Arellano-Romero, Ofelia; Eggler, John (1987). Recruitment, Retention, and Innovative Instructional Strategies for Culturally Diverse Minority College Students: A Review of the Literature. Prepared to help Santa Barbara City College (SBCC) improve its recruitment/retention efforts and graduation and transfer rates, this paper presents a review of the literature relating to recruitment, retention, and teaching strategies for the culturally diverse minority community college student. Chapter 1 discusses the growing concern over the underrepresentation of Hispanics, Blacks, and Native Americans in California's postsecondary institutions. Each of the subsequent chapters offers a literature review, followed by specific recommendations for implementation at SBCC. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on recruitment strategies, and includes recommendations related to parent involvement, mentor programs, links to minority organizations and business/industry, articulation, faculty and administrative efforts, and alternatives to on-site registration. Chapter 3 focuses on the retention of culturally diverse minority college students and recommends changes in financial aid,…

Choi, Yearn H. (1981). Equity from a Public Administration Perspective. Research and Development Series No. 214C. Equity is a significant area of public administration which is integral to all disciplines that relate to the public interest, including vocational education. Vocational education is designed to achieve equity. The Vocational Education Act of 1963 mandated ready access of all persons of all ages in all communities to vocational education of high quality and suited to their needs and interests. The 1968 Amendments reinforced this directive, and sex equity was clearly stipulated in the 1976 Amendments. Vocational education was further linked with employability of any person with passage of such laws as the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. A chief barrier to equity is absence of public interest. In public administration the improvement of testing is a feasible way to effect equity. Agencies should be required to show evidence of criterion-related, content, or construct validity of their personnel selection procedure. As regards research and policy recommendations, public… [PDF]

Krieter, Nancy; Piercy, Day (1982). Women at Work: The Myth of Equal Opportunity. The advances women have made in the past decade have created the myth that women have achieved equal opportunity in the job market. In reality, the opposite is true. The current economic status of women demonstrates the need for strict enforcement of equal opportunity laws. Department of Labor data indicate that the wage gap between men and women is not narrowing. Despite popular concepts to the contrary, most women are not working to earn extras. Furthermore, men and women doing the same type of work do not earn the same pay. Also many believe the myths that women now have access to all types of jobs, earn less because they do not stay in the job market, and lack the education needed to get ahead. Analysis of Department of Labor statistics also reveals that minority women are still the victims of double discrimination. Finally, examination of current unemployment patterns proves that the large influx of women into the labor force is not responsible for high unemployment. Rather,…

Gilbertson, Eric R. (1985). The Supreme Court and Academe: The Evolution of Constitutional Doctrines for Higher Education. ASHE 1985 Annual Meeting Paper. The application of constitutional doctrines to controversies involving higher education institutions and legal theories emanating from the Supreme Court are discussed. The historical review covers academic freedom at colleges, or freedom from political interference of of outside intervention: freedom of speech or association in colleges and universities; the rights of students; the rights and interests of a private college; equal opportunity in the academy; and procedural rights for faculty and students. Constitutional decisions regarding academic freedom have struck down loyalty oaths for college staff, intrusive reporting requirements, and restrictions on political activity. The Supreme Court has protected the right of a student editor to publish controversial material. The controversies today concern the future of predominantly or historically black colleges, full integration of colleges that have been closed or hostile to minorities, and the question of whether sex… [PDF]

(1978). Jobs for the Hard-to-Employ. New Directions for a Public-Private Partnership. A Statement on National Policy by the Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development. This policy statement focuses on ways of overcoming unemployment and underemployment for groups (young, old, disadvantaged) that typically experience high or prolonged joblessness, and on increasing incentives for productive work. Recommendations resulting from the CED study focus on these areas: new and expanded use on a nationwide basis of private-sector programs that already work effectively and creation of a clearinghouse for disseminating information about successful and innovative programs; stronger organizational mechanisms to mobilize private sector involvement; increased incentives and reduced disincentives for private employment of the hard-to-employ; improved approaches to the problems of particular groups among the hard-to-employ; greater business use of alternatives to outright layoffs in recessions; and improved management and closer integration of government programs that facilitate the employment of the hard-to-employ, particularly the U.S. Employment Service and the…

