Ambash, Joseph W.; Hajian, Tamar; Sizer, Judith R. (1998). Record-Keeping and Reporting Requirements for Independent and Public Colleges and Universities. This publication summarizes federal laws governing record-keeping, reporting, and retention of records typically in the possession of private and public colleges. It reviews relevant requirements of statutory and regulatory laws in regard to student records (transcripts, medical records, admission files, and disciplinary records); employee records (personnel files, affirmative action information, and payroll records); reporting and record-keeping requirements for nonprofit institutions; student financial aid records; records for grants and sponsored research; law enforcement records (campus security and hazing reports); licensure and accreditation records; and miscellaneous records (including voting lists, registration of out-of-state motor vehicles, and records required by the Drug Free Schools and Communities Act of 1988). The publication also discusses privacy and nondisclosure issues in relation to particular types of records, along with specific time periods for record…

(1998). Diversity Blueprint: A Planning Manual for Colleges and Universities. This guide uses the planning process at the University of Maryland, College Park, as an example of comprehensive campus-wide planning for institutional and programmatic diversity goals. Five planning principles are identified: (1) accountability, (2) inclusiveness, (3) shared responsibility, (4) evaluation, and (5) institutionalization. Chapters are organized thematically, highlighting diversity programs and institutional priorities that have been created at the University of Maryland based on the five planning principles as applied to the following five institutional planning priorities: (1) leadership and systemic change; (2) recruitment, retention, and affirmative action; (3) curriculum transformation; (4) campus-community connections; and (5) faculty, staff, and student involvement. The structure of the manual mirrors that of DiversityWeb, a Web site that offers good practices and a planning format for institutions working together on diversity efforts. Inserts and sidebars… [PDF]

Brooks, Nancy A. (1988). Sexual Harassment in Education. Teaching and Learning at Indiana University, Feb. Three situations of sexual harassment, typical of the complaints received by various departments and offices on all Indiana University campuses, are presented. According to the National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs, "academic sexual harassment is the use of authority to emphasize the sexuality or sexual identity of a student in a manner which prevents or impairs that student's full enjoyment of educational benefits, climate, or opportunities." Gender harassment, as defined by the Modern Language Association's Commission on the Status of Women, "consists of discriminatory behavior directed against individuals who belong to a gender group that the aggressor considers inferior." Most universities offer a variety of channels for effective informal resolution of harassment complaints. Several of these are discussed and addresses for the Affirmative Action offices on Indiana University campuses are provided. The Indiana University "Policy and…

Schultz, Debra L.; And Others (1993). To Reclaim a Legacy of Diversity: Analyzing the "Political Correctness" Debates in Higher Education. "Political correctness" has recently been appropriated by organizations and individual advocates seeking to attack and focus negative media attention on reforms in higher education. This report documents both the facts and media distortions that have shaped almost a decade of campus debate on affirmative action, multicultural and feminist curriculum reform, and programs to diversify college campuses. The report also highlights the conditions that have given rise to an unrivaled backlash in academia. Topics addressed include media coverage of political correctness, conservative activism in higher education, liberal responses to the backlash, funding patterns, and campus violence/campus climate issues. Appendices include a chronological list of media coverage that addressed political correctness issues between 1989 and 1993, a list of activist networks of student newspapers on campuses, statistics concerning people of color and women in higher education, the addresses and… [PDF]

Harvey, Jim (1988). Prejudice and the Reduction of Prejudice in Australian Society. White Australian history has displayed rampant racism, sexism, and cultural chauvinism. Since 1947 Australia has undergone a demographic revolution in both size and ethnic composition. The four million migrants, 56 percent of whom are of non-British origin, and their 2 million children, account for nearly 60 percent of Australia's post-war population growth. Although the federal and state governments have been enacting equal opportunity and affirmative action legislation, and there have been improvements in community attitudes toward migrants, racism and cultural chauvinism persist in many forms and in many aspects of Australian society. Aboriginal Australians are the minority group most subject to prejudice and discrimination. The following aspects of the nature and construction of prejudice are discussed: (1) racialism; (2) cultural superiority; and (3) political and economic dimensions. Australian society must combat prejudice by generating a range of coherent policies to work…

