awareness. Whether the issue is full funding, the 35-50 percent requirement, transportation, or the need to increase minimum state allotments, each state's challenge… [PDF]