(1977). The Minority Peoples Council on the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway: A Citizen's Response to Rural Development and Industrialization. The Tennessee Tombigbee Waterway (TTW), connecting the Port of Mobile, Alabama with Appalachia and mid-America, is the largest public works project now under construction in the U.S. Investigating the potential TTW impact on poor, rural, and black populations in the impact area, the Federation of Southern Cooperatives initiated a study in 1970 which revealed that about 60% of that population was low income, 40% black, and 75% of that black population low income. Other studies have revealed that between 1950-73 over 50 million people (66% black) have migrated out of the 165 county primary impact area, projecting that employment in the TTW area will increase by over 1 million jobs (1973-2000) without TTW and by 126,200 additional jobs with TTW. As a result of a conference convened in 1974 by the Federation, the Minority People's Council (MPC) on TTW was established. Forming a coalition with the construction craft unions, the MPC has engaged in: securing an affirmative action plan for… [PDF]
(1982). The Denial of Access: Chicanos in Higher Education. Chicanos are underrepresented in U.S. institutions of higher education. Attrition and completion rates indicate that a significant number of Chicanos who do choose to enroll in institutions fail to complete their degrees at each successively higher level, and are subject to high dropout rates. The percentage of Chicano students completing the associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees for the year 1975-76 is 4.6%, 2.86%, 1.96%, and 1.22%, respectively. While Hispanic students are increasingly enrolling in two-year institutions, their completion rate is only 7.6%. Affirmative action programs, by the federal government and by institutions, have helped to increase the Chicanos' access to institutions of higher education. However, given the current social climate, these programs cannot be relied upon as the sole instrument which Chicanos might use to increase their access to higher education. The sociocultural elements within the traditional community which may act as…
(1983). Remarks before the National Civil Rights Committee of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (Washington, DC, June 9, 1983). In this address, the Assistant Attorney General of the Civil Rights Division, Department of Justice, reviews the Division's civil rights enforcement efforts, and discusses the Reagan Administration's position on racial quotas. To dispel the notion that the Administration is not committed to equal rights, the Assistant Attorney General describes current enforcement activities in the form of investigations and litigation concerning sex and race discrimination in employment, voting rights, school desegregation, and the rights of the incarcerated and institutionalized. Replying to criticisms of Administration policy against numerical goals and quotas to remedy past discrimination, Reynolds reaffirms the government's adherence to the principle of equality which, he says, is contradicted by the concept of affirmative action through preferential treatment. Reynolds points out that no matter how well meant, measures to redress the effects of past discrimination with further discrimination… [PDF]
(1977). Career Exploration and Specialization: A New Training Design for Adult and Youth Work Experience. Concept Paper [and Synopsis]. To address the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) client's need for career development experience and skills, the Affirmative Action Office of Dane County (Wisconsin) and the Adult Work Experience Program (AWEP) staff plan to implement a year-long training program aimed at job exploration, internship, and personalized decision making. This Experience-Based Career Education (EBCE) program is designed to introduce employer-directed career development into the placement process. Primarily adapted from the Philadelphia model which was developed and field tested by the National Institute of Education, the proposed training design utilizes a two-phase, pre-placement learning process. Following in-take evaluation, phase 1 begins with the client's exploration of as many as five areas: labor and maintenance, social services, health services, business and office, and civil and criminal law. In phase 2, specialization, clients select internship sites and design skill-centered…
(1982). A Study of Accommodations Provided to Handicapped Employees by Federal Contractors. Final Report. Volume II: Ten Case Studies. A series of 10 case studies was conducted as part of a 20-month nationwide study of the accommodations provided to handicapped employees by federal contractors. During the course of the project, case study visits were made to the following firms: the Dow Chemical Company; E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company; Hewlett-Packard; IBM Corporation; Lockheed Missiles and Space Company; Merck, Sharp, and Dohme; the Raytheon Company; the Storage Technology Corporation; Tektronix, Inc.; and the Union Carbide Corporation. The site visits, which lasted from 1 to 2 days, involved interviews with various types of individuals, including top administrators, handicapped employees, managers of handicapped employees, employment recruiters or interviewers, and individuals in outside agencies who send referrals to the firm or who handle accommodation issues. Because these companies are large, they all have at least one individual responsible for equal employment opportunity and affirmative action. In… [PDF]
