(2005). Racial Equality in Education: How Far Has South Africa Come? Working Papers Series. SAN05-03. Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy A major task of South Africa's new government in 1994 was to promote racial equity in the state education system. This paper evaluates progress toward this goal using three distinct concepts: equal treatment, equal educational opportunity, and educational adequacy. The authors find that the country has succeeded in establishing racial equity defined as equal treatment, primarily through race-blind policies for allocating state funds for schools. Progress measured by the other two criteria, however, has been constrained by the legacy of apartheid, including poor facilities and lack of human capacity in schools serving black students, and by policies such as school fees. The paper concludes with some thoughts on the future outlook. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.) [This paper was prepared for the special issue of "International Journal of Educational Development (IJED)" on "Education Policy and Practice in Post-Apartheid South Africa–Ten Years of Democratic… [PDF]
(2005). "From Houses of Refuge to 'Youth Corrections': Same Story, Different Day". Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice Over 180 years ago the first of a long line of prisons specifically designed for young offenders was created in New York City. Called the New York House of Refuge, its creators called it a "school." The State Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, in its famous decision in "Ex Parte Crouse," stated that the aims of the house of refuge were to reform the youngsters within them "by training . . . [them] to industry; by imbuing their minds with the principles of morality and religion; by furnishing them with means to earn a living; and above all, by separating them from the corrupting influences of improper associates." Subsequent investigations have found that there was an enormous amount of abuse within these institutions and failed to provide any semblance of reform. The closures of these prisons came after numerous scandals. The abuses continued within the institutions that followed (e.g., "training schools" and "detention centers"), so that… [PDF]
(2001). Equity Issues in the Assessment of Individuals with Visual or Hearing Impairments. Legislation such as the Americans with Disabilities Act mandates testing accommodations in order to ensure that examinations accurately reflect the abilities of a person. This document describes different types of testing for hearing impaired and visually impaired. Individualized testing accommodations such as changes to the test directions, administration procedures, or test contents; audio taped examinations; and the use of interpreters are explained. Issues regarding whether or not modified tests are equivalent to standard tests are presented with a focus on the low reading levels of most people with hearing impairment. Legal issues are explained such as inclusion of students with disabilities in national testing programs and voluntary disclosure of a disability. Testing professionals have the responsibility to become informed about disabilities and to correct any misconceptions they hold about the capabilities of individuals with disabilities. (Contains 19 references.) (JDM)… [PDF]
(2001). Understanding Children's Rights: Collected Papers Presented at the International Interdisciplinary Course on Children's Rights (5th, Ghent, Belgium, December 8-15, 2000). Ghent Papers on Children's Rights No. 6. Papers compiled in this sixth annual conference collection deal with views and theories on children's rights and provide extensive information on background, motivation, strategies, and main trends in the field of children's rights. Following the welcome addresses to the conference, the 43 papers cover a variety of relevant topics, including: (1) implementation of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child; (2) childhood development and competence; (3) human rights education; (4) views of childhood from various disciplines; (5) children's participation; (6) nongovernmental organizations; (7) UNICEF and children's rights; (8) economic issues and children's rights; (9) child labor; (10) children's rights in Europe; (11) children's rights in Africa; (12) protection and care of refugee children; (13) human rights monitoring; (14) international law related to children; and (15) UNESCO and children's rights. Most of the papers contain references. (KB)…
(1994). Employing and Accommodating Individuals with Histories of Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act Series. One of a series of bulletins on implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), this bulletin discusses protections for individuals with histories of alcohol and drug abuse. The material explains: (1) the ADA prohibits employment discrimination of individuals with past drug and alcohol problems and those who currently have alcohol problems who are able to perform their job; (2) the exclusion of protection of any employee or applicant who is currently engaged in the illegal use of drugs; (3) the protection of individuals who are participating in a supervised drug rehabilitation program or who have completed a treatment program, and are no longer using drugs; (4) the protection of individuals who are erroneously perceived as abusing drugs illegally; (5) the definition of"current" illegal drug use; (6) types of medical tests or inquiries that are permitted to determine a drug or alcohol problem; (7) steps employers can take to ensure that an individual is no longer…
(1994). Working Effectively with Persons Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act Series. This brief paper summarizes requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 related to persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. The following topics are addressed: what is meant by "hard of hearing" and deafness; the effect of hearing loss on communication at work; types of jobs that people who are deaf or hard of hearing have; accommodations for the individual who is deaf or hard of hearing during the employee selection process (such as allowing help with completing the written application and using a sign language interpreter during the job interview); enhancing productivity on the job; and on-the-job accommodations to enhance communication in face-to-face, interactive distance communication, group situations, and performance evaluations. Examples of such accommodations include using assistive listening devices, ensuring availability of Text Telephones, and using captioned video training materials. A listing of 12 resources is provided. (DB)… [PDF]