(1987). Annual Report on Higher Education in New Jersey, 1986-87. The New Jersey annual report on higher education outlines achievements and problems within the system. Five sections focus on the following topics: (1) introduction; (2) system status report (size of the system, budget and finance, funding policies and formulas, faculty, state college autonomy, and overall academic health); (3) the foundations of excellence (the Governor's challenges, departmental grant programs, the 1984 Jobs, Science, and Technology Bond Act, and improving undergraduate education); (4) equity/access (transfer advisory board, minority enrollment initiatives, basic skills, affirmative action, and student assistance); and (5) special issues (assessment, Student Unit Record Enrollment system, health professions education policy, initiatives, and sector study commissions). Two appendices provide tables on finance, academics, admissions/enrollments, and faculty in New Jersey and on membership of the Advisory Board and groups. A map shows the locations of New Jersey… [PDF]

(1984). Faculty Collective Bargaining in the California State University. A Staff Report on the 1983-1986 Agreement between the Board of Trustees and the California Faculty Association for Unit 3–Faculty. Commission Report 84-3. Features of a 1983-1986 faculty collective bargaining contract at the California State University (CSU) are described. The Congress of Faculty Associations won representation rights for the faculty bargaining unit at CSU in a 1983 election. Attention is directed to: grievance procedures; appointment, probation, tenure, and promotions; layoff; salary schedule; exceptional merit service awards; market condition salary supplements; and library faculty unit salary schedule. Included in the bargaining unit are those classifications of librarians that are considered as faculty. The agreement streamlines all grievance and disciplinary action procedures to provide shorter time periods at each step. A significant change from past procedures is that the grievance proceedings now provide for full "de novo" hearings before the arbitrator and eliminate a faculty hearing prior to arbitration. All layoffs of nontenured faculty require consideration of seniority, affirmative action,… [PDF]

Baron, Richard L.; And Others (1980). Skill-Based Management Training: The Teaching Family Model Revisisted. This paper provides a description of the Program Manager Workshop, a skill-based management training workshop for managers of group homes. The workshop is an extension of the Teaching-Family Model of Community Based Care, a model used in residential treatment homes for persons experiencing problems such as delinquency, retardation, mental illness, and autism. Each section of the workshop follows the format of lecture, discussion, modeling, and behavioral rehearsal. The content of various workshop sections is outlined: (1) Planning for Organizational Change; (2) Dealing with Bureaucratic Behavior; (3) Policies and Procedural Checklisting; (4) Shades of Differences; (5) Staff Meetings; (6) Equal Employment/Affirmative Action; (7) Responsive Management; (8) Problem Analysis and Decision Making; and (9) The Program Manager as a Teacher. The workshop evaluation is presented along three dimensions: participant satisfaction, skill performance, and consumer satisfaction. Evaluation data are…

Sindler, Allan P. (1978). Bakke, DeFunis, and Minority Admissions. The Quest for Equal Opportunity. The public policy and legal issues surrounding preferential admissions of minorities in higher education and the politics and human drama of the controversy are reviewed and analyzed in this book. Focus is on the court cases of Marco DeFunis against the University of Washington law school and Allan Bakke against the University of California Medical School at Davis. The problem considered is how to promote equal opportunity for disadvantaged minorities through affirmative action without engaging in reverse discrimination. Included in the book are considerations of divergent notions of equal opportunity, increasing numbers of applicants and rising standards of admission, racial preference, special admissions or discretionary selection, goals and quotas, legal strategies, comparative academic qualifications, an increasing supply of qualified minority applicants, equal protection of the laws and racial classifications, and political implications. The Bakke and DeFunis cases are detailed…

(1977). The White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals. Delegate Workbook. Workshop VIII: Special Concerns (2). Civil Rights/Special Populations/Veterans/Aging. The last of eight delegate workbooks prepared for the May, 1977 White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals contains ballots for the workshop on civil rights, special populations, veterans and aging. The ballots are designed to enable delegates to assign priorities to various issues and proposals in a way that reflects conclusions of state and territorial conferences. The following issues are among those presented: enforcement of antidiscrimination and affirmative action laws; educating handicapped persons about their rights; the import of the right to treatment in the least restrictive environment; ensuring delivery of services and goods to the disabled; changing negative attitudes toward minorities; retaining disabled uniformed military personnel in military service; and housing legislation responsive to the needs of aged handicapped persons. For each such topic, multiple proposals, to which delegates must assign priorities, are listed. For example, the ways suggested to…

