(1978). Popular Participation and Representation in the Urban Environment: The School Desegregation Issue in Los Angeles. Most scholarly literature on school desegregation treats opposition to busing as racist, reactionary, or as springing from deeper conditions of alienation or anomie. From this viewpoint, anti-busing demonstrations are episodic, unorganized and not founded on any thoroughgoing comprehension of the immediate policy issue. Busing is merely the triggering event which releases the individual's anger at social injustice. A case study of opposition to busing in Los Angeles (surveying its leadership, members, activities, and organizational characteristics) challenges this description. The account of the anti-busing movement which views it in terms of the collective mass behavior outbursts hypothesized by mass society theories is found to be inappropriate. The reasons individuals join and participate in anti-busing organizations appear to be quite different from the "symbolically racist" characteristics which correlate with verbal opposition to busing in public opinion surveys….
(1976). Women's Rights Handbook. California Department of Justice Information Pamphlet No. 9. This booklet was prepared as a general summary of women's rights in areas such as employment, education, credit, health care, and domestic relations. Other topics dealt with in terms of women's rights include child bearing; business establishments; public assistance; insurance; rape, other crimes, and law enforcement; housing; and childcare. Each of the subjects is presented in a chapter that begins with a short summary of the most important points of California law on the subject. A more detailed description of the laws and women's rights follows. In addition, major agencies that enforce the laws discussed, legal offices in the major counties of California, and various women's rights organizations are listed. (Author/EB)…
(1979). A Handbook for Parents of Handicapped Children. Second Edition. The handbook details the rights of parents and children according to the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) and the California Master Plan for Special Education of 1977 (AB 1250). Under the heading "Rights and Responsibilities" are discussed such aspects as basic regulations according to P.L. 94-142, individuals with exceptional needs, the community advisory commmittee, parents' rights, children's rights, due process protection, the school appraisal team, school records, the concept of least restrictive environment, the educational assessment service, and private placement. Referral and due process procedures covered include fair hearing procedures, individual education programs (IEPs), step by step procedures for parents, and placement. A separate section is devoted to special help for parents and covers such topics as preparing for the IEP meeting, giving consent to the final IEP, following the child's program, and special pointers and answers…
(1963). SEMINAR ON SCHOOL CURRICULA FOR INSTRUCTION IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS. TO DETERMINE A COMPREHENSIVE AND CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE AS A BASIS FOR AN IMPROVED CURRICULUM IN STUDYING THE BILL OF RIGHTS, A SEMINAR OF LEADING SCHOLARS WAS CONVENED. PRIOR TO THE SEMINAR, POSITION PAPERS WERE SUBMITTED BY THE HISTORIANS, LAW PROFESSORS, AND EDUCATORS WHO PARTICIPATED. IN TRYING TO PROVIDE A MORE COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING FOR STUDENTS THE CONCEPTS OF LIBERTY, EQUALITY, AND JUSTICE PARTICIPANTS AGREED THAT PRESENTATION BY CASE STUDY WOULD BE THE MOST EFFECTIVE INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD AND THAT STUDENTS SHOULD BE PRESENTED WITH VITAL AND CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE BILL OF RIGHTS. FURTHER SEMINARS WERE RECOMMENDED TO CONSIDER THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTUAL MATERIALS FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS. (PM)…
(1980). Promoting Sex Equity in the Classroom. Module 2, Sex Equity Guidelines. Revised, 1980. This second in a series of twelve modules presents sex equity guidelines for use in evaluating vocational and technical education print and non-print instructional media. The guidelines are separated into three categories: art, language, and content. The specific guidelines included within each category are illustrated using examples from various vocational education disciplines. A companion sex equity guidelines check sheet is designed to facilitate media evaluation. (LRA)…
(1976). Employment Opportunity in the Schools; Job Patterns of Minorities and Women in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1974. Research Report No. 51. This report summarizes, through narrative and statistical tables, data collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in its 1974 elementary and secondary staff information survey. Statistics from approximately 6,900 school systems responding to the survey were the basis for the national employment estimates in this report. Statistical tables summarize various levels of the data for the nation and for 49 of the 50 states. Because of the different race/ethnic make-up of its population, school systems in the state of Hawaii were surveyed in a unique way, and the results are incompatible with the data in this volume. Also excluded are data for the District of Columbia, which has only one school system; because of Title VII prohibitions against disclosure of information submitted to EEOC for individual employers, that data cannot be shown separately. The statistics in this report are designed to highlight various aspects of the employment status of persons by six…
(1977). Aged and Handicapped Seek Human Quality and Public Service in Media: Mass Communications Patterns of the New Minorities. A similarity exists in the way minority groups in the sixties and in the seventies used media coverage to achieve recognition. The poor and the blacks in the 1960s and the aged and the handicapped in the 1970s turned to the media as they sought freedom to move, rejected separation and isolation, and sought access and independence by breaking the barriers of accommodations and architecture. The results of a year-long sampling of stories in major big-city daily newspapers point out that the new minorities of the aged and the handicapped are accumulating media coverage in the areas of community development, economics, human and group relations, power and resources, and environment and ecology. Minority stereotypes are being rejected in books and on television, and a new position of respect for the aged and the handicapped is being promoted by politicians. In the future, other fragmented minorities, particularly those with physical limitations, will also insist that their needs be… [PDF]
(1979). The Rights of Women in Church and Society. The document examines the rights of women in the church and in society, with emphasis on attitudes of the American Catholic Church. Christian educators should acknowledge the issue as a reality in today's world, and examine it with the following question in mind; "What is God's call for women at this moment in the history of the American Church and American society?" Historically, the Church and society were in opposing camps. Women were criticized by the clergy for speaking publicly on abolition and suffrage. Before and during World War I, militarization made the women's movements difficult, as many of the women were pacifists. Catholic women did not identify with the pacifist stance, reflecting Church attitudes of the time. The founding of the United Nations in 1946 saw women's rights become a global issue with increased gains in political rights by law. By the 1960s, women discovered that equal rights by law did not insure equality in fact. Factors still needing…
