(2000). The Role of Education in Preventing Ethnic Conflicts: The Case of Roma in the Czech Republic. GSFI Occasional Paper. This paper discusses conflicts between Romani minority people and the dominant majority in the Czech Republic, suggesting solutions based on improvements in teacher education. Chapter 1 outlines the situation of the Romani minority in the Czech Republic, highlighting the main factors that influence the negative relationship between the two groups. Chapter 2 analyzes educational opportunities for Roma students, particularly in special schools, and notes Romani attitudes toward schooling. Chapter 3 discusses the role of teachers and assesses the Czech system of teacher education, which does not meet the country's current needs. It suggests that content and methods should be changed by introducing courses on managing diversity and anti-discriminatory practice, with an emphasis on multicultural education. It looks at the entire teaching culture and educational methods that hinder efforts to democratize Czech schools, describing international and local best practices. Chapter 4 focuses… [PDF]
(1999). The Colleges, Their Constituencies, and the Courts. Second Edition. Monograph Series, No. 64. This volume examines legal concepts and issues as they apply to colleges and universities, including the key cases, state and federal statutes, and administrative rules and regulations. Chapter 1 describes the legal parameters of the nation's court system and the historical heritage of both public and private institutions of higher education. Chapters 2 and 3 address the scope of legal control of institutional boards of trustees and describe the imperatives of sunshine laws that require state governmental organizations and agencies to operate openly and publicly. Chapter 4 is devoted to faculty employment issues. The quest for equity and diversity in employment in higher education is the focus of Chapter 5. Employment issues involving sexual harassment are addressed in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 is devoted to collective bargaining in higher education and provides the case law that sets the legal parameters for determining which collective bargaining issues are grievable. Chapter 8 is…
(2024). Lift Every Voice in Tech: Co-Designed Recommendations to Support Black Workers and Learners Seeking to Enter and Advance in Technology Industry Career Pathways. Digital Promise Research has shown that access to technology industry pathways and support for recruitment, retention, and advancement through technology careers remain inequitable for Black talent due to various systemic barriers. To help address this issue, Digital Promise conducted research that centers the voices and lived experiences of Black workers and learners seeking to enter and advance in the technology industry with the purpose of building awareness to the: (1) challenges and barriers they face navigating the U.S. technology learning and working ecosystem; (2) factors such as supports and services that have facilitated their technology career pathway entry, retention, and advancement; and (3) collaboratively designed recommendations for needed supports that they have identified that can better promote successful navigation and persistence within technology career pathways. This report further highlights actionable steps that various technology industry contributors can take to dismantle… [PDF]
(1975). A Compilation of the Developmental Disabilities Legislation, 1975: PL 91-517 as Amended by PL 94-103. Presented is a compilation of The Developmental Disabilities Services and Facilities Construction Act (P.L. 91-517) and its amendment, the Developmentally Disabled Assistance and Bill of Rights Act (P.L. 94-103). The document contains three sections: an index to the developmental disabilities law as amended; the compiled legislation; and the Joint Explanatory Statement of the Committee of Conference of the Congress. The provisions of the law are listed briefly by section number in the index. Included in part II are sections covering the following major areas (sample section topics are in parentheses): general provisions (definitions, employment of handicapped individuals–affirmative action, and protection and advocacy of individual rights); university affiliated facilities (demonstration and training grants, authorization of appropriations, and projects authorized); grants for planning, provision of services, and construction and operation of facilities for the developmentally… [PDF]
(1991). Role Perception of Minority Admission Professionals: History of Minority Admission Administrators on Predominantly White Campuses. In order to evaluate the role of race in the experience of African-American and other non-white admissions professionals at institutions of higher education, a survey was conducted. The study subjects were 130 minority admissions professionals who participated in a staff development program for non-white admissions professionals. The study sought to explore the following broad questions: (1) how do minority admissions workers view their role and status; (2) what are the advantages and disadvantages of being a black admissions professional on a predominantly white campus; (3) what role does affirmative action play in hiring of admissions professionals; (4) how do these admissions workers view their role as mentors for minority students; (5) and what is the minority admissions worker's role in institutional decision making. Results suggest that minority admissions professionals want to participate more actively and significantly in the policy-decision making of admissions offices and… [PDF]