Vetter, Louise; And Others (1981). Building Your Own Scenario: Agriculture, Sex Equity, and Alternative Futures. This training manual, one of a series of eight, has been developed to help state and local supervisors and teacher educators in agriculture to conduct a workshop on sex equity as it relates to their future programs for vocational education teachers and administrators in the agricultural service area. The workshop's intent is to help these professionals to infuse the concepts and practices of sex equity throughout agricultural education programs. Following an introduction that gives background on the issue of sex equity and outlines the manual, the guide contains five exercises for group participation. First, with the chance to examine "what is" in a program, participants complete descriptions focusing on their communities and educational agencies. Then, through a "what if" exercise, three alternative scenarios for the future are provided with discussion questions for relating these possible futures to sex equity and agriculture. Once the participants have… [PDF]

Vetter, Louise; And Others (1981). Building Your Own Scenario: Home Economics, Sex Equity, and Alternative Futures. This training manual, one of eight in a series, has been developed to help state and local supervisors and teacher educators in home economics to conduct a workshop on sex equity as it relates to their future programs for vocational education teachers and administrators in the home economics service area. The workshop's intent is to help these professionals to infuse the concepts and practices of sex equity throughout home economics programs. Following an introduction which provides background on the issue of sex equity and outlines the manual, the guide contains five exercises for group participation. First, with the chance to examine "what is" in a program, participants complete descriptions focusing on their communities and educational agencies. Then, through a "what if" exercise, three alternative scenarios for the future are provided with discussion questions for relating these possible futures to sex equity and home economics. Once the participants have… [PDF]

Vetter, Louise; And Others (1981). Building Your Own Scenario: Industrial Arts, Sex Equity, and Alternative Futures. This training manual, one of eight in a series, has been developed to help state and local supervisors and teacher educators in industrial arts to conduct a workshop on sex equity, as it relates to their future programs, for vocational education teachers and administrators in the industrial arts programs. Following an introduction which provides background on the issue of sex equity and outlines the manual, the guide contains five exercises for group participation. First, with the chance to examine "what is" in a program, participants complete descriptions focusing on their communities and educational agencies. Then, through a "what if" exercise, three alternative scenarios for the future are provided with discussion questions for relating these possible futures to sex equity and industrial arts. Once the participants have considered "what is" and "what if," a group exercise for brainstorming needs and possible goals for sex equity is… [PDF]

Vetter, Louise; And Others (1981). Building Your Own Scenario: Technical Education, Sex Equity, and Alternative Futures. This training manual, one in a series of eight, has been developed to help state and local supervisors and teacher educators in technical education to conduct a workshop on sex equity, as it relates to their future programs, for vocational education teachers and administrators in the technical education service area. The workshop's intent is to help these professionals to infuse the concepts and practices of sex equity throughout technical education programs. Following an introduction which provides background on the issue of sex equity and outlines the manual, the guide contains five exercises for group participation. First, with the chance to examine "what is" in a program, participants complete descriptions focusing on their communities and educational agencies. Then, through a "what if" exercise, three alternative scenarios for the future are provided with discussion questions for relating these possible futures to sex equity and technical education. Once the… [PDF]

Nelson, Anne H. (1978). The One World of Working Women. Monograph No. 1. Women of many nations, particularly the industrialized countries, are achieving greater opportunity and equality in the working world. The rate at which women are joining the work force has confounded all predictions and created unexpected difficulties in securing equal pay and access to jobs and training. The most direct discrimination, separate wage scales for men and women, has been resolved for most occupations in the industrialized countries. Yet women's earnings remain substantially lower than men's. Sweden is regarded as a model for other countries because it considers married women an important source of labor and has made provisions to accommodate them in the labor force. International organizations have given increasing attention to women's employment issues. The International Labor Organization has emphasized education and training for women and a review of the effects of social security systems on women. The United Nations has provided for development of regional plans… [PDF]