(1979). Fact Sheets from the ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children: 1979 Series. A series of 20 fact sheets is provided giving basic information on specific subjects of interest to those working with handicapped and gifted children. The fact sheets, developed by the ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children during fiscal year 1979, are designed in question/answer format and have resource references. Following are the topics of the fact sheets: career education, how a parent group can effect legislation for the gifted and talented, the special education job market, federal resources for special education, assessment of minority students, cultural values and motivation, educational rights of American Indian and Alaska native handicapped children, special problems of handicapped minority students, multicultural education and the exceptional child, self identity and the culturally diverse child, affirmative action for the handicapped, reaching handicapped children in their early years, the argument for early…

Babbitt, Samuel F.; And Others (1975). Research and Support Strategies For Women's Higher Education. Inadequate support is presently offered for the study of certain important questions which have serious implications for educational policies affecting women. Priority should be given to the support of those areas of research and program development and evaluation that have the most critical implications for both the higher education of women and women's status in institutions of higher education. Support should include: (1) research on coeducational and sex education experiences, outcomes of affirmative action, career patterns of women, living arrangements, intellectual development, women's psychological autonomy, social policies regarding families; (2) development and evaluation of women's studies, women's centers, counseling services, efforts to encourage women to enter other than traditional majors and/or career fields, "coping training," sex distributions, the means to raise the level of women's qualitative skills, classroom sex ratios; recruitment of women to the… [PDF]

(1974). Education Programs and Activities Receiving or Benefiting from Federal Financial Assistance: Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex. Part 2. Federal Register, v39 n120 p22228-40 Jun 20. Title IX, of the Education Amendments of 1972, provides that "no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance," with certain exceptions. This report contains proposed rules to implement Title IX. The report includes definitions and provisions concerning remedial affirmative actions, required assurances, dissemination of information policies, and other general matters related to sex discrimination. It describes the educational institutions and other entities, whether public or private, which are covered in whole or in part by the proposed regulations and sets forth the general and particular prohibitions with respect to nondiscrimination based on sex in admissions policies and admission preferences. Also set forth are rules with respect to prohibited discrimination in educational programs… [PDF]

Kintzer, Frederick C., Ed. (1973). Summer Workshop for New Community Junior College Presidents and Wives. The report on the 1973 Summer Workshop for New Community Junior College Presidents and Wives contains the presentations, or summaries of them, made by members of the workshop staff and summaries of the major discussions. These papers and discussions are: (1) Community College Administration: Part I, Great Challenges Ahead, and Part II, Design and Implementation of a New Philosophy of Community College Education; (2) President-Board Relationships: Building a Bridge of Communication; (3) The Human Side of Management: Applications to Community College Administration; (4) State, Regional, and National Systems of Education: Coordination or Control?; (5) Panel Discussion on Instruction: Why Be Concerned?; (6) Human Development: Self-Actualization by Group Process; (7) Student Personnel Services; (8) Evaluation of Professional Performance; (9) Recommended Evaluation Procedures for MCCCD; (10) Office of Affirmative Action at Grossmont College; (11) Organization and Administration of… [PDF]

(1999). An International Visitor's Guide to Higher Education in the United States. This booklet presents information to international visitors on higher education in the United States. Section 1, \Introduction to U.S. Higher Education, Its Governance, Administration, and Accreditation,\ discusses: federal government and state roles; types of institutions of higher education; administrative structure; and accreditation, quality, and standards. Section 2, \Admissions, Faculty, Students, and Instruction,\ focuses on: academic entrance exams, admission of foreign students, transfer students, and graduate admissions; faculty qualifications, tenure, and evaluation; foreign students attending U.S. colleges and universities; and the academic year, credit system, types of courses and methods of instruction, student evaluation, and diplomas and degrees. Section 3,\Financing Higher Education,\ discusses: institutional income and expenditures; costs of higher education to students and their families; and financing foreign students. Section 4, \Major Issues in U.S. Higher…