(1980). A Study of the Costs of Compliance With Federal Social Legislation. AIR Forum 1980 Paper. An investigation concerning management of faculty at a major research university during 1977-78 was designed to identify and measure costs associated with federal affirmative action or equal employment opportunity guidelines and to analyze the financial impact of the guidelines on the institution. A cost-generating procedure was developed to identify direct and indirect costs, and a collection process was designed to provide primary source data with opportunities for verification at several levels of the organizational structure. Elements of direct and indirect costs included personnel, operating expenses, and capital outlay replacement value. The major compliance costs were associated with selection processes and accounted for approximately 98 percent of the total amount expended at this level and 93 percent of the university total. Direct and indirect expenditures attributed to compliance costs as applied to the management of teaching faculty were approximately one-half million…
(1979). Window Dressing on the Set: An Update. Analyzed in this report are the portrayals of minorities and women in television drama from 1975-1977 and the representation of minorities and women in the network news of 1977. Also analyzed are 1977 employment patterns at local and network television stations and television's effects on viewers and the first amendment. Data presented show that race and sex stereotyping in television drama continues. Taken into consideration are the age and occupational status of characters and their differentiation by race and sex. Representation of minorities and women in the network news is described as being more encouraging. Findings regarding the employment status of minorities and women at television stations indicate that, despite increases in the numbers of minority and female employees at television stations, they are almost completely absent from decision-making positions. Suggestions are made for an effective affirmative action plan in television employment. The investigation of the… [PDF]
(1991). The Legitimacy of Statistical Evidence in Discrimination Lawsuits in the Context of Employment in Higher Education. AIR 1991 Annual Forum Paper. This paper examines the use of statistical evidence, specifically regression analysis, in employment discrimination cases on college and university cases. Sections of the paper provide the following: (1) a description of regression analysis focusing on the specific features that make it appropriate for use in discrimination lawsuits; (2) a review of the basic legal principles and other factors which lend legitimacy to the use of statistical evidence in employment discrimination cases; (3) an examination of the status of current law in employment discrimination, including affirmative action, in the context of which statistical evidence is used; and (4) a discussion of the implications of this emerging law for university administrators in general and institutional researchers in particular. Two Supreme Court rulings (Bazemore v. Friday, Watson v. Fort Worth Bank) are noted as addressing the use of statistical techniques. General observations reveal that multiple regression analysis… [PDF]
(1991). The Educational Equity Plan of the California Maritime Academy. A Report to the Legislature in Response to Language in the Supplemental Report of the 1990-91 Budget Act. This report responds to the California Maritime Academy's plan to develop a student affirmative action plan to address the needs of underrepresented, women, and low-income students. The report concludes that the final version of the plan (attached as an appendix) provides a good beginning for the changes that must occur at the Academy if educational equity is to be achieved and supports it. However, the Commission encourages the Academy's Board of Governors to improve upon this initial effort by reexamining the Academy's existing admissions policy to more clearly articulate the Academy's entrance requirements. It is felt that the articulation of a clearly defined admissions policy will greatly assist the Academy in its efforts to encourage applications from all interested students, and particularly those from underrepresented backgrounds. The plan itself addresses the goals of making the income and ethnic characteristics of Academy applicants, students, and graduates more closely… [PDF]
(1982). Racial and Income Characteristics of Communities Receiving Local Public Works Funds. This study investigated communities in 10 randomly selected states to determine the extent to which Local Public Works (LPW) funds, which were disbursed according to procedures intended to benefit areas of unemployment and provide assistance for the chronically unemployed, were actually received in targeted low income or high minority areas. The Local Public Works program was established by Congressional legislation in 1976 to provide aid for public works projects that would generate jobs in municipalities with high levels of unemployment. An early study indicated that, contrary to the program's reputation for promoting affirmative action, the allocation of LPW funds tended to bypass areas with large concentrations of minorities. Analysis of the associations between the size of LPW grants and the proportion of blacks, per capita income, and number of unemployed in a community indicated that, generally, the program did benefit communities with large numbers of blacks and low per…
