Johnson, Sammye (1985). Attitudes, Values and Background of High School Journalists Compared with the Media Elite. To compare attitudes, values, and background of high school journalists with those of the media elite (journalists already working in the media), a survey was administered to 132 public and private high school students attending the Trinity University Journalism Institute during June 5-9, 1983. These students were the editors of their newspapers, yearbooks, and literary magazines. Students' personal backgrounds, such as fathers' educational and occupational status, metropolitan environment, and solid middle or upple middle class homes, were similar to those of adult journalists surveyed. Students either matched or exceeded the privileged levels reported by the media elite. On half of the social and political issues included–which featured questions about abortion, income limits, affirmative action, homosexual rights, and environmental protection–students scored about the same as the adult media elite. However, students are much more religious than the media elite. It appears that…

Johnson, Virginia G., Ed.; Schlessinger, Rashelle, Ed. (1984). A University Handbook on Disabilities. Accommodations that can aid in the learning process for disabled students at Clarion University of Pennsylvania are outlined in this handbook funded by the college's Affirmative Action Committee. Objectives of the guide are: to define and describe the major disabilities (hearing impairment, learning disability, mobility impairment, speech impairment, and visual impairment); to identify the major problems that disabled students encounter during the academic semester; to outline disabled student responsibilities for making teachers aware of problems that their disability will cause for them in the class; and to suggest changes that may be made by faculty to accommodate the special needs of disabled students. For each disability, accommodations for the classroom and for testing are suggested. Guidelines for faculty and for disabled students are also included for each type of disability. In addition, a bibliography of sources that contain information about disabilities and dealing with…

Calvin, Allen (1984). Age Discrimination on Campus. AAHE Bulletin, v37 n3 Nov. Issues of mandatory retirement for faculty are discussed. In 1978, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act was amended to raise the age of forced retirement to 70, but tenured college professors were exempted from the protections of the amendment. Arguments raised by advocates of forced retirement for tenured college professors include: the decline in the number of 18- to 21-year-olds will adversely affect college enrollments; older faculty are less productive than younger faculty; and administrators will be unable to implement affirmative action programs for minorities and women unless older faculty are forced to retire. The Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association-College Retirement Equities Fund (TIAA-CREF) recently surveyed retired annuitants. It was found that 85 percent of participating colleges and universities ignored the exemption, and only 21 percent of annuitants had been forced to retire because they had reached the mandatory retirement age. TIAA-CREF found that male…

Erickson, Richard C.; Hubbs, Marguerite (1983). Survey of Entry-Level Skills Training by Selected Missouri Manufacturers. Final Report. Missouri manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment and related products were surveyed to identify entry-level skills training decision factors and the extent of entry-level skills training by the manufacturers. Two instruments were constructed for use in the study. The Training Decision Inventory was used to assess the influence of specified issues on manufacturers' decisions to offer training; the Survey of Entry-Level Skills Training was used to ascertain the nature and extent of entry-level skills training. Results indicated that issues related to employee motivation/affirmative action, technology/productivity, and education preparation affected manufacturers' decisions to offer entry-level skills training. Cost benefit, expenditures for training, and labor market issues had equivalent influence on the decision-making process with respect to whether or not firms offer training. Data on the nature and extent of existing skills training were inadequate in number to allow…

Washington, Earl M. (1986). Western Michigan University's Black College Program, Swelling the Black Faculty Cohort. The shortage of black faculty at predominantly white institutions is discussed, along with the efforts of Western Michigan University to increase the number of black faculty. Reasons cited for the shortage of black faculty (about 4% of U.S. faculty in 1980 were black) include institutional racism, failure of affirmative action policies, low numbers of black Ph.Ds, declining emphasis on recruiting and retaining minority graduate students, and a discouraging job outlook for new doctorate holders. A decreasing black faculty presence means fewer role models for black graudate students, who may find white colleges inhospitable. Western Michigan University has created The Black College Program to promote the professional development of faculty from historically black institutions. Junior faculty from black schools can enroll in graduate programs to attain advanced degrees or specialized training. Fellowships and assistantships are available, and reciprocal financial support from the home…