(1995). CNN Newsroom Classroom Guides. June 1-30, 1995. These classroom guides for the daily CNN (Cable News Network) Newsroom broadcasts for the month of June provide program rundowns, suggestions for class activities and discussions, student handouts, and a list of related news terms. Topics covered by the guides include: (1) amusement park physics, media resources and literacy, and the war in Bosnia (June 1-2); (2) the war in Bosnia, hurricanes, the new Russia, newspaper closings, South Korea, Indianapolis 500 technology, and forces of the earth (June 5-9); (3) future fabrics, clashing ideologies of Clinton and Gingrich, Iran's nuclear future, affirmative action, California caviar, marketing strategy and target markets, and aircraft and founders of flight (June 12-16); (4) defining art, ancient customs and modern marriage, Thailand elections, worldwide voting qualifications, Kenya's economy, language of international business, charting the stars, advise and consent of presidential appointments, and democracy and media (June 19-23);…

Roth, Byron M. (1994). Prescription for Failure: Race Relations in the Age of Social Science. Studies in Social Philosophy. No. 18. Progress in civil rights for black Americans does not appear to have been matched, at least in recent years, by equal progress in social harmony. It is argued that a considerable part of present racial difficulties are the result of commonly expressed understandings that are deeply flawed and that these flaws can be corrected only if social scientists are more forthright in their reporting of social science research. The growth of the black underclass represents the greatest impediment to black progress and racial harmony today. The extent to which the growth of the underclass is related to civil rights policies is explored, recognizing that these policies were based on popular understanding rather than social science research. The importance of education is explored in Chapter 9 of Part IV, \The Debilitating Triad: Crime, Illegitimacy, and Inadequate Education.\ Academic achievement, school funding, affirmative action, school effectiveness, and Afrocentric education are among the…

Budig, Jeanne E. (1986). Comparable Worth and the Office of Institutional Research. AIR 1986 Annual Forum Paper. Comparable worth and pay equity issues are considered, along with implications for college institutional researchers. Comparable worth is generally defined as a policy of paying equal pay for work of comparable value. After discussing the issues and tracing relevant legislation, attention is directed to ways that the institutional research office can work with the personnel director, affirmative action officer, recruitment staff, and legal staff. Included are data on average earnings of men and women by age, salary differences for working women and men based on marital status, and women's and men's earnings for different occupations. Advantages of comparable worth include elimination of alleged wage discrimination, reversal of historical stereotypes that have undervalued women's jobs, while disadvantages include the fact that there is no universal standard of how to measure comparable worth and that implementation costs are high. A faculty member alleging a violation of the Equal…

Buck, Carolyn B. (1985). Summer Bridge: A Residential Learning Experience for High Risk Freshmen at the University of California, San Diego. The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) has developed and implemented a special program called Summer Bridge, designed to assist targeted incoming freshmen in the transition from high school to university life. The goals of the program are to improve the students' college experiences and raise retention rates. Targeted students are low-income, educationally or culturally disadvantaged, or from five minority ethnic groups, who have had poorer academic performance and retention rates than traditional students in the past. Because of affirmative action programs at UCSD, greater numbers of these high-risk students are enrolling. Summer Bridge is a 4-week summer residential program designed to improve students' academic performance and to integrate them into university life. The academic components of the program include writing, math, and science skills. Time management and communication skills sessions are also held. The peer network available to students is strongly emphasized… [PDF]

Martin, Dawn Vincent (1986). Teacher Testing: I'm O.K., You're O.K., But Somebody's Not!. Concern about the preparation and competence of teachers has brought about a rapid spread of teacher competency assessment programs. Currently, 36 states test or plan to test teachers prior to certification. Two states, Arkansas and Texas, are already involved with testing teachers in service. Teacher competency testing has become embroiled in state and national politics, and has also become involved in charges of racism and anti-affirmative action. Even though teacher shortages promise to become more severe in the future, several states have exacerbated these shortages by requiring competency tests for teacher certification. Furthermore, while the competency tests produce shortages that result in suboptional instruction for pupils, they provide no incentive for highly qualified people to enter or stay in the teaching profession. While the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) and the National Education Association (NEA) support, to varying degrees, teacher competency testing prior…

