(1985). Minorities and the Labor Market: Twenty Years of Misguided Policy. By analyzing industrial policy, this booklet reveals a long-term conceptual problem that has impeded progress toward fuller employment for blacks. The report introduces industrial policy; gives an overview of leading industrial policy proposals; outlines the employment problems of black Americans; assesses the various analyses of these problems; evaluates the efficacy of industrial policy proposals for minorities; and explores various policy options for improving the situation of black workers. Industrial polilcy fails to address black employment problems in three areas: (1) the nature of firms where blacks work; (2) the role of schools and training in the labor market; and (3) shifts in the composition and number of available jobs. Retraining programs, for example, concentrate on large primary firms and the short-term unemployed, having little value when the real problem is too few jobs. Growth alone has not solved black employment problems in the past, nor will it do so in the…
(1983). Vocational Education: Where Are the Minorities and Women?. The principal justification for the federal government's long-term and substantial support of vocational education programs is the need to provide opportunities for American workers, particularly those without marketable skills from lower income and minority families, to develop job-related skills. In recent decades, Congress has enacted several laws aimed at eliminating race and sex stereotyping in vocational education institutions. Based on an examination of the enrollment patterns at Milwaukee Area Technical College (MATC), it would appear that MATC perpetuates racial and sex stereotypes historically associated with vocational education in the United States, since females and minority group members studying there are concentrated in educational programs whose graduates earn salaries that are below the average salaries generally earned by MATC graduates. Therefore, MATC officials should reexamine their efforts to eliminate sex and racial stereotypes and to open up opportunities…
(1983). Instructional Leadership: The Role of the Administrative Team and Student Achievement. In an effort to support the contention that the levels of student achievement and discipline depend more on administrative style and school ethos than on inner city location and/or social class, race, or IQ of students, an investigation was conducted of a single midwestern urban high school. The procedure consisted of observation and interviews of the principal, three vice-principals, and a representative sampling of teachers, individual students, student groups, support staff, and parents, followed by a review of documentation pertaining to instruction. Eleven separate findings are summarized, suggesting that the administrative style of this school is a negative illustration of the above thesis: student achievement scores are declining because administrative policy does not emphasize high expectations for academic improvement. This lack of administrative involvement in instructional leadership results from a lack of interest therein among administrators, a conflict in leadership…
(1982). Sourcebook: Disabled Student Services. Designed for use by coordinators of disabled student services at New York State two-year colleges, this sourcebook represents a compendium of ideas, recommendations, facts, problems, and solutions related to serving disabled two-year college students. Introductory remarks describing the sourcebook's purpose and New York's Disabled Student Project are followed by background information regarding concerns and resources, trends and projections, and barriers to working with disabled students. Subsequent sections cover: (1) the legal rights of disabled students as stated by Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; (2) identification of disabled students; (3) attitudes of and toward disabled individuals; (4) access and safety concerns, such as program accessibility, barrier-free design, adapted equipment and techniques, laboratory safety practices, evacuation of disabled persons, first aid, and access to vocational education; (5) instructional accommodations for disabled students…
(1982). Child Development Programs in California Community Colleges: Status Report. Background information is provided on child development programs and services in California community colleges. First, the report outlines the current status of child development centers and the three kinds of centers currently operated (i.e., lab schools, child care programs, and combination programs); the number and types of centers in operation; the children and families served by the centers; and the characteristics and adequacy of the centers. Next, a discussion of the status of child development instruction programs includes a definition of these programs and examines the relationship between child development instruction and services, the certificate/degree options, the number of colleges offering programs, and student enrollment levels. Then, a rationale is provided for the continued development of programs and services based on a recent court case mandating such services; the need to promote gender equity and to create programs for displaced homemakers and women re-entry…
(1982). Comprehensive Planning. Work to develop and test new statewide planning and evaluation procedures for the California community colleges is described in this paper, which provides background information, outlines the proposed comprehensive planning process, and discusses the use of statewide priorities. A background section describes current planning and evaluation activities and underscores the need for more comprehensive procedures. Proposed remedies to the problems created by top-to-bottom planning and widely dispersed and ill-defined evaluation responsibilities are then outlined, with focus on a joint project involving the Chancellor's Office and the Western Association Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges in the development of a method for sharing planning and evaluation as part of the institutional accreditation process; and on the work of the Chancellor's Office Task Force on Planning and Compliance. Next, a prospective planning and review process is presented, which encompasses…
(1977). The White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals: Volume II. Final Report. Part C. May 23-27, 1977. The three-part final report documents recommend recommendations and resolutions and summarizes the work of more than 700 delegates to the White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals, May 23-27, 1977, in Washington, D.C. It is emphasized that the primary purpose of the conference was to give persons with mental and/or physical disabilities an opportunity to voice their concerns and vote on recommended solutions to problems. Part C reprints verbatim the recommendations approved during the conference and the resolutions affirmed in a poll taken by mail after the conference. Approzimately 150 recommendations and resolutions are listed for the following issues: health, education, social, special, and miscellaneous concerns. Resolutions cover such areas as national health insurance and planning, early identification and diagnostic services, and screening programs, (health concerns); preschool evaluation services, funds for vocational education, and enforcement of Education For All…
(1982). Confronting Racial Isolation in Miami. This report presents the findings of research and public hearings on the development of racial isolation in Miami, Florida. Maintaining that Miami's black community is isolated from the city as a whole, and that the sense of black isolation and frustration precipitated the civil disturbances in Miami in May of 1980, the report examines the causes of black alienation and the role of public and private leadership in correcting the situation. Identified as a major influence in the development of racial alienation is the urban renewal program which pushed large numbers of blacks out of their traditional neighborhoods and into isolated and severely deteriorated areas. Other manifestations of black isolation include high unemployment and a lack of access to job training and advancement, adequate housing, the justice system, and equal educational opportunities among the city's black and minority population. It is concluded that solving Miami's problems requires a coordinated effort of… [PDF]
