(1991). A Perspective on the Continuing Struggle for Equity. This publication contains a speech on the continuing struggle for equity in education for African Americans presented to the Southern Education Foundation (SEF) by Jean Fairfax when she received the John A. Griffin Award for Advancing Equity in Education. In the speech, Fairfax addressed disagreements within the black community over educational issues that have accelerated in scope, intensity, and anger since the 1960s. Covered are disagreements over integration implementation methods, the Atlanta (Georgia) school court case, the "Adams v. Richardson" suit of 1970; and the impact of the suit on traditionally black public colleges. In particular, the Adams experience is described as a possible model for confronting issues in the future as it was a conflict around which pragmatic, workable consensus developed. The future demographic diversity of the United States is described, and consequent educational issues are predicted, including multiculturalism, conflict among…
(1990). Justice and School Systems: The Role of the Courts in Education Litigation. The effectiveness and deficiencies of judicial intervention in solving the problems of discrimination in the nation's schools are examined in this book. Case studies, surveys, and interviews with lawyers and judges involved in the leading cases are presented in nine chapters by nine contributors, each of whom is a recognized authority in educational or constitutional law, the judiciary, or other pertinent field. Unresolved critical issues of educational litigation of the last decade–racial desegregation, inclusion of bilingual education, education of the disabled, and sex discrimination–are addressed. Court solutions, outcomes, and factors involved are also analyzed. Part 1 consists of an overview of judicial activism in education litigation by Howard I. Kolodner, and part 2 consists of two chapters by Michael A. Rebell examining educational opportunities for children with handicaps. Focus is on special education reforms in New York City and Boston, respectively. Equal educational…
(1988). Censorship and Selection: Issues and Answers for Schools. Censorship is the removal, suppression, or restricted circulation of literary, artistic, or educational material–of images, ideas, and information–on the grounds that these are morally or otherwise objectionable in the light of standards applied by the censor. Few in our society advocate the banning of all but a tiny handful of materials from sale, circulation, or display to adults; however, the commitment to free expression is not so clear where minors are concerned, and the picture becomes more clouded still when the issue of schooling enters. The purpose of education is not only to communicate factual information, but to develop in the young the ability to discriminate and choose. This, of necessity, involves some selective transmission of values. As a resource providing educators and citizens with essential information to help them deal effectively with censorship challenges and academic freedom, this document covers: (1) censorship in the schools; (2) areas of conflict; (3)…
(1989). Housing for the Physically Disabled: A Commentary, Resource Guide and Selected Bibliography. Prepared for the Coalition of Active Disabled of Chester County, Inc. This document on housing for the physically disabled contains four parts: a commentary; a list of bibliographical references for the commentary; a resource guide; and a selected bibliography of government publications. The commentary portion discusses the psychological, social, and physical problems which physical disability presents to the individual; describes the effect of affordable, accessible housing on that individuals' well-being; and describes relevant federal and state (Pennsylvania) legislation from 1954 to 1988 with emphasis on the Fair Housing Act of 1988. In addition, reasons for lack of effectiveness of earlier legislation, such as lack of protection against discrimination, are summarizes; an illustrated description of adaptations to wheelchair living designed into a model home by the South Carolina Vocational Department is provided; and the concepts of universal design, adaptable housing, design for the life span, and alternative living arrangements are explained….