(1986). Five-Year Master Rolling Plan 1986-1991. The Connecticut State Department of Children and Youth Services is a multi-service agency which assists children and youth through directly operated and funded services. The agency's services include child protection; foster care; adoptions; juvenile corrections and rehabilitation; and prevention and treatment of delinquency, child maltreatment, mental illness, and emotional disturbance. The department operates or arranges for services to children and youth through a continuum of care. This report includes a brief description of the functions of the Affirmative Action Office and of the department divisions, and a discussion of the continuum of care model for children's services. The major part of the report describes the five main goals of the department in the areas of: (1) comprehensive service system; (2) quality service system; (3) permanency; (4) preparation for adulthood; and (5) agency management. For each goal, objectives are listed which include past progress and a summary…

Culler, Katharyn; And Others (1986). University of California, Berkeley's Undergraduate Honors Program for Minority Mathematics and Science Students–The Math/Science Workshop Program. Final Report. The aim of the Math/Science Workshop Program was to improve the performance of the University of California (UC) Berkeley minority students in freshman- and sophomore-level mathematics and science courses, and thereby increase the number of such students who continue on to complete bachelor's degrees in "mathematics-based" fields. It is also intended to serve as a model affirmative action program for other institutions seeking to improve the performance and persistence of minority undergraduates in scientific and technical fields of study. This report contains an executive summary and: (1) project overview; (2) project purpose; (3) background and origins; (4) project description; (5) outcomes and impacts; and (6) summary and conclusions. Findings show that the project (which provided supplementary instruction, academic counseling, and other services) appeals to well-motivated, high achieving students. It sets high goals for them, teaches them to work both independently and… [PDF]

Rossmann, Jack E. (1979). Personnel Challenges. Issues in Postsecondary Education. Societal and educational pressures that are likely to affect postsecondary education personnel during the 1980's are discussed. These pressures include the declining number of 18- to 22-year-old students, changes in mandatory retirement policy, affirmative action, a continuing high rate of inflation, and uncertainty regarding taxpayer and donor support for postsecondary education. The strengths and weakness of several approaches to data collection are assessed using the following criteria: institutional burden, taxpayer cost, timeliness of data, and data quality. It is recommended that surveys like the Higher Education General Information Survey of postsecondary education personnel be continued and strengthened, with timely data reporting. A second approach to future data collection, longitudinal analysis of cohorts of faculty and nonfaculty personnel, is also proposed. These cohorts would be followed up on a 4-year cycle with the thrust of each survey varying somewhat from year to… [PDF]

Doering, Mildred (1979). Women's Issues in Management: Analysis of Curriculum Needs. Faculty Research Working Paper Series 79-23. The purpose of this study was to ascertain needs for and opinions about college business courses with reference to women's issues. Specific objectives were to assess college business students' perceptions of curriculum needs in the women's issue area, to identify methods for incorporating issue needs into the curriculum, and to examine how perceived needs were related to the sex and educational level of the respondents. The survey indicated certain issues that need to be covered in courses created for both sexes: management skills, personal development, occupational and affirmative action information, career planning, and stereotyping issues. The issues that were identified for integration into existing courses for both sexes were individual management skills and career management. Women identified a uniquely female curriculum need for issues surrounding achievement in a career path that is relatively new for them. Undergraduates revealed a need for inclusion of issues concerning…

Koltai, Leslie (1979). 1979 State of the District Address. The running of the Los Angeles Community College District incorporates two distinct kinds of functions: those of an educational nature and those that are corporate in scope. While the educational functions have been performed well, the future will demand even greater responsiveness to student needs. Issues to be faced in the future to insure that these educational functions are accomplished satisfactorily include the following: (1) each college must develop its own distinct identity; (2) growing numbers of foreign students will require that new programs and services be provided to meet their needs; (3) more emphasis must be placed on developing cooperation, rather than competition, between elements of public higher education; (4) commitment to affirmative action must remain a top priority; and (5) the 1979-80 academic year will require thoughtful preparation for re-negotiation of contracts. With regard to corporate functions, major accomplishments have been made in data processing…