(1979). Resources in Women's Educational Equity. Special Issue 1. This compilation of over 2,000 document resumes contains abstracts or annotations of materials relevant to women's educational equity which were entered into computerized data bases from January 1975 through December 1976. Covering material produced from about 1973 to 1976, the citations relate to one of six subject categories which were the primary influences in the search strategy development for document retrieval: education, legal, career, sex differences, life style, and health. The resumes are grouped by the eleven data bases which were searched: ABI/INFORM; AGRICOLA; America: History and Life; Dissertation Abstracts International; Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC); Management Contents; MEDLARS; National Technical Information Service (NTIS); Psychological Abstracts; and Sociological Abstracts. Within each data base resumes are sequenced by WE accession number. Each resume includes some or all of the following: author(s), title, institutional affiliation, source…

(1980). On Campus With Women, Number 28, Fall 1980. Developments pertinent to women's rights and women's studies at colleges and universities are reported. The following areas are covered: the status of women's college sports programs and alleged sex discrimination involving college faculty and school organizations; the impact of litigation in promoting equity for women; approaches for handling sexual harassment of college students or school employees; the status of women faculty in Canada; salary inequities of women college graduates as compared to men graduates; problems of women's professional advancement; the retirement system and women; Black women's experience in the United States; Civil Rights issues and Asian and Pacific American women; struggles of Mexican American women in the United States; resources on women in math and science; developments at women's colleges; developments regarding women's studies; financial aid to women; and resource materials. (SW)…

(1979). For the Dignity of Humanity. 2nd Annual Commemoration of Black History. This booklet contains selected background materials, biographical information, anecdotes, and statements documenting contributions made by blacks to American history. Objectives are to call attention to information about blacks which has been systematically excluded from United States history books and to help people understand the life, heritage, culture, and problems of Americans of African descent. Organized in chronological order, the 22 sections focus on black individuals including Dred Scott, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, Blanche K. Bruce, George H. White, Homer Plessy, W.E.B. Du Bois, Booker T. Washington, Ralph J. Bunche, Mary McLeod Bethune, and Percy L. Julian. For each biographical example, information is presented on personal data, the historical period in which the individual lived and worked, types of difficulties overcome by the individual in question, and major contributions. Major topics throughout the biographical sketches focus on the… [PDF]

Perales, Cesar A. (1988). Black and Hispanic Children: Their Future is Ours. Journal of State Government, v61 n2 p45-48 Mar-Apr. Poverty, violence, illegal drugs, and despair dominate the lives of many inner-city children, most of whom are Black and Hispanic. To reverse the social and economic decline of poor neighborhoods in major metropolitan areas, the State of New York has embraced an agenda, outlined here, for rebuilding high-need inner-city communities. (Author/BJV)…

Ashcroft, Kate; Bigger, Stephen; Coates, David (1996). Researching into Equal Opportunities in Colleges and Universities. The Practical Research Series. This book examines issues in studying equal opportunity in colleges and universities, especially those in the United Kingdom, and methods for conducting research into equal opportunity issues. It is intended to provide a framework of ideas and starting points for research. Most of the techniques suggested are forms of participant research on a small scale, generally with an underlying approach of reflective practice and action research. The first chapter is an introduction to the overall series and a summary of several data collection techniques including questionnaires, interviews, observation, scenario analysis, diaries and field notes, and case study. Chapter 2 summarizes policy and procedures related to issues in equality and discusses the laws relating to equal opportunity and education in the United Kingdom. Chapter 3 explores issues related to equality in student selection such as appropriate criteria for admissions of non-traditional students and bias in vocational tests….