(1978). US Revisited. A Survey Portrait of the American Political Science Community. This paper describes the political science community in the United States, namely, its faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate majors. The study is based on six national surveys conducted by the Carnegie Council in 1969 and 1975. Part one, \Professional Status,\ points out that the economic position of political science faculty has deteriorated relative to professors in other disciplines since 1969. Political scientists are now among the lowest paid academic scientists. Furthermore, the disciplines are no longer attracting especially able students, partially a result of a poor job market. The doubts of political scientists about disciplinary performance is discussed in Part two, \Academic Assessments.\ Faculty point out grade inflation and students point out declining classroom relevance. Part three, \Educational Standards and Sociopolitical Perspectives,\ examines the changing sociopolitical views of faculty and students revealing a stable conservative shift. The final…
(1980). High School, Occupational Choice, and Sex Equity. Working Paper: 1303-02. A study examined the differential effects of experiences prior to labor force entry, primarily in high school, on the later sex-typicality of occupations and earnings of non-college-bound men and women. The study analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of the Labor Market Experiences of Young Men and Women. (These surveys lnvolved some 5,000 young men and 5,000 young women aged fourteen to twenty-four in 1968.) Through interviews that were conducted annually with these respondents between 1968 and 1978, information was obtained concerning respondent demographic characteristics, schooling and job training, attitudes and aspirations, and school experiences and school characteristics. Data revealed that sex-related differences in occupational choices depend upon differences in aspirations that predate high school entry. Schools serve primarily to reinforce sex-typed values as well as general and work-related values of parents and society. Occupational training in high…
(1975). Indian Culture Master Plan. A Master Plan for Enriching the Background of Public School Personnel in Native American Cultures. Recognizing that the cultural and historical contributions of Native Americans should be part of the basic education of all citizens in the state, the 1974 Montana legislature directed that an Indian Culture Master Plan be devised to enrich the background of all public school teachers. The plan was to provide means by which all public school teachers within 10 years would receive training in Indian studies and all public schools would be provided with a program of study that included American Indian history, culture, sociology, and values as seen by Indians. The resolution further called for participation of Indian people in the preparation and presentation of programs. Kenneth Harwood, a Blackfoot Indian, was appointed to investigate methods for implementation; assisting him was a statewide advisory committee of 45 members. Their study resulted in a series of seventeen recommendations that were incorporated into the Indian Culture Master Plan. The plan itself includes…
(1979). The Governance Implications of Deanship Selection: And Other Selected Thoughts on the Process. The dean selection process and its relationship to the political process of governance in higher education institutions are discussed. Data were collected from 31 institutions that were in the process of selecting a dean. Questionnaires were sent to selection committee chairpersons and members, and to the deans who were eventually selected. A model developed by Bailey (1965) for describing, analyzing, and predicting selection committee behavior was used for this study of search and screening committees. A discussion of the two types of councils included in Bailey's model–elite and arena–is presented. Analysis of the data indicates that the search and screening committees should be considered elite councils. None of the data indicate that there was an effort by individual committee members to represent any segment of the faculty, nor did students appear to have much influence on the selection process. Only a very small percentage of committee members were members of central…
(1978). First Annual Report of the Commission on Indian Services. Submitted to Members of the Fifty-Ninth Legislative Assembly and the Governor of the State of Oregon. Highlighted in this report is the 1976-77 work of the ten member Commission on Indian Services which was established in 1976 to compile information on services available to Indians, to develop programs to inform Indians of services available to them, to develop programs to make Indian wants and needs known to public and private agencies, and to assess Indian programs of state agencies. Background for understanding the impact on Oregon of the relationships between Indian tribes, the states, and the federal government is presented through discussion of treaty obligations, PL 280 (1953), and the policy of termination. Commission efforts to promote increased communication and cooperation among Indians, federal agencies, national Indian organizations and multi-state organizations are outlined. Summaries are given of the Commission proposals made during the 1977 legislative session on alcoholism program funding, burial sites protection, confiscation of fishing equipment, tribal police…
(1976). Careers and Couples: An Academic Question. The 20 articles in this collection concern issues faced by couples in academe. One group of articles considers part-time careers, independent scholarly work, or intermittent employment, which may be viable alternatives for women with families or those who feel less need for a full-time job. The need for institutional policies to support part-time careers is discussed. Experiences with the dual career and difficulties of being an academic couple are discussed in several articles. A great role change, or the man following a woman to a new position, is described as are the antecedent conditions in a university which would not recognize the qualifications of the professional wife. In another article, a divorced professional woman and mother describes a career-couple conflict. In several articles, married academics describe the positive and negative aspects of sharing an appointment, a variation on part-time in which two people share one full-time appointment. Other articles describe…
(1973). Women in Industry: Employment Patterns of Women in Corporate America. A research study, the book focuses on the type of jobs which women hold in large industrial firms and the extent of occupational discrimination which they face in the job market. To investigate the nature of occupational discrimination, the authors studied the relationships among 30 characteristics of 246 firms, of which 188 were industrial and 58 nonindustrial companies. Banks and insurance firms were excluded from the sample. An important finding was that industrial sector center firms, those with the largest numbers of employees and highest asset levels, practiced less occupational discrimination toward women than smaller or peripheral firms. Among nonindustrial firms, those with more diversification in output and with suburban locations exhibited less occupational discrimination than highly specialized firms and firms with central city locations. Extensive interviews with male and female managers in several large firms revealed that employee resistance to female supervisors was…