Fincher, Cameron (1980). Linking Faculty Evaluation and Faculty Rewards in the University. Issues in Higher Education, Number 16, 1980. The way in which faculty reward is linked to faculty evaluation is examined. It is contended that faculty reputations continue to be important to instructional images and professional advancement of the individual and are dominant in many systems of faculty evaluation. The contradiction when faculty are evaluated on the basis of performance and then rewarded on the basis of reputation is noted. The determinants of faculty salaries appear to be a complex mixture of status or rank, preparation or background, research or scholarly achievement, and professional reputation. Additional trends and factors that must be considered in planning for effective reward systems include inflation, the changing missions of many institutions, and affirmative action and other efforts to reduce discriminatory practices in higher education. One weakness of current faculty development programs is their lack of firm linkage to institutional incentives and rewards. Among the possible approaches that might… [PDF]

Fernandez, John P. (1972). Black Managers in White Corporations. The study examines the major determinants of the career patterns of black managers in white businesses and the effects of corporations on their black managers' identities and relationships to the black community. Analyzed were occupational mobility theories; white and black managers' career patterns, goals, and related factors; company employment policies and Affirmative Action Programs; managers' understanding of the companies' hiring and promoting policies and their influence on and agreement with those policies; racial attitudes; effects of social protest on black managers' career patterns; and the effect of black managers' position in white corporations on their relationship to their communities. One hundred fifty-six white managers and 116 black managers in eight firms were studied using a seven-part questionnaire. All the data indicate that racial discrimination is the major factor explaining the situation of blacks in the corporate world (only 1.9 per cent of the managers of… [PDF]

Robinson, Lora H. (1973). Institutional Analysis of Sex Discrimination: A Review and Annotated Bibliography. Several conditions contribute to the need for information about women's standing in the academic community. Women's groups and individuals continue to file complaints of sex discrimination against colleges and universities with federal agencies who have enforcement responsibilities in this area. In addition, civil suits have arisen, and institutions are faced with developing affirmative action plans that include women in their focus. While some schools have already completed one or more studies of the status of women on campus, others have yet to undertake this task. This report is designed for those embarking on such studies in the near future. The bibliography was designed to facilitate information gathering and utilization in 3 ways: to aid cross comparisons between institutions; to help locate useful analytical approaches; and to highlight the variety of concerns that have received attention. The bibliographical entries are listed alphabetically by institution and contain brief… [PDF]

Keys, Carol; Lasdon, Erica; Neas, Ralph G. (2001). Community Voice or Captive of the Right? A Closer Look at the Black Alliance for Educational Options. This report examines the activities, funding, and affiliations of the Black Alliance for Educational Options (BAEO), highlighting its promotion of school vouchers, affiliations of its leaders and board of directors, and history of its funders. The BAEO bills itself as a grassroots coalition of African American leaders, though it is bankrolled by several small foundations known better for supporting school privatization schemes and affirmative action rollbacks than empowering African Americans (the John Walton and the Walton Family Foundation, Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, American Education Reform Council, and Milton and Rose D. Friedman Foundation). The BAEO board includes primarily African American voucher supporters, many of whom are high-profile advocates, such as Former Rep. Floyd Flake and right-wing radio host Armstrong Williams. The BAEO's recent powerful advertising campaign, which uses the language of the civil rights movement, appears to be part of the Right's… [PDF]

Loeffler, T. A. (1996). The Current Status of Women's Employment in Outdoor Leadership. A common assumption in the outdoor field has been that women's development as outdoor leaders has not kept pace with their participation in outdoor adventure activities. A survey about women's employment was mailed to 103 outdoor education programs with an adventure component; 62 responded. The programs served 160,585 participants in 1994, of which 41 percent were female. The programs employed 3,401 staff, of which 45 percent were female. However, women made up only 38 percent of executive staff and 38 percent of governing board members. However, organizations that specifically recruited women did not have higher percentages of women employees. Organizations with an affirmative action hiring policy tended to have higher percentages of women employees overall, but not in the executive category. Among administrators responding to the survey, women had significantly lower salaries than men, and this salary gap was not related to educational level or experience. Female administrators… [PDF]