Kirst, Michael W. (1998). Improving and Aligning K-16 Standards, Admissions, and Freshman Placement Policies. This document examines various efforts to reform education by institutions of higher education, by states and local school systems, and by the federal government. It charges that many K-12 reform policies are moving secondary and postsecondary education in disparate directions. Problems identified include a lack of authentic measures for student assessment in relation to college preparation; misalignment between secondary student preparation and college admissions and placement standards; placement of many students in remedial classes; and low retention and completion rates of students at many public institutions. Among the recommendations made for rethinking higher education admissions and freshman placement policies are the following: (1) permit students to substitute subject matter-based external examinations in lieu of standardized placement tests; (2) link admissions standards to external discipline-based state standards; (3) align freshman placement exams with other state… [PDF]

(1979). Final Report to the Secretary for the Commissioner of Education. Office of Education, US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare The report presents data and discussion on U.S. education across sectors, as well as the work of the Office of Education (OE). Among topics covered are the education budget; OE reorganization; educational priorities, including basic skills, binding school to work, higher education, education of the handicapped; legislation, including the 1978 amendments to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, the Middle Income Student Assistance Act, and tuition tax-credit proposals; OE finance and management; grants and procurement; waste, fraud and abuse reduction, including in federal student loans and with institutional-accountability programs; regulation-writing and comment-reconciliation simplification; paperwork-burden reduction, including streamlining, consolidating, or reducing reports and forms; improving personnel practices, including increasing representation of women and minorities, and improving supervisory performance; training activities at the OE Horace Mann Center,… [PDF]

(1991). Business Management Course Guide. This course guide is designed for teaching about the U.S. business system. Students are introduced to management functions and the background knowledge/skills necessary to be a successful manager. The guide contains 10 competency goals: (1) nature of U.S. business; (2) environment of business; (3) types of business ownership; (4) management function; (5) employability skills and leadership development; (6) labor relations and legislation; (7) communications; (8) financial management; (9) production and marketing; and (10) critical issues. For each competency goal, objectives, learning activities, key terms, and suggested resources are listed. A bibliography of 56 printed resource materials, 12 visual materials, and 3 computer software packages is included. (NLA)… [PDF]

Richardson, Richard C., Jr. (1990). Responding to Student Diversity: A Community College Perspective. Minority Achievement Counting on You. More than half of entering community college students lack the basic skills required to do college-level academic work. Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians disproportionately rely on community colleges as their point of initial access to higher education, making the issue of preparation inherently tied to factors of race and ethnicity. In some areas, community colleges enroll 40% of all high school graduates, but 80% of the minority graduates. The prevailing community college approach to student preparation issues involves a deficiency model in which remediation is emphasized as the dominant strategy for bringing everyone to minimum standards. Also needed is an achievement model that challenges faculty to design an environment where diversity is valued and individuals are inspired to build on their strengths to attain maximum potential. The task of implementing achievement models in institutions historically committed to access is, above all, a task of managing culture. While… [PDF]

(1990). Equity and Choice: Issues and Answers in the Dallas Schools. As desegregation alternatives to busing are explored in the Dallas school district, educational equity remains a priority. Components and goals of the Dallas educational equity plan are presented in this address. The two most consistent challenges are recruiting minority staff and getting white students to attend schools in predominantly minority areas. A major feature of the school district plan is a controlled choice policy, of which special K-6 learning centers are a part. The ways in which the Pearl C. Anderson learning center (Dallas, Texas) recruited students and created special programs are discussed. The learning center's success is attributed to shared organizational purpose, an emphasis on positive individual experience, enhancement of student achievement in traditional and nontraditional subjects, and parent education and participation. Conclusions are that the gap between minority and white achievement opportunities has narrowed, but has not closed, and that educational…

Farley, Jennie, Ed. (1983). The Woman in Mangement. Career and Family Issues. In chapter 1 of this volume of conference proceedings, economist Juanita M. Kreps traces the effects of demographic and social changes on the role of women in the economy. Chapter 2 presents management consultant Betty Lehan Harragan's \gamesmanship\ thesis. In chapter 3, sociologist Rosabeth Moss Kanter analyzes the role of high technology in work. In chapter 4, the panelists' talks are presented, together with the discussion they elicited. Publisher Pam McAllister Johnson tells how she dealt with coworkers who felt that she was disadvantaged by being black and female; attorney Linda Bartlett focuses on the law; personnel executive Carol Kiryluk reflects on the advantages and disadvantages of being a single woman; and banker Eleanor Byrnes describes ways corporations are meeting the needs of dual-career employees. Personal solutions to the problems inherent in working and being a parent of small children are recounted by attorney Patricia M. Oesterle, personnel manager Deborah K….