(1984). Court Challenges to Tenure, Promotion, and Retention Decisions. IDEA Paper No. 12. Promotion and tenure decisions in higher education are discussed and identified as no longer private affairs within departments, but subject to affirmative action guidelines and court scrutiny. Increasing numbers of discrimination complaints are forcing committee members to justify publicly decisions that were once left to their private discretion. Reasons for this important change include the 1972 amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 extending to colleges and universities the law's prohibition of employment discrimination on the basis of race, sex, or religion. Though many institutions of higher education have accordingly hired women and minorities, tenure and promotion awards are slow, prompting alleged discrimination suits. A recent study by the National Research Council found discrimination is indeed a cause. The judicial process of discovery (the right of someone involved in litigation to gather evidence) is explained. The Dinnan and Gray court cases are…
(1981). U.S. Women at Work. Population Bulletin, v36 n2 May. Women comprised 43% of the United States labor force in 1980, up from 29% in 1950. The surge in women's employment is linked to more delayed marriage, divorce, separation, women's increased education, lower fertility, rapid growth in clerical and service jobs, inflation, and changed attitudes toward "women's place." Employment has risen fastest among married women, especially married mothers of children under six. Some 44% of employed women work full-time, year-round, but average $6 for every $10 earned by men working that same amount. This is partly because most women remain segregated in low-paying "women's jobs." Working wives were spending six times more time on housework than married men in 1975, and working mothers of preschool children are hampered by a lack of day-care facilities. Equal employment opportunity and affirmative action have improved the climate for working women but not as much as for minorities. Federal income tax and social security systems… [PDF]
(1978). The Impact on Academic Medicine. The impact of women on the field of academic medicine is examined. The failure of women to have reached positions of leadership is discussed and this failure is accredited to social and professional discrimination. It is noted that the leaders of American medicine today were trained during or immediately following World War II. However, at that time there existed tremendous professional discrimination against women in admission to medical school and social pressures to discourage women from professional careers. The Veterans Administration and other government agencies have been leaders in providing women access into the field of medicine. It is suggested that this is due to consistent enforcement over an extended period of time of a nondiscriminatory, affirmative action policy. This program has allowed an increasing number of women to follow a path of upward mobility within the Veterans Administration and government medical agencies. The proportion of women in medicine is…
(1998). Women in the Skilled Trades: Do They Perceive a Discriminatory Work and Training Environment?. The job and training experiences of women currently or formerly employed in a skilled trade were examined in a survey completed by all 41 tradeswomen who attended a West Coast tradeswomen's summit. On average, the women were 43 years old and had worked in their trade for 11.26 years. Of the women, 75.6% were white, 19.5% were women of color, 46.3% were heterosexual, and 48.8% were lesbian or bisexual. Slightly more than 56% of the women reported having been treated negatively because of their gender, 63.4% agreed that affirmative action helped them get hired as a construction worker, 82.9% considered women as physically capable as men are, 65.8% believed that women have a harder time combining construction work with family life than men do, and 65.8% thought that small talk on the job was geared to men's interests. When asked whether they were assigned job tasks on the basis of sex, 39% said they were and 39% said they were not. Of the women surveyed, 48.8% believed that sexual… [PDF]
(1982). Selected Readings from the Trustee Quarterly: A Special Publication for New Trustees and for Experienced Trustees New to ACCT. A series of articles is presented to provide information and orientation for new community college trustees and for those new to the Association of Community College Trustees. First, Victor H. Driscoll presents advice on the basic tools of boardsmanship. Next, Robert B. Prescott discusses the roles of the board of trustees, the board chairman, and the superintendent/president. After Sandra L. Hasting examines methods of evaluating boards of trustees, James E. Seitz looks at ways of objectively evaluating college presidents. Next, J. A. Catalano suggests that boards and presidents can work together more effectively through an understanding of their respective roles. Following Malcolm Pennypacker's article on the role of the board chairperson, trustee liability and legal problems are discussed by Alton L. Davies. C. R. Ward then outlines trends and projections regarding institutional commitment to affirmative action in the 1980s. Fred Mathews presents ideas for understanding,…
