(1981). Women in Medical Academia Model: A National Experiment in Planned Change. This project involved a broad multi-faceted national program to increase participation and recognition of women, including minority women, in medical education. It included a grass roots change agency to initiate, coordinate, sustain, measure, and disseminate carefully planned educational reform. Activities carried out during the 7-year project included the following: (1) educational research internships and preceptorships focusing primarily on issues of educational equity were given to 13 women; (2) a comprehensive installation plan for the initiation and development of the role of educational research specialist was designed and implemented on local levels; (3) a national workshop on women in medical academia, attended by 18 medical school administrators, was conducted in order to encourage a supportive environment for programs for women; (4) a minority women in medical academia research and action workshop was conducted; (5) assistance in design and evaluation of continuing… [PDF]
(1982). The Impact of Title VII on the Woman in Academic Science. The effect of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on the numbers and status of women in the academic physical sciences is addressed, and historical trends since the beginning of the century regarding the participation of women in education and science are briefly reviewed. The percentage of women doctoral degree recipients grew steadily from 16 percent in 1920 until peaking at 21 percent in 1945, and then declined following World War II, reaching a low of 9 percent in 1954. Although higher education expanded rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s, the science fields, particularly the physical sciences, still do not have a large contingent of women faculty. As originally passed, Title VII prohibited sex discrimination by employers in hiring or firing; in compensation; in terms, conditions, or privileges of employment; or limiting, segregating, or classifying employees or applicants. It is claimed that the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 amendment did not clear up the confusion…
(1982). Legal Issues Surrounding Section 504. Business Officer, p22-25 Jun. Recent litigation under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and unresolved issues in the application of section 504 to colleges and universities are examined. Section 504 is a federal statute expressing a national commitment to end discrimination against individuals on the basis of handicap. Three issues that currently confound efficient implementation of section 504 are as follows: (1) the meaning of "otherwise qualified" in the statutory text; (2) whether and to what extent affirmative steps must be taken by recipients of federal financial assistance to permit handicapped persons to participate in programs; and (3) whether section 504 applies only to those individual programs or activities that benefit directly from federal financial assistance, or to all programs and activities of an institution that receives federal financial assistance for any of its programs or activities. "Qualified handicapped person" is defined by the implementing regulations…
(1981). Institutional Factors Affecting Student Participation in Community College Science Programs. Drawing upon the responses of 268 instructors of randomly selected class sections offered at the Los Angeles Community College District during Fall 1980, this paper assesses the role of the faculty in remedying the underrepresentation of women, minorities, and the handicapped in science education. The paper first summarizes probable causes of this underrepresentation and then discusses the survey findings, focusing particularly on the characteristics of the 99 science instructors and their responses to questions related to: (1) their activities to recruit more students, particularly handicapped, women, and minority students, into their classes; (2) the importance of 14 activities and skills in terms of students' success in their courses; (3) the kinds of support services that were and should be promoted by their colleges; (4) the percentage of students needing seven specified support services, whether teachers' would recommend these services, and reasons why students do not take… [PDF]
(1979). Utilization of Women in Industrial Career Fields. Final Report for Period 14 March 1977-28 April 1978. To expand the use of women in nontraditional industrial careers, the U.S. Air Force examined the questions of recruiting, selecting, and training women for traditionally male blue collar work. An extensive review of the literature revealed that little empirical data on the effectiveness of various administrative policies had been collected. The Air Force also collected original data concerning civilian policies on the use of women in nontraditional industrial careers. A pilot study was performed in which information was collected from three industrial corporations employing a significant number of women in skilled industrial jobs; questionnaires were administered to personnel administrators, frontline supervisors, and managers. Based on the literature review, the data analysis, and recommendations by respondents in the pilot study, it was recommended that the Air Force (among other things) (1) offer extensive counseling to new recruits and enlisted women, (2) emphasize the positive… [PDF]
(1979). A Study to Identify Non-Academic Factors Which May Positively Influence the Recruitment and Retention of "Other Race" Students at Virginia's State-Supported Institutions of Higher Education. Final Report. Nonacademic factors that may influence recruitment and retention of black students at predominantly white colleges and of white students at predominantly black colleges in Virginia were studied. The study was designed to identify the special problems of these students and the nonacademic activities designed to address those problems. Twenty-one state-supported senior and community colleges were surveyed. It was found that for all institutions recruitment activities and special admission procedures account for the largest number of nonacademic activities reported, nearly doubling the number in any other activity category. Fewer than half of the 21 institutions reported that they provided counseling and instructional outreach activities for prospective applicants and peer counseling activities for newly accepted and entering students. The scope of cocurricular and extracurricular activities reported by black institutions is considerably more limited than that reported by white…
(1980). Law School Admissions Study. Law school admission of minorities, and in particular Hispanics, is addressed, based on results of a study of California law schools and analyses of current trends and alternative admission and testing approaches. Information obtained on current admissions procedures in American Bar Association-approved California law schools led to the conclusion that minority enrollment, especially Hispanic enrollment, will not likely increase. This conclusion rests on the findings that admissions decisions, for the most part, are based on GPA/LSAT scores; it is suggested that minority applicants tend to have lower GPA/LSAT scores than their white peers. Additionally, the issues involved in professional school admissions are examined, and constitutional means for facilitating minority access to professions from which certain groups have been historically underrepresented or even excluded are explored. Alternative admissions standards and a model bar review program are proposed. The Bakke decision,…