(1984). A Working Woman's Guide to Her Job Rights. Leaflet 55. [Revised]. This guide presents general information about Federal legislation that affects women's rights when they are seeking a job, while on the job, and when they retire. The guide is organized in four parts. The first part offers suggestions on how women can assert their job rights, while the second section provides information on getting a job, including ways in which employment services, training programs, and education institutions may not discriminate. Federal protection for jobseekers and information about laws against discrimination based on sex, race, color, religion, and national origin are included in this section. In the third section, prohibition of discrimination on the job is discussed. Some of the topics covered are minimum wages; overtime pay; equal pay; pay equity; promotions, training, and working conditions; maternity leave/pregnancy discrimination; sexual harassment; garnishment; unemployment insurance; compensation for injuries; occupational safety and health;… [PDF]

Donovan, Mary; Johnson, Beth Hillman (1987). Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions. Bibliography No. 15. The 15th volume of the \Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions\ bibliography is intended to continue as a major research tool for those involved in either the study of or the practice of collective bargaining in higher education. It, along with the other volumes, documents the historical development and growth of collective bargaining in higher education. This particular volume, unlike the others, does not contain a listing of court cases and administrative orders (because the volume of reported cases has grown to a proportion that referencing them is best left to the courts and legal reporting services). Five sections include the following: (1) faculty bibliography (e.g. academic freedom, collective bargaining, comparable worth, due process, financial exigency, fringe benefits, merit pay, non-faculty, retirement, retrenchment, salaries, strikes, tenure, and women faculty); (2) professions and professionals bibliography (health care administration and…

DeVore, Mary Ann; Good, James D. (1981). Expanding Options. A Model to Attract Secondary Students into Nontraditional Vocational Programs. For Emphasis in: Building Trades, Electronics, Health Services, Machine Shop, Welding. This model has been designed for use by Missouri secondary schools in attracting females and males into nontraditional occupational programs. The research-based strategies are intended for implementation in the following areas: attracting females into building trades, electronics, machine shop, and welding; and males into secondary health services. The model is organized in nine sections. The introductory section contains reasons for recruiting nontraditional workers, a summary of legislation pertinent to equal opportunity, and instructions for using the materials. In section 2, background information and research findings relating to influencing enrollment of nontraditional students are provided, setting the stage for the strategies for increasing nontraditional enrollments, evolved from research, which follow in section 3. Sections 4-7 contain transparency masters; activities for action/discussion use in classrooms; student activities, inservice training, and parent meetings;…

Piland, William E.; Wentling, Tim L. (1982). Assessing Access and Equity. Local Leader Guide VII. Locally-Directed Evaluation Handbook. Second Edition. This document, one of 12 guides that have been developed to facilitate evaluation by and for local education agency (LEA) personnel in Illinois, is designed to help local education agencies better serve special populations. This activity will help identify existing and potential problems hindering quality educational opportunities for "protected" populations. Further, this evaluation is designed to prepare the agency for an on-site visit by the Civil Rights Compliance review team of the Department of Adult Vocational and Technical Education (DAVTE). The guide has been designed to aid the person who has responsibility for leading this particular activity. It includes three sections. The first section on preliminary considerations contains a brief explanation of this evaluation activity and the necessary steps to prepare for the evaluation undertaking. Suggestions are included for holding a staff meeting to discuss the activity. The second section of the guide is a… [PDF]