(1980). The Changing Academic Market: General Trends and a Berkeley Case Study. The new dynamics of the academic marketplace and, in particular, the processes of recruitment are examined in the context of political and legal demand for affirmative action. Described is the way the sociology department at the University of California, Berkeley, carried out its search for three junior faculty in 1975-76. In assessing the Berkeley experience and more general trends in hiring, it is suggested that the traditional collegial network has survived into the 1970s, although it has been eroded by the increased bureaucratization and politicization of academic recruitment. Areas examined include: general contours of an academic market; market dynamics (selected theoretical and historical themes); organizational responses to the new market conditions; some relevant departmental history; devising a rationale recruitment plan; and an analysis of the pool of candidates. The final chapter offers recommendations for handling the present and future market conditions. It is…
(1988). What's Past Is Prologue: The Board of Governors of State Colleges and Universities in Illinois, 1965-1987. A history of the Board of Governors of State Colleges and Universities in Illinois is presented. Nine sections are as follows: governance in higher education (the distant and recent past and roles and responsibilities of governing boards); the context of higher education in Illinois; the board of governors of state colleges and universities: structure, mission, and functions; board leadership (board chairpersons, administrative leadership); the board's raison d'etre: the universities; the students (enrollments, educational costs and financial assistance); the faculty (staffing and salary patterns, collective bargaining, relationships between the Board and the faculties); other major issues (affirmative action, the Cooperative Computer Center in Chicago, interactions with other state agencies); and "what's past is prologue." An appendix provides the following: a list of members of the Board of Governors of State Colleges and Universities, 1965-1988; a list of chairpersons…
(1979). Choices and Challenges – A Student Guidebook about Nontraditional Career Opportunities. First Edition. This guidebook provides direction and information that will help students understand what nontraditional occupations are, what is creating new opportunities in such occupations, and what employers and nontraditional employees say about the new trends. The first of thirteen chapters gives the student information on how to use the guide. Chapter 2 provides a self-awareness questionnaire designed to increase the student's understanding of personal values and interests. Chapter 3 examines the growth in nontraditional occupations and defines nontraditional vocational education programs, sex discrimination, sex bias, sex stereotyping, and affirmative action. Chapters 4 and 5 examine sex discrimination laws and equal employment opportunity cases. The sixth chapter explores work, life styles, and sex roles. Chapters 7 and 8 present information on the opportunities for men and women in nontraditional occupations and nontraditional employment patterns. Chapters 9-12 discuss what employers say…
(1980). The Essentials of Local Autonomy: A Contemporary Focus on Control and Responsibility. Legislative and political issues are examined in this study of the forces governing the structure of control shared by the individual institutions of the California community college system (CCC) and various state agencies. The report first summarizes and compares the findings of three earlier studies of the college-state relationship: (1) William P. Smith's 1968 research into the legal basis of the powers assigned to the newly established CCC Board of Governors and of local boards; (2) Charles W. Brydon's 1973 survey of local perceptions of the state's power with regard to curriculum, personnel, facilities, planning, students, and governance; and (3) Thomas J. Nussbaum's 1979 examination of state functions as perceived by the Office of the Chancellor. The report then examines legal issues in the areas of affirmative action, collective bargaining, and the 1979 Permissive Code, which authorizes local districts to initiate any program that is not in conflict with state law. Relevant…
(1991). Intercultural Programs: Program Evaluation Report, July 1991. This report evaluates the Des Moines (Iowa) Independent Community School District (DMICSD) Intercultural programs. The following types of programs are in place: (1) a Voluntary Transfer Program; (2) paired schools; (3) magnet schools; (4) Extended Day Kindergarten; (5) English as a Second Language (ESL)/Bilingual Education; (6) a Bilingual Community Liaison/Advisor Programs; (7) multicultural, non-sexist education; (8) Minority Achievement Program; (9) affirmative action; (10) minority community liaison; and (11) discrimination compliance. In 1990-91 3,575 students were involved in the desegregation plan and the ESL/Bilingual programs. Budget expenses for salaries, benefits, materials, supplies, travel, and staff development were $1,307,455, with sources for funding including Federal Chapter II, state Title VII, state weighted formula for non-English speakers, and a general fund. The DMICSD's Office of Intercultural Programs staff provided leadership, guidance, and support to staff,…