(2008). \Academic Freedom\ Used as Basis of Bills to Question Evolution. Education Week, v27 n37 p1, 15 May. In another twist in the decades-long battle over evolution's status in public school science classrooms, state legislators are arguing that teachers have a right to raise doubts about that essential scientific theory as a matter of free speech. Similarly worded bills that attempt to protect the right of educators and students to present critiques of evolution on the basis of \academic freedom\ have emerged in at least five states. Those measures do not call for teaching \intelligent design\ or biblically based creationism. Instead, they generally describe evolution as controversial and seek to bar school administrators from interfering with teachers who describe what they see as flaws in the theory. The overwhelming scientific consensus, however, is that there is no debate about the core principles of evolution, which scientists regard as the only credible, and thoroughly tested, scientific explanation for the development of human and other life on Earth, and for its diversity of… [Direct]
(1983). The Development of Protection of Political Expression in Wisconsin Supreme Court Cases: 1848-1925. Most communication courses and research involving freedom of speech examine issues by reviewing the decisions of the United States Supreme Court and the federal appelate courts. However, the high visibility of the federal courts can lead to a misguided emphasis by students of the history of free speech. Research into the development of present legal protections should concentrate on early decisions of state courts. For example, a review of the development of Wisconsin's interpretation of its constitutional provisions on free speech shows that many hundreds of cases before 1925 dealt, at least tangentially, with some aspects of free speech or free press. The most important aspect of its decisions was the degree of protection it afforded for criticism of public figures. By 1925, the court had provided itself with a number of precedents which it could choose to consider dominant in any particular case and may have been determined by the balance the court thought wise between the free… [PDF]
(1979). Labor Law Reform: The Regulation of Free Speech and Equal Access in NLRB Representational Elections. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, v127 n3 p755-97 Jan. After examining the existing legal standards governing free speech and equal access in representation elections, the author analyzes various reform possibilities and suggests a unified approach for legislative action. Available from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, 3400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; $3.00 sc. (Author/IRT)…
(1998). Internet Safety or the Four Fs–Fouled in a Feud between Filtering and Free Speech. Book Report, v17 n1 p17,19-21,95 Sep-Oct. Discussion of free speech on the Internet focuses on three basic options open to schools trying to resolve the dilemma of protecting children while preserving intellectual freedom: commercial censorware, blocking, and filtering. Concludes that adult supervision is still the most effective means of regulating access to the Internet. (LRW)…
(1990). The Practical Philosophy of Communication Ethics and Free Speech as the Foundation for Speech Communication. Communication Quarterly, v38 n3 p208-17 Sum. Argues that communication ethics and free speech are the foundation for understanding the field of speech communication and its proper positioning in the larger array of academic disciplines. Argues that speech communication as a discipline can be traced back to a "practical philosophical" foundation detailed by Aristotle. (KEH)…
(1970). Freedom of Speech and Press: Development of a Concept. Libr Trends, 19, 1, 8-18, Jul '70. Retraces the series of events in English and colonial American history which led to the Constitution's First Amendment prohibiting interference with free speech and free press. (Author/NH)…
(1991). The Humanities and the Art of Public Discussion, Volume 3. Essays and Commentaries on Freedom of Expression, America's Role in the World, and U.S. Energy Policy. The three essays in this collection (the third in a series) explore the implications of free speech, the roots of American foreign policy, and the relation between U.S. political tradition and the formulation of policies on energy. Each essay is accompanied by a commentary. The essays, their authors, and the commentaries are: \The Pig in the Parlor: Weighing the Price of Free Speech\ (Leslie Pickering Francis, commentary by Delmont Oswald); \The City on the Hill: America's Role in the World\ (Joan Hoff, commentary by Kenneth L. Gladish); and \You Can't Always Get What You Want: The Paralysis of American Energy Policy\ (Howard Schwartz, commentary by Henry Hirschbiel). (DB)… [PDF]
(2006). The First Amendment on Campus: A Handbook for College and University Administrators. NASPA – Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education What should college and university administrators do when the First Amendment seemingly conflicts with tightly held institutional values? Should administrators block, discourage, or attempt to adjudicate speech because it doesn't agree with their belief systems or institutional mission statements? This reader-friendly handbook addresses the responsibilities of administrators to balance protecting the rights of many different parties while maintaining a campus atmosphere conducive to learning. It offers practical advice and strategies for dealing with myriad First Amendment issues based on previous court cases and the experiences of administrators and campus hearing officers who have lived to tell about it. Written by leading practitioners in the fields of higher education and law, this easy-to-use guide provides: (1) thirteen real-life campus scenarios that deal with some of the most common free-speech issues facing American colleges and universities today–Each scenario provides… [Direct]
(1983). Using Microcomputers to Advance Research in Language Disorders. Theory into Practice, v22 n4 p301-07 Fall. Computer programs designed for testing and teaching language comprehension and for evaluating language production skills through the analysis of free speech samples in mentally retarded students are described. (JMK)…
(1971). Teachers and Other Employees. Yearbook of School Law, 201-251, 71. Discusses court litigation concerning the legal aspects of employment relating to certification and qualifications, salaries, contracts, dismissal problems, resignation, loyalty oaths, free speech, collective action, and faculty desegregation. (JF)…
(1978). Ethnic Networks and Tolerant Attitudes. Public Opinion Quarterly, v42 n1 p1-16 Spr. Describes an empirical association between the ethnic homogeneity or heterogeneity of an individual's network of primary relations and his or her attitudes toward free speech and child rearing. (RL)…
(1975). The Great Disorder of Speech. American Scholar, 44, 4, 541-59, Aut 75. In celebration of the introduction of printing into England by William Caxton in 1476, the author considered the promise and threat of free speech and the printed word. (Author/RK)…
(1974). On the Cutting Edge of the Law: The Expansion of Teachers' Rights. School Review, 82, 2, 261-79, Feb 74. Authors documented the expansion of the civil rights of teachers in six areas of conflict; academic freedom, free speech, organizational membership, personal life, personal appearance, and equal protection. (Editor/RK)…
(1971). Childhood Origins of Tolerance for Dissent. Journal of Social Issues, 27, 2, 109-136, Spr 71. Reports questionnaire data from 1384 children in grades five through nine. Reveals that political socialization of attitudes toward free speech apparently does occur during late childhood and early adolescence. (JM)…
(1986). The Ethics of Western Rhetoric as a Basis for Teaching Foreign Students. An increase in foreign student enrollment and subsequent questioning of traditional concepts of western rhetorical practice, particularly freedom of speech, resulted in an evaluation of current teaching practices in South Dakota State University's basic speech communication course. In a summer session course, 36 international students responded to a survey asking them to describe the best imagined speaker. The majority of respondents focused on traditional delivery mechanisms, but made little mention of free speech values. In the basic speech course, appreciation for freedom of speech is fostered through discussion of controversial issues. However, many foreign students come from countries where free speech is not a political right and where many feel it is improper to criticize their government. When students in the summer course were asked to prepare speeches detailing a harm in an existing policy system, only two students dealt with issues directly associated with their…