(1957). MIRACLE OF SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT–DESEGREGATION IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C. SCHOOLS. FREEDOM PAMPHLET SERIES. THE BULK OF THIS PAMPHLET IS A RECOUNTING OF THE HISTORY OF THE DESEGREGATION OF THE WASHINGTON, D.C. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. MANY ANECDOTES ILLUSTRATE THE PROCESS OF COMMUNITY ADJUSTMENT. SPECIAL ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO DISCIPLINE, SOCIAL ACTIVITIES, ATHLETICS, AND INSERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE INTEGRATED SCHOOLS. THE MOST COMMON FEAR OF PARENTS WAS THAT INTEGRATION WOULD LOWER EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ALL CHILDREN. WHEN 1955 CITYWIDE ACHIEVEMENT TESTS WERE CONSIDERABLY BELOW NATIONAL STANDARDS, ORGANIZED COMMUNITY PARENTS DECIDED TO WORK ON THE PROBLEM BY DEMANDING BETTER FISCAL SUPPORT FOR MORE TEACHERS TO REDUCE CLASS SIZE AND TO SET UP SPECIAL CLASSES FOR THE RETARDED. AT THE TIME OF THE PUBLICATION OF THIS PAMPHLET, A BROAD SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM HAD BEEN DEVELOPED, AND ALREADY COMPLETED CURRICULUM REORGANIZATION HAD RESULTED IN INCREASED HOMOGENEOUS GROUPING AT ALL LEVELS. A SKILLS PROGRAM HAD BEEN RE-EMPHASIZED AND PROMOTIONAL PRACTICES HAD BEEN RE-EXAMINED. EMPHASIS ON… [PDF]
(1966). EDUCATION IN METROPOLITAN AREAS. THIS BOOK DISCUSSES THE EFFECT OF METROPOLITANISM ON EDUCATION. METROPOLITANISM IS VIEWED BOTH AS A SET OF \EVENTS\ AND AS A SET OF \GOALS\ OR \TASKS\ WHICH CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY SHOULD ACHIEVE. ONE PART OF THE BOOK DISCUSSES THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND GROWTH OF METROPOLITAN AREAS AND THE OPERATION OF METROPOLITAN SCHOOL SYSTEMS. SUCH ISSUES AS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, RACIAL STRATIFICATION, MOBILITY, URBANIZATION, CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBURBS, SCHOOL SEGREGATION, AND VARIOUS KINDS OF SCHOOLS AND TYPES OF EDUCATION ARE DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION. ANOTHER SECTION IS DEVOTED TO CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL CHANGES IN WHICH URBAN RENEWAL AND THE NEGRO SOCIAL REVOLUTION ARE PARTICULARLY SIGNIFICANT. BECAUSE THESE SOCIAL CHANGES PRESENT A SPECIAL CHALLENGE TO TEACHERS, ONE CHAPTER IN THIS SECTION DEALS WITH THE SOCIAL ORIGINS, ATTITUDES, PREPARATION, AND MINORITY-GROUP STATUS OF TEACHERS IN BIG CITY SCHOOLS. THE FINAL CHAPTER OF THE BOOK DISCUSSES THE SCHOOL SYSTEM AS A FUNCTIONAL SOCIAL SYSTEM IN THE…
(1980). A Child Welfare Perspective on Children's Versus Parent's Rights in Incestuous Families. The act of intervention into family life creates a conflict between the rights of the sexually abused child and the integrity of the family. From the child-welfare perspective, the conflict consists primarily in the ambiguity of child-welfare values which on the one hand support the sanctity of the family and on the other recognize the child's right to be free from abuse and neglect. Child-welfare professionals have not fully addressed this conflict, which is as significant as the legal conflict between children's and parents' rights. Resolution of this conflict implies support for the child's right to a family that provides the necessary care, nurturance, and socialization. Such a family would by definition be free of exploitive and coercive acts such as sexual abuse. The professional must, therefore, confront the question, "Is sexual abuse of children by parents to be tolerated?" A decision that such behavior is not to be permitted should not alter the view that state…
(1979). The Minority Woman in America: Professionalism at What Cost. Proceedings of a Conference at the University of California (San Francisco, March 16-18, 1979). Proceedings from a conference on minority women in the health sciences are compiled. The conference participants included social scientists, nurses, health educators, physicians, and academic administrators representing institutions and programs throughout the United States. The role of minority women as health care providers was addressed as well as the problems and concerns of minority professional women. The goals of the conference included: assessment of the current state of research and knowledge about professional minority women's experiences, identification of areas for further research, compiling of recommendations, and creating an atmosphere where minority women and men professionals could meet and discuss one another's work and exchange ideas. The following papers are included: \Making Ourselves Visible: Evolution of Career Status and Self-Image of Minority Professional Women\ (Sharon Collins); \The Nature of Professional Training for Minority Women: An Overview\ (Vicki…