(1984). Contribution to the Appraisal of the United Nations Decade for Women and to the Design of Strategies for the Future. Prepared to support the efforts of a series of international conferences on the economic and social status of women, this report focuses on Latin American and Caribbean issues and reviews conference directives and goals. Calling attention to the difficulties relating to the evaluation of the status of women, the report mentions the political and social changes which have occurred in the region and which make the situation more complicated. The indicators that are available concerning achievements made by women during the past decades are reviewed. The report discusses the main obstacles to the integration of women, reviews some aspects of planning and social policies, and makes some remarks on the future, including the possible updating of the Regional Plan of Action on the Integration of Women into the Economic and Social Development of Latin America and the Caribbean. (SY)…
(1982). Women: Know Your Rights. Revised Edition. The booklet furnishes general information to the women of Maryland about the Equal Rights Amendment of the Maryland Constitution. One hundred and three questions and answers concerning women's rights are organized into four topics: (1) employment, including employment rights, labor laws, workmen's compensation, unemployment insurance, pregnancy disabilities, and social security; (2) marriage and divorce, including property rights, and transmission of property upon death; (3) finances, including credit, consumer laws, and housing; and (4) health, including health services and medicare/medicaid. Additional information sources are listed under the headings of discrimination, employment, legal matters, credit, consumer protection, family matters, health, and housing. (TRS)…
(1988). End of an Era? The Decline of Student Press Rights in the Wake of the Kuhlmeier Decision. A student's right to freedom of expression was well-protected by twenty years of legal history until the United States Supreme Court in its 1988 decision Hazelwood School District, et al. v. Kuhlmeier, et al. sharply limited this right by approving a school district's censorship of a high school newspaper. Prior to the Kuhlmeier decision courts often used the "public forum" doctrine to uphold freedom of speech or expression. No censorship of expression occurring in a public forum is allowed. School publications were held to be public forums, and absent a showing of "material and substantial interference with school work or discipline" schools could not restrain the full First Amendment rights of their students. The Kuhlmeier decision held that the school newspaper was not a public forum because the school exerted control over it, and therefore the school's actions were justified as long as they were "reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical…
(1987). Testing the Handicapped: Legislation, Regulations and Litigation. The widespread use of testing to make critical individual decisions concerning education or employment opportunities, coupled with growing vigilance by the handicapped community, may mean increased legal scrutiny regarding this type of testing. The measurement community is also aware of difficult, perhaps unresolvable psychometric problems associated with testing handicapped persons. The past decade has seen new federal and state statutes designed to ensure handicapped persons' free and equal access to education, employment, and public services and to afford legal sanctions against inappropriate discrimination. This paper reviews legal issues concerning the testing of handicapped students and employees in schools and colleges. Part I summarizes the major specialized sources of applicable statutory and administrative law, focusing on two federal laws: (1) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which provides a wide definition of handicap and includes numerous testing… [PDF]
(1987). Fostering Minority Access and Achievement in Higher Education: The Role of Urban Community Colleges and Universities. Two overlapping nationwide studies, one funded by the Ford Foundation and the other by the U.S. Department of Education, provide information covering policies, procedures, and practices that enhance or impede the academic success of minority students in universities and community colleges. Topics include understanding the problem of minority underrepresentation in today's higher education; barriers to cooperation between universities and community colleges; the urban community college's role in educating minorities; effecting the transition to urban universities; the states' role in improving minority education; what community college students expect from higher education; how transfer students evaluate their educational experiences; improving transfer programs and practices; assessing the urban educational pipeline; and helping minorities achieve degrees (recommendations for community colleges, universities, and state boards). Appended is a seven-page questionnaire on transferring…
(1988). Fundamentals of U.S. Foreign Policy. Public Information Series. Designed to explore the interests and objectives of U.S. foreign policy, this book addresses: (1) national security and arms control; (2) economic programs and trends; (3) human rights efforts; (4) science and technological developments; (5) relationships with various world regions; and (6) the need for an adequate foreign affairs budget. Chapter 1, "The Interests and Objectives of American Foreign Policy" considers the Reagan administration's role as a global force for prosperity, security, and democratic change. Chapter 2, "National Security and Arms Reduction," focuses on efforts at preserving a peaceful and stable world environment. U.S. efforts in promoting human rights, counterterrorism, narcotics' eradication, and refugee relief are described in chapter 3, "The Human Dimension." Chapter 4, "The Economic Dimension," discusses efforts to achieve a strong and prosperous U.S. economy. Specific environmental concerns are considered in… [PDF]