(1974). After "DeFunis": Affirmative Action and the Jewish Community. Analysis, No. 46. The problems raised by the development of affirmative action and by the Jewish community's response to the complex social and legal issue are analyzed. The analysis focuses upon: initiation of affirmative action by presidential decree and its interpretation and implementation by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in the areas of college admission and hiring; the response of various segments of the Jewish community toward affirmative action's questionable turn toward preferential treatment and quotas, including the form of the response, its effectiveness, and what it reveals about being Jewish in America today; and the future of affirmative action and the role group interests should play in society. The analysis also attempts to draw attention to current circumstances that seem to provide an unusual opportunity for constructive action in the near future. Although the major Jewish organizations were firm backers of affirmative action in its neutral non-discrimination…
(1976). Desegregation Without Turmoil; The Role of the Multi-Racial Community Coalition in Preparing for Smooth Transition. This report of a conference on \Desegration without Turmoil\ describes the community organization and public information efforts that preceded the implementation of government ordered school integration in cities where this transition was accomplished peacefully. It is the position of the participants in the conference that peaceful desegration in such communities, e.g., Detroit, Memphis, and Prince George's County, Maryland, could be directly attributed to these efforts. In cities where there was turmoil, the report maintains, the communities themselves were at fault, failing to adequately prepare the parents and children for the desegration process. The first part of this report describes the forming of coalitions, the participation of various community sectors, and the activities undertaken to facilitate peaceful integration. The second part of the report consists of the conference program schedule, texts of conference speeches by Ben Holman and George Meany, and an extensive…
(1975). The Good Guys, the Bad Guys and the First Amendment: Free Speech vs. Fairness in Broadcasting. This book, an account of the "Red Lion" Supreme Court case and similar cases that arose after that decision, discusses the implications and problems inherent in enforcing the Federal Communications Commission's "Fairness Doctrine." After a detailed chronicle of the Red Lion case, the book relates applications of the Fairness Doctrine to commercial announcements, presidential use of television, and network distortion of the news. The book emphasizes that, in many of the cases and issues, it is difficult "to tell the good guys from the bad guys." (RL)…
(1976). Censorship of Illinois High School Newspapers. Following an historical review of court decisions regarding students' rights, this paper discusses the 1969 Tinker case in which high school students' rights of free expression were established for the first time, examines the 1974 Kennedy Commission findings that the First Amendment rights of high school journalists were being ignored in most areas of the country, and cites published doubts regarding the accuracy of the Commission's findings. The paper then reports on a survey in which newpaper advisers or principals at 123 Illinois high schools (72% response rate) gave opinions on such issues as the rights of high school journalists, prior review of controversial material by school administrators, maturity of student journalists, distribution of controversial material, the need of school newspapers for guidance from administrators, and the role of adviser. The paper concludes that, on the basis of the survey results and a review of related literature, high school students still…
(1975). Reflections on the Women's Movement: An Assessment of Change and Its Limits. Recent changes in the social and economic roles of women are examined. These changes affect the lives of the largest single group in the United States and have resulted from a movement aimed not only at increased access to society's resources and power, but also at a redefinition of the identity of American women. Topics reviewed include women in the labor force, entry into male-dominated occupations and professions, competence and criteria, consequences of women's movement on professional and occupational practice, apprenticeship, minority women, women and education, women and money, women and politics, changes in the family structure, fertility, changing living arrangements, pressures on the family, and child care. The emphasis of this report is on economic changes because it is an important area in defining women's equality. Access to occupational opportunities has given women significant leverage in politics, as well as in the home. Their attitudes toward work have stimulated… [PDF]
(1975). The Equal Employment Opportunity Program for Federal Nonconstruction Contractors Can Be Improved. A Report Prepared for the Use of the Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, Ninety-Fourth Congress, First Session. The report reviews the effectiveness of management of the Federal contract compliance program in the nonconstruction industry. The following areas were evaluated: (1) Department of Labor guidance to and control over the 13 other Federal agencies assigned compliance review responsibility for nonconstruction contractors, (2) compliance agencies' efforts in implementing the Department guidelines for conducting compliance reviews and complaint investigations, (3) application of enforcement measures available to the compliance agencies, and (4) coordination of compliance review and complaint investigation activities between the Department and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Several areas that need improvement in the Department's administration of the program and weaknesses found in the compliance agencies' implementation of the nonconstruction program are discussed. The problems of coordination between the Department, the compliance agencies, and EEOC were due to lack… [PDF]
(1975). Prejudicial Publicity: An Assessment. Journalism Monographs No. 41. Findings from the behavioral sciences suggest that prejudicial publicity can in some cases influence the outcome of a trial. Studies directed at the jury trial situation yield amibiguous results but provide some evidence that potential jurors can be prejudiced by pretrial publicity. However, the question "Does pretrial publicity bias the verdict?" has only begun to be addressed. In the jury situation, in order to influence the verdict, prejudicial information must survive a series of steps in the trial process: from the initial call as a juror, when the individual's role changes from that of private citizen to that of impartial observer, through diliberation and decision. Each step in the proceeding should make bias less likely to survive. The likelihood that prejudicial information will survive the trial and deliberation process is unknown, although evidence now exists to indicate that it can survive both. (RB)… [PDF]