(1979). Tennessee Higher Education Commission Staff Study. Re: House Resolution No. 107. The Tennessee Higher Education Commission conducted a study of the salaries of teaching staff and faculty in response to Tennessee House Resolution 107 on sexual discrimination. This study is the first known statewide effort to determine academic salaries. A multiple regression analysis model was used. Among the general findings were that: (1) many institutions indicated that sex was not a statistically significant factor in salary determination; (2) there is considerable variation among campuses on procedures for salary review; and (3) women faculty members are concentrated in the lower paying disciplines (education, home economics, nursing, social sciences, humanities, and fine arts). General recommendations included in part, that each campus should develop systematic methods for annual review of salaries to determine if sex is a discriminatory factor, that women should be encouraged to seek doctoral degrees to enhance their chances of promotion and higher salaries, and that…
(1967). A STATISTICAL SUMMARY, STATE BY STATE, OF SCHOOL SEGREGATION-DESEGREGATION IN THE SOUTHERN AND BORDER AREA FROM 1945 TO THE PRESENT. 16TH REVISION. THE FOLLOWING DATA ARE GIVEN IN THIS REPORT TO INDICATE THE STATUS OF DESEGREGATION IN EACH OF THE SOUTHERN AND BORDER STATES–(1) RATE OF DESEGREGATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS (ARRANGED BY SCHOOL DISTRICT), PUBLIC COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS, (2) STATUS OF FACULTY DESEGREGATION, AND (3) NUMBER OF "OTHER" ETHNIC GROUP STUDENTS IN THE SCHOOLS. ALSO INCLUDED ARE DESEGREGATION STATISTICS ON THE SOUTH AS A WHOLE, A DESCRIPTION OF THE STATUS OF DESEGREGATION SINCE 1954, AND A STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1954. (EF)… [PDF]
(1968). A DIVISIVE ISSUE, FREEDOM OF CHOICE. PRESENTED ARE TWO SEPARATE ARTICLES, ONE CRITICIZING AND THE OTHER DEFENDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FREEDOM OF CHOICE SCHOOL DESEGREGATION PLAN IN THE SOUTH. ACCORDING TO THIS PLAN, PUPILS (OR THEIR PARENTS) MAY CHOOSE THE SCHOOLS THEY WISH TO ATTEND WITHIN A GIVEN DISTRICT. IN THE ARTICLE AGAINST THE PLAN, IT IS ARGUED THAT PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL RESTRAINTS MAKE THE SOUTHERN NEGRO'S "FREEDOM" THE FREEDOM TO RISK SOCIAL ISOLATION AND ACADEMIC FAILURE AND THE FREEDOM TO BE DENIED EDUCATIONAL EQUALITY. IT IS FURTHER ARGUED THAT THIS METHOD, WHILE GIVING TOKEN COMPLIANCE WITH THE DESEGREGATION ORDER, ACTUALLY PRESERVES THE STATUS QUO AND ENCOURAGES RESEGREGATION. THE SECOND ARTICLE SUGGESTS THAT A FREEDOM OF CHOICE PLAN NEEDS TIME TO OPERATE EFFECTIVELY, BUT WILL RESULT IN TOTALLY INTEGRATED SCHOOLS. IT IS FELT THAT THE OBLIGATION OF THE SCHOOL SYSTEM IS TO ALLOW A FREE CHOICE TO BE MADE BY ALL, AND THAT THE INTRODUCTION OF A QUOTA PLAN WOULD DENY THE NEGRO HIS DEMOCRATIC… [PDF]
(1965). Space for the Mentally Retarded in South Dakota. Final Report. The 10 priority recommendations for aiding the mentally retarded in South Dakota are presented. Summaries are provided of recommendations for federal and state legislative action and for state agencies, communities, state medical and hospital associations, and private organizations. The State and the method of planning are discussed; mental retardation is defined; and an administrative report is given. Committee reports are included on the following: public health and prenatal care; private medical practice; early diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation; family counseling and assistance; day care; education and training; vocational rehabilitation, occupation, and employment; social development, recreation, and religion; guardianship, and legal protection and processes; geriatrics; dependent living; public and professional information; research and statistics; personnel and manpower; and prevention. The appendix contains a copy of the county questionnaire, a glossary, and lists of the… [PDF]
(1976). Affirmative Action Plan of the New Jersey State Department of Education. This booklet outlines the New Jersey State Department of Education's affirmative action plan to achieve equal opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment in the State Department of Education. The plan calls for compliance with federal and state legislation regulating employment practices and requiring fairness and equity in hiring, promotion, demotion, transfer, recruitment, termination, pay rates, benefits, and selection for training or academic leave. Under the plan, the commissioner of education is responsible for guaranteeing affirmative action compliance within not only the state department, but in all other educational agencies receiving resources from the state, including local school districts. The plan provides for state department personnel, including an affirmative action officer, coordinator, and advisory committee, to oversee its implementation. (Author/DS)…
(1976). Emerging Trends in Court Rulings Affecting Daily Operations of the Schools. Traditionally, the public schools have been primarily within the domain of local administrators; however, over the past two decades, the courts have become involved more and more in decisions that affect daily operational procedures of the schools. The purpose of this paper is to examine current issues in educational law, including suspension, corporal punishment, search and seizure, teacher rights, school desegregation, and homosexual rights. The analysis is directed to a close examination of individual versus corporate rights in order to establish a \tone\ of how the courts have been ruling. This examination allows some predictions to be made about future court actions. Relevant dissenting opinions are noted in the process of establishing the tone. Representative cases have been carefully selected from each area considered. It is not the writer's intent to give indepth coverage of any one topic but, rather, to provide insight based on a comprehensive view. (Author/IRT)…