Carrillo, Carmen (1979). Summary: Report to President's Commission on Mental Health from the Special Populations Subtask Panel; Mental Health of Hispanic Americans; Recommendations to the Commission. The issue of the delivery of mental health services to Hispanic Americans is discussed in this report to the President's Commission on Mental Health. Hispanics, who will be the largest minority group in the United States within the next 25 years, do not make use of sufficient existing health services. They have a need for alternative services which are adapted to their cultural heritage. Urban Hispanics are a high risk population with respect to mental illness, alcoholism, and drug abuse. Rural Hispanics and migrant workers have problems stemming from their isolation, their mobility, and the reluctance of traditional agencies to provide them with services. In addition to being served inadequately as patients, Hispanics are also underrepresented as professional workers in the mental health field. This condition persists despite the affirmative action efforts of recent years. In order to develop the human resources necessary for the delivery of culturally relevant mental health…

Taliaferro, Hugh (1977). Management Listens to Its Own Speech. Interest in the phenomenon of oral communication is rapidly growing in organizations which range in size from giant corporations to small companies. This discussion focuses on practices in and attitudes toward speech training in the advertising industry. Information was gleaned from interviews with the executives of the 25 largest advertising agencies in American–most of those questioned were directors of personnel. A majority of this group felt that the quality of speech and communication skills had deteriorated over the past ten years and cited reasons such as the failure of schools to provide adequate training, increased television viewing, and so on. Among the factors contributing to executives' heightened concern for communication competence were recession in business, the rise of consumerism, the establishment of Affirmative Action hiring programs, and the electronic future. A number of training programs were used: periodic classes over a period of time, in-depth… [PDF]

Brassie, Stan (1976). [Tenure–a Management Problem.]. Tenure saturation coupled with declining enrollments, abolishment of general university requirements, program diversity, and affirmative action programs make tenure an issue. These factors are representative of many facing university management today. Serious examination of the concept of tenure reveals that 85 percent of all colleges have tenure, one third of all colleges and universities have changed tenure rules in the last two years, two fifths of all colleges and universities are reviewing tenure, 82 percent of all administrators polled in 1972 opposed tenure in its present form, 14 percent favor abolition of tenure, and 86 percent favor changing it. Some suggestions for improving the situation are that universities (1) be more discriminating in accepting applications for tenure, (2) establish tenure quotas, (3) more carefully screen tenure applicants, (4) be more conservative in hiring procedures, and (5) have post-tenure reviews. In addition to these measures, a retraining…

Dearing, Bruce (1973). [Opening Address at the Conference on Women and the Management of Postsecondary Institutions.]. This document was presented as the opening address for the conference on Women and the Management of Postsecondary Institutions, and concerns the problem of discrimination against women educators. The author cites two main categories of discrimination, the attitudes that have become ingrained in our culture, and the commitment to amateurism in the selection and recruitment process for administrative positions. The existence of the \old boy\ system of recruitment makes it extremely difficult to break out of the pattern of amateurism and prejudice. The author recommends more programs like the University of Michigan has developed to prepare people for academic leadership positions, and declares that the idea of such training must become more widely accepted. He further suggests that large universities should internalize administrative training programs and recruit more women for internships. As solutions to the problem of affirmative action, the author offers the following: increase… [PDF]

(1999). Ten Public Policy Issues for Higher Education in 1999 and 2000. AGB Public Policy Paper Series, No. 99-1. Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges This paper is the fifth in a series of yearly efforts to identify the top 10 public policy issues facing higher education. Each of the issues is presented, first as a brief summary and then discussed in some depth; each also includes a list of information sources. The issues identified are: (1) teacher preparation and the K-12 relationship (the increasing role of higher education in improving K-12 instruction); (2) affordability vs. access (the increasing problem of access for less affluent students); (3) cost and price of higher education (increasing public concern about college costs); (4) implementation of recent federal legislation (implementation concerns of major 1998 legislation); (5) federal support for university research (both the level of funding and governing policies); (6) diversity in admissions (problems concerning affirmative action in admissions); (7) information technology and new competition (technology and for-profit higher education providers); (8) economic and…