(1996). Black Entrepreneurship in America. The economic condition of black Americans is discussed, proceeding from the assumption that black economic progress does not depend on a renewed struggle for unobtained civil rights, but rather on the creative response of black Americans to economic opportunity and problems. In the long run, black economic development must rely on the entrepreneurial ability of the black American community. In spite of the economic gains achieved through affirmative action, blacks have not benefited in equal measure over the last 20 years. Worsening black poverty represents a failure of policymakers to understand the income gap between blacks and whites as a development problem. Blacks have become aware that, somewhere along the line, an ingredient for economic progress has been omitted. This ingredient is entrepreneurship, which is viewed not only as an agent for the accumulation of capital, but also as a mover for social reconstruction. The chapters present a sketch of black entrepreneurship in…
(1984). A Ten-Year Progress Report on Women Faculty at Doctorate-Granting Universities. The changing status of female faculty at doctorate-granting universities during 1971-1980 is examined, along with patterns in the wide range of female representation across institutions. The data were drawn from the Higher Education General Information Survey. The percentage of women at all ranks increased 4.1 percent during the decade, from 14.7 percent to 18.8 percent. Most of the change occurred at the lower ranks; almost no change occurred at the full professor rank. However, at many universities, the number and percentage of female faculty oscillate up and down over the decade, suggesting that any increase is more likely the result of a random event than a vigorous affirmative action program. Fifteen of the 183 universities had fewer women faculty in 1980 than they did in 1971. Twenty-six report about the same or a lower percentage of women. An increase in availability of female doctorates during the period did not translate into automatic increments in female representation on…
(1987). Oversight Hearing on Hispanic Employment. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session (September 16, 1987). This document reports the oral and written testimony of five witnesses who discussed the employment status of Hispanics in the American workplace. Testimony centered around the fact that, while the Hispanic population is growing, Hispanic Americans continue to lag in their participation in the U.S. workforce. Witnesses testified to the importance of education and employment programs designed to close this gap. Among the topics mentioned were the Hispanic dropout rate, job training programs, affirmative action, and language education. All the witnesses spoke generally against job discrimination and for equal opportunity for Hispanics in education and the workplace. During the hearing testimony was given by Franklin Chang-Diaz, an astronaut with NASA; Martha Inez Jimenez, a policy analyst with the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF); Ray Garcia of the Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers; Rita DiMartino, the chair of the board of directors of the… [PDF]
(1974). Minority Groups Among United States Doctorate-Level Scientists, Engineers, and Scholars, 1973. This report is intended to provide statistical data that may be useful to organizations undertaking affirmative action programs with respect to minority groups. Its data are limited to the doctoral level (PhD, EdD, ScD and equivalent) but do not include such professional degrees as MD, DDS, DVM, or JD. It includes data on Blacks, Orientals, American Indians, and Latins (the latter term covering such groups as Mexican-Americans, Puerto Rican-Americans, Chicano), but it does not aim to include all possible minority groups within the U.S. population. There are no policy interpretations or recommendations included in this report. The literature review in the current report is very brief, limiting itself to other studies concerned with minority groups at the doctorate level that aim at an assessment of the numbers of persons in such groups. Almost 4,000 of the PhD's of fiscal 1973 in the U.S. were members of minority groups but only 37 percent of these were U.S. citizens. The Orientals… [PDF]
(1975). Man and Women Graduate Students: The Question of Equal Opportunity. Final Report. This study of differential opportunities for men and women graduate students was undertaken for several reasons: (1) to help reach a consensus on a proper and operational definition of sex discrimination in graduate schools; (2) to turn the debate over sex discrimination toward efforts to document quantitatively the allegations previously substantiated by anecdotes; (3) to see whether the affirmative action legislation regarding students, which has been imposed on graduate institutions and caused great havoc in their operation, is required or justified, that is, whether it is the fault of institutions or of earlier conditioning of both sexes by society. The document begins with a review of earlier discussions of sex discrimination in graduate schools. This review is followed by attempts to document and explain differences by sex in the admissions process, time spent in graduate study, geographic and interinstitutional mobility, and financial aid practices. It is in these areas that… [PDF]