(1974). Education for Whom? The Question of Equal Educational Opportunity. Basic research findings, concepts, ideas, and insights are explored in considering what is believed to be an old yet still crucial issue today–equality of educational opportunities. This document is said to serve seven purposes; introduction to the issue, analysis and illustration of major elements in the issue, illumination of the major role played by courts, clarification of the emerging and increasingly favored interpretation of the issue among social scientists, illustration of the ways in which concerned citizens and professionals believe that equal educational opportunity can occur, and identification of arenas in which certain interpretations of the issue might raise new educational issues. Each chapter is said to serve a particular function within a four-sided analytical framework. The functions are that of description, illustration, analysis, and projection. Chapters deal with: a description of the educational opportunity conflict, desegregation, and school finance;…
(1973). Fair Procedures. These materials are part of the Project Benchmark series designed to teach secondary students about our legal concepts and systems. This unit focuses on individual rights and fair procedures under the law. The materials outline the Bill of Rights, due process guarantees, the right to a fair hearing, fair and unfair trials, search and seizure laws, exceptions to the lawful arrest procedure, the necessity for a search warrant, and equal protection guarantees. A case fact sheet, role sheets, case procedures, complaint information, and jury instruction sheet for a mock trial which illustrates these legal concepts are provided. (DE)… [PDF]
(1970). Maintaining Campus Order and Integrity. AASCU Studies 1970/4. To prepare for the possibility of further campus unrest and disorders, the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) held a series of regional seminars in the summer of 1970. About 70 presidents and other administrators attended each of the seminars. Their major concern was not the repression of student dissent but finding ways of dealing with disorders so as to protect students' rights and lives and yet satisfy the need for order on the campuses. All seminar discussions were based on the premise that the maintenance of order is an essential obligation of the administration of colleges and universities. The participants discussed ways of preventing disorders before they occur and it was agreed that the most important step is student involvement in decisionmaking. Some specific suggestions included the creation of the office of ombudsman and improving internal communication with such measures as an administration newspaper. Discussion was also concerned with… [PDF]
(1975). Notice of Charge of Employment Discrimination–Prelude to Fact Finding or Witch Hunt?. Recent legislation has required affirmative action in the hiring practices of educational institutions. In order to ascertain the effects of equal employment laws on community college administration in California, a questionnaire was prepared and sent to 98 California community college districts; it requested administrators to provide information regarding their personal experiences with Notices of Charge of Employment Discrimination. Of the 74 college districts responding, 28 (37.8 percent) had received such notices; the majority were charges of sex discrimination. Written comments added to the questionnaires indicate the administrators' dissatisfaction with the procedures; they claim that they are assumed guilty until proven innocent, that the paperwork involved in defense is monumental, and that the length of litigation is extensive. According to the author, the federal and state "Guidelines" and "Regulations" were written to direct employers who hire workers… [PDF]
(1974). Racial Negotiations: Potentials and Limitations. The research focused on two questions: (1) Can blacks use the negotiating process to overcome white resistance to institutional change? How much and what kinds of change can be achieved by their use of the negotiating process? In this approach, can they take advantage of pressures for change that exist either inside or outside the institution? (2) Can whites, operating within white-controlled institutions, use the negotiating process to reach an accommodation with specialized black interests and build these interests into institutional functioning? How can such changes affect the general objective of these various institutions? The total project included some 16 different case studies, each compiled by both a black and white scholar who interviewed the principal participants in a recent racial confrontation in which the experimental negotiations procedure was used. Each report sought to describe the relevant events, set them in a larger context, and search for explanations of the…