(1999). Enrollment Trends at Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities, Fall 1990 to Fall 1997. This report provides enrollment trend information for public four-year colleges and universities for the period fall 1990 through fall 1997. Several trends are highlighted: during this period, total enrollment fell 0.5 percent to 5.77 million students; enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities rose 24.5 percent; white enrollment fell 10.8 percent. The number of men enrolled fell 7.2 percent, while the number of women enrolled fell 0.1 percent. Geographical analysis showed increased enrollment in the Southeast, Southwest, and Rocky Mountain states, and the sharpest decreases in enrollment in New England and the Plains states. Also discussed is the impact on enrollment of policy developments, demographic factors, enrollment patterns, affirmative action efforts at the national and state level, and key judicial decisions. Presentation of the data throughout the document is separated according to institutional membership in either the American Association of State Colleges and Universities… [PDF]

Drummond, Darl E. (1978). The Minority Recruitment Program for Wisconsin VTAE System. Final Report. This final report examines the progress of the Wisconsin Vocational, Technical and Adult Education (VTAE) program to recruit and employ minorities for existing and future teaching and administrative vacancies. Recruitment activities in the vocational studies center are outlined, along with activities of the program's advisory committee and state VTAE districts. A list of resource information and contact persons is given. A recruitment plan development is examined for September-December 1978 and a program timetable for all of 1978 is presented. Another section addresses the needs, goals, objectives, and the timetable projected for 1979. The present status of program efforts is evaluated and major need areas are identified. Program components such as application procedures, intern experience and teacher exchange are examined. Performance objectives within the vocational-technical districts and process objectives are listed. Also identified are the roles of vocational-technical…

Cameron, David M. (1996). Academic Freedom and the Canadian University. Research File, v1 n3 Mar. A discussion of the history and status of academic freedom in the context of Canadian universities finds that over time, academic freedom has been expanded to include a broad range of behavior and a wide range of freedom of speech. Tenure has come to mean the right of employment until death, resignation, or retirement, unless cause for dismissal can be established in a court of academic peers. While unionization and collective bargaining are not necessarily antithetical to academic freedom, full-blown unionization, collective bargaining, and the right to strike do stand in potential conflict with the principles of academic self-government upon which academic freedom rests. The concept of academic freedom needs to be re-examined because the balance between rights and responsibilities inherent in the idea is under stress, and academic freedom must be balanced with the commitment of faculty members to high standards of scholarship and productivity in teaching and research. Academic…

Bennett, William J. (1992). The De-Valuing of America. The Fight for Our Culture and Our Children. This book is the personal account of William Bennett who formerly served in the U.S. government as the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities, Secretary of Education, and Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. The volume suggests what is right and what is wrong with education in the United States; discusses the heroes, villains, and shirkers in the war against drugs; analyzes why race relations are bad and how they can be improved; why social and political institutions have deteriorated; how to combat \politically correct\ thinking on university campuses; and gives an assessment of the failures of modern liberalism. The book addresses difficulties Bennett confronted in office, ranging from government bureaucracy and political lobbies, to school administrators and academics, to the press and Congress. The book examines the role of religion in civic life, the importance of character and culture, and the contentious debate over affirmative action and…

(1991). Pathway to Diversity: Strategic Plan for the Cooperative Extension System's Emphasis on Diversity. Working Document. This document is the working draft of a guide to develop a strategic plan for emphasizing diversity in the Cooperative Extension System (CES). It begins with a foreword outlining the history of the movement toward increasing emphasis on diversity in the CES and an introduction stating the CES's commitment to emphasizing diversity. The next seven sections are as follows: a list of strategic goals; the rationale for emphasizing diversity; a comparison of Equal Employment Opportunity/Affirmative Action (EEO/AA) guidelines and the CES's emphasis on diversity; a description of steps being taken by the CES to become a multicultural organization; a mission statement; a list of CES values; and a discussion of the steps being taken to translate the CES's current vision of diversity into reality. The next section details the CES action plan for achieving the following goals: commitment to pluralism, environment for diversity and pluralism, work force diversity, audience and program diversity,… [PDF]