(1984). Human Rights Review Manual: Behavioral Treatment and Review System. Human rights review is a process by which agencies assure that an intrusive behavioral program is appropriate in a given case. Methods are described for local education agencies to accomplish human rights review of proposed and ongoing intrusive behavioral treatment with students who have severe behavior problems. One approach to human rights review is to utilize the existing Individual Education Plan (IEP) process as much as possible, as the IEP is already in place in special education settings and some of its components address human rights concerns. It is recommended that education agencies develop a Human Rights Committee to ensure due process and to safeguard the rights of students and educators. IEP teams and Human Rights Committees should use the least restrictive alternative as a guiding principle and should distinguish between intrusiveness and restrictiveness. The "Human Rights Review Case Presentation Form," which should be completed for documentation of each…
(1982). Counseling Perspectives on Sexual Harassment in Industry. This report focuses on the problem of sexual harassment in industry. Prior research documenting such harassment is cited, and the ability of the counseling profession to address the issue is discussed. Results of the authors' survey of salaried women (N=85) from a large industrial firm are reported; the demographic data and information on sexual harassment indicate that 46% of the women surveyed experienced sexual harassment while working. Results of a survey conducted by the Women's Issues Advisory Committee which confirm these findings are also reported. The need for change in the workplace, based on such data, is discussed. The legal response to sexual harassment is outlined, including the guidelines of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Issues which have yet to be clarified by the courts are explored, including the right to sue because of sexual coercion, and the rights and circumstances involved in filing a Title VII claim. The varying roles of counselors in…
(1988). Self-Determination. Transition Summary, n5. This issue of \Transition Summary\ contains articles about self-determination and becoming a good self-advocate, with each article reflecting the experience of someone who has grown up with a disability. \The Many Facets of Self-Determination\ (Michael Ward) discusses the concept of self-determination; offers an historical perspective of the disability rights movement; and outlines the parents' role during the critical stage for self-determination, adolescence. \Who Chooses?\ (Bill Mitchell) discusses the need for young people with disabilities to be involved in making decisions that affect their lives, and describes three barriers that restrict their opportunities to learn decision-making: overprotection, low expectations, and lack of stable support systems. \Self-Determination and Normalization among Adolescents: The Family as a Crucible of Values\ (Rita Varela) outlines the role of the family in teaching values, the roadblocks facing disabled youth, and the strategies families… [PDF]
(1987). Hearing on Discrimination against Cancer Victims and the Handicapped. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session. This hearing was held to receive testimony on private-sector employment discrimination against individuals with cancer and individuals with handicaps. The testimony related to two bills: H.R. 1546, to prohibit discrimination against cancer patients, and H.R. 192, to prohibit employment discrimination against individuals with a disability or a perceived disability. The hearing transcript contains the oral statements, prepared written statements, letters, and supplemental materials from: (1) Mario Biaggi and John Moakley, Representatives in Congress; (2) representatives from private organizations, including National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship, Metropolitan Washington Area Candlelighters, and CANCERVIVE; (3) representatives from colleges, including Gallaudet University and the Training and Research Institute for Adults with Disabilities at Boston College; (4) government agencies, including the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination and the Niles Township Sheltered… [PDF]
(1988). Title IX: A Practical Guide to Achieving Sex Equity in Education. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is the principal federal law which prohibits sex discriminaton in education. This monograph sets forth the extent of Title IX's coverage by subject area, describes the obligations of covered institutions, and explains how victims of discrimination can enforce their Title IX right. While dealing with legal issues, the discussion is not designed to be a technical, legal one. Subjects covered include: (1) sex discrimination in admissions to educational institutions; (2) discrimination on the basis of pregnancy and marital status; (3) employment discrimination; (4) Title IX and sports; (5) sexual harassment in educational institutions; (6) student services; (7) Title IX in vocational education; (8) Title IX enforcement; and (9) affirmative action. (JD)… [PDF]