(1978). But We Will Persist. A Comparative Research Report on the Status of Women in Academe. A national survey was conducted by the American Association of University Women (AAUW) in 1970 to assess the status of women on U.S. campuses and the extent of their participation at all levels of involvement as students, administrators, faculty, and trustees. The study, "Campus 1970, Where Do Women Stand?" involved over 450 colleges and universities holding corporate membership in AAUW. An update is provided of "Campus 1970," which was designed to provide information about changes and trends in the status of women. The earlier report provided data for the years 1967-70, and the more recent survey concentrates on developments from 1973-76. The recent survey sought to identify new programs, structures, and practices that have been initiated by colleges and universities, and problems college presidents have faced and perceived areas of need in complying with the Title IX regulation. Contents of the report are: a summary of the major findings of the study;…
(1979). Climbing the Academic Ladder: Doctoral Women Scientists in Academe. The status of women scientists in academic institutions is examined as well as women's current situation in postdoctoral training and their role on national science advisory boards. Obstacles that women must overcome to become professional scientists are discussed in Chapter I, focusing on cultural and structural factors. Characteristics, educational patterns, and supply of women doctorates in the sciences are examined in Chapter II. Men and women were found to be similar in quality, length of time spent to earn a degree, and in proportions that are trained at highly rated institutions. Chapter III examines sex differences in postdoctoral training patterns. Recent developments in the academic employment of men and women scientists are discussed in Chapter IV. Changes in numbers, rank, tenure, and salary are investigated. It is noted that the increase in women Ph.D.'s that began in the 1960's has been followed by an increase in their presence among science faculties. Participation of…
(1979). Undergraduate and Graduate Enrollments of Blacks and Chicanos at UCB. Data are presented concerning the enrollments of Black and Chicano graduate and undergraduate students at the University of California at Berkeley. Some problems, particularly those stemming from academic decision-making at the undergraduate level, are noted. A number of problematic academic decisions that are (were) likely to affect negatively the recruitment and retention of Black and Chicano students are covered. Data are presented on the enrollments for these two groups by department and level for 1974 and 1978. Data on Black and Hispanic enrollments for the Berkeley campus are contrasted with those systemwide, and other related information are also presented. It is concluded that the decline in Black undergraduate enrollments at the Berkeley campus and the low level of enrollment of Hispanic graduate and undergraduate students have impaired progress across the University of California system as a whole. (SW)…
(1975). Financial Barriers to Equal Access in Higher Education. The issue of financing postsecondary education was discussed from the point of view of low-income and minority students in Southern states. Additional discussions not reported in this monograph were reflected in the recommendations from the conference that were published separately. Emphasis in these papers was on the proper relationship of tuition levels and student aid, and the proper balance of federal and state support of higher education. This monograph contains four major parts dealing with (1) the problem of race and class inequities; (2) higher education finance and its effect on equal opportunity: two approaches to public policy; (3) southern state policies and programs, state financial aid programs and student access, some documents on educational finance in the South; and (4) statistical appendices on race and income inequities, participation of blacks in federal and state student aid programs, and public college tuition charges in the South. It is noted that southern… [PDF]
(1976). Title IX Self-Assessment Guide for Financial Aid Officers. This self-assessment guide is designed to help financial aid offices review their policies, procedures, and practices to determine if they are in compliance with Title IX regulations. The questionnaire addresses itself to both the proportions of aid received by men and women as well as the institution's prevailing policies that determine those proportions. The guide details the demographic information necessary for the self-assessment; the type of information that should be contained in the institutions publications and informational brochures regarding nondiscrimination on the basis of sex; and application procedures and policies. A need analysis format is provided as are specific guidelines for various types of aid programs, including fellowships, scholarships, grants, endowments, outside sources of funds and single-sex scholarships, athletic scholarships, student employment, assistantships, and loans. The questionnaire provides a guide for evaluation of the existing policies and… [PDF]
(1988). States Strive to Close the Gaps. Journal of State Government, v61 n2 p55-61 Mar-Apr. America's future lies in the growing number of minority group children. Past failure to educate minority children bodes ill for America's ability to compete economically. Our future depends on fully educating these youth and ensuring that minorities are fully represented in our corps of teachers, professors, and professionals. (Author/BJV)…
(1996). Innovations in Postsecondary Articulation: Advancing Opportunities for Community College Students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Final Report. In 1993, Kankakee Community College (KCC) (Illinois) initiated a project to reduce the problems associated with transfer from the community college to out-of-state universities by developing a strong structure of articulation agreements, recruiting opportunities, and transfer advising. The project attempted to serve under-represented students and develop transfer agreements with five out-of-state Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU's), and to assist Malcolm X College and Prairie State College (Illinois) to accomplish the same goal. As a result, articulation agreements were completed between KCC and the HBCU's, an understanding of the participating universities was developed by community college advisors, transfer advising was improved for out-of-state transfer, new services were offered to the community, and relationships were strengthened between the HBCU's and KCC. Approximately 100 students participated, with relatively high rates of retention. Problems included… [PDF]
(1997). Mt. San Jacinto College Student Equity Plan Update, 1997. The Student Equity Plan developed by California's Mount San Jacinto College (MSJC) is intended to ensure equal access of historically underrepresented and ethnic minority students. This update provides current information on the goals and activities involved in the plan. An executive summary reviews state legislation mandating the development of student equity plans, the goals and initiatives of the plan, and student equity indicators used at MSJC. The second section provides background information in the plan's development, and the third offers suggestions for improving campus climate. The fourth section discusses student access at MSJC, illustrates the percentages of ethnic groups in the college service area and student body, and suggests that the college's funding be increased in order to adequately serve all students. Sections five through eight offer data by ethnic group and gender on basic skills completion, successful course completion, degree and certificate completion, and… [PDF]