Byrne, Eileen M. (1993). Women and Science: The Snark Syndrome. A great deal of received wisdom in the area of the lack of ability of women in science is still based on assumption, belief, or prejudices operating at the level of superstition. The "Snark Syndrome," a term inspired by Lewis Carroll's famous nonsense poem. "The Hunting of the Snark" was coined by Eileen Byrne to describe these beliefs that have no credible base in sound empirical research. The application of the Snark Syndrome produces the Snark effect. Educators and policymakers have internalized assertions from hearing them repeated so many times. The internalized beliefs are used to justify and implement major policies such as single-sex schools and the use of role-model theory instead of mentorship practice in affirmative action programs. The chapters in this book are: (1) Introduction: Changing the Paradigms; (2) The UQ WISTA Research: A Holistic and Policy Approach; (3) Institutional Ecology and Women in Science: Why Women Are Where They Are and Aren't;…

Odom, Boyd D. (1984). "A Community of Believers": The Atlanta Partnership of Business and Education, Inc. Second Anniversary Report. Described are programs sponsored by the Atlanta, Georgia, community which has accepted the "community of believers" concept espoused by the Superintendent of Atlanta Public Schools. According to the concept, the community at large must believe that each student is capable of learning, our educational system can teach students, our economic future is dependent on the educational achievement of the masses, and every person in the total community has a vested interest in the public school system. The Atlanta Partnership of Business and Education, started in 1981, is Atlanta's greatest testimony to its confidence in the concept. An example of its many programs is the Adopt-A-School Program, which allows business firms, colleges, and religious organizations to adopt a school or program. The adoptor and adoptee agree on what they can do together and draw up a one-year contract. All activities are student-centered, e.g., the Affirmative Action Job Placement Program, student…

(1976). Toward the Maintenance of Quality Graduate Education in Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Representatives of 28 of the 33 predominantly black institutions met at the Working Conference-Meeting of Deans of Black Graduate Schools, held in Washington, D.C., April 28-30, 1975. This report presents highlights of their examination of these nine major questions: (1) During these times of integration, compliance, and affirmative action, why the emphasis on black graduate education? (2) What will be its role in providing new career opportunities for its potential clients? (3) Is the lack of financial aid a problem related to maintenance of quality education at black graduate schools? (4) What is unique and vital about black graduate schools? (5) Is community service a high priority at black graduate schools? (6) Are resources adequate? (7) Are the schools research-oriented? (8) How can we justify increasing manpower production in black graduate schools? (9) What projected estimates for graduate education at predominantly black colleges and universities can be made based on… [PDF]

Murray, Kathleen A. (1981). Legal Aspects of Child Care as an Employee Benefit. Revised Edition. This document reviews the legal propriety of offering child care to employees and addresses the post-1981 federal income tax consequences of a child care benefit. One issue at hand involves the legal mandate to promote equal opportunity in employment. However, not all employees have the need for child care, and legal questions have been raised regarding whether child care benefits can be offered to a select group of employees. Anti-discrimination laws are analyzed in terms of California state laws, Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and two executive orders which prohibit discrimination and require affirmative action. Distinctions in the laws protecting against discrimination are noted, as is the maximum flexibility granted employers in California to provide child care benefits. Various types of benefit programs are considered legal, and selective availability of child care is also permitted under the law. The income tax aspects of child care benefits are reviewed in terms of…

Lex, Louise; And Others (1980). Nontraditional Jobs and Training for Iowa Women. A Program Model and Final Report. The goal of the 1980 Employment Project in Iowa was to expand nontraditional career options for women and high school girls. The two targeted areas were Des Moines and the Iowa Lakes Region. Project staff sponsored three meetings to help 237 women explore nontraditional jobs and training opportunities. Two intensive orientations to nontraditional jobs classes were conducted for Comprehensive Employment and Training Act women. Job and training development for the two areas involved a job-fair and industry-agency workshop and job/training referral activities in the Des Moines area and a workshop on affirmative action in the Iowa Lakes region. Female craftspersons were brought into nine high schools to conduct simulation workshops, thus exposing high school girls to female role models in the building trades. Fifty women who completed three intensive orientations to nontraditional jobs classes were involved in a follow-up telephone survey. Data were collected on problems, successes, and…