Pavan, Barbara Nelson (1995). First Year District Superintendents: Women Reflect on Contradictions between Education and Politics. Despite passage of affirmative-action legislation in the United States, the percentage of women school superintendents has increased at a very slow pace. This paper identifies the major challenges faced by four female entry-level superintendents and the strategies they used to deal with them. Data were collected during a group interview with the four superintendents at the end of their first year on the job. All had entered new school districts after gaining experience as assistant superintendents. The superintendents, three white and one African-American, utilized some similar strategies to handle issues. During their first year on the job, the women: (1) learned to recognize and accept politics as a reality; (2) entered the job with a formal entry plan and later developed a district plan; (3) engaged in learning and open communication with all stakeholders; (4) studied past practices; (5) practiced creative problem solving rather than confrontation; (6) protected their… [PDF]

McClure, Michael D.; Vickery, Leah J. (1998). The 4 P's of Accessibility in Post-Secondary Education: Philosophy, Policy, Procedures and Programs. This paper describes how Ball State University in Indiana provides accommodations for individuals with disabilities, including faculty, staff and students. The university's history of providing accommodations is traced from the 1920s, when members of the football team carried a student using a wheelchair up stairways to attend classes, through the 1960s when curb cuts on campus sidewalks were made, followed by the 1970s building renovation and program accessibility, and the 1980s, when intramural sports were modified so that students with disabilities were able to participate fully. The introduction of an infrared sound system in the main university performing arts auditorium when the national touring company of "Children of A Lesser God" came to campus is also highlighted, along with the development of a computer literacy curriculum for students with vision impairment. The coordination of the offices of Affirmative Action and Human Resources with the Coordinator of… [PDF]

Olivas, Michael A. (1986). Legal Issues. Syllabi and texts used in courses on higher education law are reviewed. These courses are offered as part of graduate level studies in the field of higher education administration. A major gap appears to be the need for a current and frequently revised casebook. Four major topics that higher education law courses emphasize are as follows: the legal underpinnings of colleges, faculty legal issues, students and the law, and regulation of higher education. Of concern were: the relationship of private institutions to the states and the status of public institutions with varying amounts of autonomy; issues concerning academic freedom, collective bargaining, affirmative action, and tenure; matters of research and the legal implications for faculty; the demise of in loco parentis and the rise of a contractual relationship between students and colleges; the increasing role of the federal government in financing and regulating colleges and universities; and the increasing role of states and… [PDF]

Appelbaum, Eileen; Koppel, Ross (1978). Informal Comments on Critical Issues in Higher Education. Information based on a longitudinal study indicates that white high school and college graduates earn more than white high school dropouts and that black high school graduates earn more than black high school dropouts. However, the base for the two groups is not the same and the prestige jobs available to each is different. Also, the long-run advantages of a college education have decreased significantly. The implications of these statistics are more related to the labor market than they are to the educational establishment. The number of low-paying, dead-end, low-skill jobs are increasing at a much faster rate than high-prestige, high-paying jobs. This has resulted in an oversupply of workers qualified for professional and technical occupations. A three-pronged policy thrust is needed if job opportunities are to be opened for black youth: instruction in the public schools must be upgraded, affirmative action minority hiring programs and public policy must be developed, and the…

Barger, Robert Newton (1979). The Necessity of Achieving a Balanced Ratio Between Minority Faculty and Minority Students. The problem of achieving a balanced ratio between minority faculty and minority students is discussed. Among the five difficulties seen as a result of failure to achieve a balanced faculty/student ratio are that minority students will suffer from lack of role models, counseling of minority students by sympathetic minority faculty will be more difficult to achieve, and innovation and the breaking of stereotypes will be hampered. It is contended that federally mandated affirmative action programs have largely failed to produce any of the desired results. An appeal to institutional and individual self-interest is proposed as a means to achieve a balanced minority ratio. It is suggested that once faculty members understand that the future of the programs and college units in which they work are threatened by failure to achieve a balanced ratio, motivation to bring about the necessary changes will emerge. The legitimacy of the minority status of a candidate as a factor in selection is… [PDF]