Fernandez, Ricardo R.; And Others (1976). Report on State Services to the Hispanic Population of Wisconsin. The scope and quality of services provided to Hispanic persons in Wisconsin were investigated in 1976 by the Governor's Council for Spanish Speaking People and comparisons were made to findings of 1971 and 1974 reviews. Detailed questionnaires were developed for each state agency, and five hearings were held in different locations within the state. For each of the following agencies, information is provided on their functions, questionnaire responses, and council recommendations: Educational Communications Board; Higher Educational Aids Board; Department of Public Instruction; State Historical Society; University of Wisconsin System; Vocational, Technical, and Adult Education System; Department of Administration; Department of Agriculture; Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations; Department of Regulation and Licensing; State Manpower Council; Department of Health and Social Services; Department of Justice; Wisconsin Council on Criminal Justice; Department of Business… [PDF]

Sechler, Judith A. (1981). Enhancing Placement. Sex Equity Training Package. Unlocking Nontraditional Careers. Research and Development Series No. 215B. This training package provides materials to build collaborative relationships and commitment between vocational educators and employers in order to enhance placement of women and men in occupations nontraditional to their sex. The three units of the training package are intended for use beyond the initial stage of raising awareness of the need for sex equity. Unit 1 is designed to update the participants' awareness of the current status and motivation of nontraditional students and workers. Unit 2 focuses on breaking down myths and stereotypes by sharing success stories about nontraditional workers and students. The final unit provides training to achieve skills for positive interactions with nontraditionals, to solve potential problems encountered by nontraditionals, and to develop mutual action plans for collaborative placement strategies. Each unit contains objectives, a daily outline, and learning activities. Materials are designed to provide 4 1/2 to 6 1/2 hours of instruction…. [PDF]

Vetter, Louise; And Others (1981). Building Your Own Scenario: Health Occupations, Sex Equity, and Alternative Futures. This training manual, one of eight in a series, has been developed to help state and local supervisors and teacher educators in health occupations to conduct a workshop for vocational education teachers and administrators in the health occupations service area. The workshop's intent is to help these professionals to infuse the concepts and practices of sex equity throughout health occupations education programs. Following an introduction which gives background on the issue of sex equity and outlines the manual, the guide contains five exercises for group participation. First, with the chance to examine "what is" in a program, participants complete descriptions focusing on their communities and educational agencies. Then, through a "what if" exercise, three alternative scenarios for the future are provided with discussion questions for relating these possible futures to sex equity and health occupations. Once the participants have considered "what is"… [PDF]

Vetter, Louise; And Others (1981). Building Your Own Scenario: Marketing and Distributive Education, Sex Equity, and Alternative Futures. This training manual, one in a seris of eight, has been developed to help state and local supervisors and teacher educators in marketing and distributive education to conduct a workshop on sex equity, as it relates to their future programs, for vocational education teachers and administrators in the marketing and distributive education service area. The workshop's intent is to help these professionals to infuse the concepts and practices of sex equity throughout marketing and distributive education programs. Following an introduction which provides background on the issue of sex equity and outlines the manual, the guide contains five exercises for group participation. First, with the chance to examine "what is" in a program, participants complete descriptions focusing on their communities and educational agencies. Then, through a "what if" exercise, three alternative scenarios for the future are provided with discussion questions for relating these possible… [PDF]

Vetter, Louise; And Others (1981). Building Your Own Scenario: Trade and Industry, Sex Equity, and Alternative Futures. This training manual, one in a series of eight, has been developed to help state and local supervisors and teacher educators in trade and industrial education to conduct a workshop on sex equity, as it relates to their future programs, for vocational education teachers and administrators in the trade and industrial service area. The workshop's intent is to help these professionals to infuse the concepts and practices of sex equity throughout trade and industrial education programs. Following an introduction which provides background on the issues of sex equity and outlines the manual, the guide contains five exercises for group participation. First, with the chance to examine "what is" in a program, participants complete descriptions focusing on their communities and educational agencies. Then, through a "what if" exercise, three alternative scenarios for the future are provided with discussion questions for relating these possible futures to sex equity and trade… [PDF]