Wills, J. Robert (1980). Women in Theatre Administration: A Dean's View. Statistics reveal that only 11% of the 1,500 theatre administrators on United States college campuses are women. On the other hand, recent surveys have indicated that few women are actively seeking administrative positions. The situation is unfortunate since campus theatres and institutions of higher education need highly qualified, capable leaders–regardless of sex. For women who are seeking an administrative role and for others who might be induced to change their career goals to encompass academic administration, six points of advice might be helpful: women (1) should not lock themselves into doing only what they are doing currently, no matter how much they enjoy doing it; (2) should build faculty credentials and be prepared to travel the traditional route of academic advancement; (3) should insist that their own institutions adhere to the principles of affirmative action; (4) should make connections if they plan to look for employment elsewhere; (5) should decide how mobile…

Nolte, M. Chester, Ed. (1974). Gender and Sexual Mores in Educational Employment. A Legal Memorandum. Discrimination against women in public employment may soon be coming to an end. Since 1972, when the Equal Opportunity Act was expanded to include public schools, the cause of women's rights has been gaining momentum. Today, although there are no quotas for women and men in education, many districts are under affirmative action mandates to move toward full equality of women with men. The recent cases cited here lead to the conclusion that any difference in treatment between male and female teachers will be regarded as discrimination and vigorously prosecuted by the courts. Such differences in the standards applied to the conduct of teachers outside the classroom have opened up other questions related to sexual behavior and sexual choice by educators. The old common-law rules permitted teachers to be held to high moral standards even in their out-of-school behavior on the theory that the teacher was a moral exemplar in the community. Recent decisions seem to indicate a departure from… [PDF]

Trotter, Andrew (2005). High Court Won't Hear Race Appeal. K-12 Schools Are Free to Try Diversity Plans. Education Week, v25 n15 p1-23 Dec. The U.S. Supreme Court declined an opportunity last week to rule on the constitutionality of a school district's policy of weighing race as a factor in assigning students to schools. It has sidestepped a potentially thorny sequel to its 2003 rulings on affirmative action in higher education and left several lower-court rulings as the best available road map for districts that want to promote racial diversity with minimal legal risks. The court on Dec. 5 refused to hear an appeal in Comfort v. Lynn School Committee (Case No. 05-348), a lawsuit involving a challenge by parents to a Massachusetts school district's voluntary integration program. It was the first of several chances the justices may have in their 2005-06 term to examine districts' voluntary consideration of race. Although it is not clear how many districts have adopted voluntary integration plans, some are in districts that have been released from court-ordered desegregation plans and have since adopted voluntary plans….

Reynolds, William Bradford (1983). The Reagan Administration's EEO Policy. The Reagan administration is committed to the principle of equal employment opportunity (EEO). No policy shift has occurred in the treatment of "class action" litigation, or in the "pattern or practice" suits in the Justice Department's Title VII enforcement activities. Significant money settlements have been obtained in "pattern and practice" cases on behalf of those victimized by discriminatory conduct. Statistical analyses continue to be used in determining liability, and from this it follows that the Reagan administration looks for discriminatory effects in the employment field no less than for discriminatory intent. The enforcement record over the past two-and-one-half years underscores the strength of the administration's commitment to equal employment opportunities. In every case the Justice Department insists that the prior discrimination be enjoined and that the employer engage in nondiscriminatory hiring and promotional practices in the… [PDF]

Cohen, Arthur M.; And Others (1975). Colleges Responses to Community Demands; The Community College in Challenging Times. This work, designed as a sequel to \A Constant Variable\ (Cohen and Associates, 1971), is intended for the same audience–administrators, trustees, counselors, and instructors in community colleges, university professors of higher education, and graduate students preparing for work in community colleges. The book describes the external and internal pressures operating on community colleges. The external pressures are societal forces such as state-level commission and coordinating councils that mandate institutional roles, financial structures, and curriculum and instructional patterns. The internal pressures are the preexisting institutional forms and the personal predelictions of the staff and students. Attention is focused on the intersection of these pressures, the points where external forces meet internal counterpressures. The book is arranged in three parts: (1) Social Forces Intrude (State Influence Grows; Collective Bargaining Impinges on Management; Free Tuition Faces Its…