(1995). Cultural Diversity and the ADA. Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act. One of a series of guides on implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), this guide focuses on cultural diversity and the ADA. First, the major components of the ADA are summarized. This is followed by discussion of employer considerations in addressing cultural diversity issues and implications of the ADA, such as diversity initiatives led and supported by management, development of training programs which focus on communication skills and compliance with the ADA, writing of job descriptions that identify essential job functions, and non-discriminatory performance appraisals. The meaning of "reasonable accommodation" is addressed, noting criteria for whether such an accommodation would create an "undue hardship" for the employer. The guide ends with some suggested implementation strategies to heighten awareness of ADA through cultural diversity initiatives in business and industry. These include affirmative action initiatives to actively recruit… [PDF]
(1996). The Bloomington-Normal Black History Project: Desegregating the Schools. Expanded Lesson Plan. This paper presents an expanded lesson plan for "The Bloomington-Normal Black History Project." This is a revised and expanded version of one of the six items that constituted the earlier work. The objectives are to analyze a primary source document, recognize the importance of individuals who made a difference in community history, and understand the significance of the past in shaping present attitudes. The paper presents a synopsis of the James A. Chase et al. v. David Stephenson et al. (1874) case addressing desegregation in the schools. Also addressed are community values and social institutions, as well as conflict resolution of human rights issues. Copies of newspaper articles related to the case and documents pertaining to the court ruling are a part of the lesson plan. (EH)… [PDF]
(1997). Advising Students with Disabilities. Monograph Series. This monograph addresses issues confronted by the college or university academic adviser working with students who have disabilities. Included are 12 author contributed chapters: (1) \Advising Students with Disabilities–Is There a Difference?\ (Manual \Buddy\ Ramos); (2) \The 504/ADA as a Philosophical Basis for Advising Students\ (Edward L. Franklin); (3) \Advising Students with Disabilities–Separate but Equal?\ (Eileen A. O'Brien and Patricia Wright-Tatum); (4) \A Systematic Approach: Policies and Procedures for Providing Learning Disability Accommodations\ (Pamela Isacco Niesslein and Bobbie D. Linstrom); (5) \The Faculty Member's Role in Advising Students with Disabilities\ (Caron Mellblom and Garry Hart); (6) \Career Counseling for Students with Learning Disabilities\ (Laurie Finn); (7) \Advising Students with Learning Disabilities\ (Marianne Karwacki and others); (8) \Advising Students with Psychiatric Disabilities\ (Gail M. Zimmerman); (9) \Advising Students Who Are Deaf\…
(2000). Thoughts on "Reconsidering the Washington-Du Bois Debate: Two Black Colleges in 1910-1911" and Thoughts on "Liberalism at the Crossroads: Jimmy Carter, Joseph Califano, and Public College Desegregation.". These two papers offer critiques of two essays that appeared in "Essays in Twentieth-Century Southern Education: Exceptionalism and its Limits," edited by Wayne J. Urban. The first paper examines Linda Buchanan and Philo Hutcheson's interpretation of the debate which underscored the well-known conflict between Booker T. Washington-W.E.B. DuBois over the appropriate education for African Americans. Buchanan and Hutcheson put the Washington-Dubois debate in a framework that compares two former black colleges in Kentucky using the schools' 1910-1911 catalogs to examine control, cost, student life, and curriculum. This paper disputes the Buchanan-Hutcheson analysis by asking whether reality can manifests itself through one college catalog; whether it is historically accurate or dependable to examine reality as reflected through institutional documents; and whether there is any other way to portray intellectual life at these institutions. The second paper examines Wayne Urban's… [PDF]
(1999). The Future of Affirmative Action. Grade 11 Lesson. Schools of California Online Resources for Education (SCORE): Connecting California's Classrooms to the World. Executive Order 11873 was introduced in June 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson in a speech at Howard University. This order began the first of the federal government's affirmative action programs. Since that time, these programs have become a major topic among not only government officials at all levels of government but the general population of the United States. In this lesson plan, students represent particular interest groups before a Senate subcommittee charged to determine the future of federal affirmative action programs. Some of the groups represented will be the American Indian Movement, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, United Farm Workers, Christian Coalition, National Organization for Women, Eagle Forum, Republican Party, and Democratic Party. Noting that some of these groups will be in favor of affirmative action and some will be against it, the lesson states that each student's role will be to represent the position of the organization… [PDF]
(1983). Achieving Simple Justice: Identifying Discrimination in the Delivery of Social Services. Journal of Intergroup Relations, v11 n3 p3-22 Fall. Presents an approach through which social service agencies and community-based organizations can uncover Title VI violations in decision-making activities of policy and planning structures and in the decision making of supervisory staff and service providers. Discusses two categories of violations: disparity and exclusivity. (Author/GC)…
(1982). Use of Discriminatory Questions in Screening Interviews. Personnel Administrator, v27 n3 p41-44 Mar. Fifty-six college placement directors perceived that five percent of the on-campus job recruiters ask illegal questions concerning applicants' sex, age, national origin, race or color, handicaps, or religion. Forty percent of the student applicants are judged to be unaware of illegal questioning. (Author/MLF)…
(1981). The Territorial Dimension in Language Planning: An Evaluation of Its Potential in Contemporary Wales. Language Problems & Language Planning, v5 n1 p57-73 Spr. Examines the spatial basis of language planning for the Welsh-speaking regions of the United Kingdom and discusses the relationship between language planning and language rights. Conflict between rights of individuals and rights of groups and between rights of Welsh speakers and those of English speakers are also discussed. (Author/PJM)…
(1979). Neutrality in the Application of Strict Scrutiny: The Implications of Bakke. American Business Law Journal, v17 n2 p230-46 Sum. The use of strict scrutiny in compliance with antidiscrimination legislation, as in the Bakke case, represents a shift in constitutional law clearly related to social and political trends in the United States in the 1970's. Available from Wharton School, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19174. (MSE)…