(1996). Ten Public Policy Issues for Higher Education in 1996. AGB Public Policy Paper Series No. 96-1. Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges This paper is the third in a series of yearly efforts to identify the top public-policy issues facing higher education. Each of the 10 issues is discussed in terms of likely developments in 1996 and the near future, the issue's various aspects, and sources of further information on the issue. Issues identified and discussed are: (1) cost containment and productivity (Congressional hearings on college costs and tuition increases are likely in 1996); (2) affirmative action (how this controversial issue is resolved could have a major impact on hiring, promotion, and admission policies); (3) student financial aid (focus will be on funding levels of federal and state aid); (4) governance and privatization (the role of governing boards and privatization is a major issue in several states); (5) federal tax debate (proposals concerning a flat-tax, consumption-tax, and discontinuation of private institutions' tax exemptions will impact institutions); (6) economic development (more debate at… [PDF]
(1992). Valuing and Managing Diversity in Business and Industry: Literature Review and Models. Training and Development Research Center Project Number Fifty-Nine. An increasingly diverse work force is a definite trend in the United States, and a number of companies have linked valuing and managing diversity to increased productivity. Equal employment opportunity and affirmative action are pointed to as foundational to the development of formal programs for valuing or managing diversity in the workplace. The sense of urgency in the literature about valuing and managing work force diversity is not so much about getting diverse people into the labor force but about retraining and developing good workers at all organizational levels. Two different approaches to organizational programs for dealing effectively with diversity are valuing differences, which suggests efforts to develop attitude changes through awareness and sensitivity training, and managing diversity, which focuses on behavioral changes. A number of authors approach work force diversity as an organizational change issue and present either a training model or an organizational… [PDF]
(1981). An Analysis of Cuyahoga Community College's Progress at Equal Opportunity Compliance. Background information and findings are presented for a study of Cuyahoga Community College's (CCC's) progress toward equal opportunity compliance as of 1979-80 and of the interaction between three "subcultures" in the history of this compliance. Chapter I identifies these "subcultures" as the advocates, adversaries, and enforcers of affirmative action. It also defines terms, identifies study questions and limitations, and discusses the legal mandates upon which compliance is judged in the study, i.e., Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and its subsequent interpretation in Adams vs. Califano (1977). Chapter II examines the Adams case and its implications for higher education in Ohio and for public two-year colleges. Chapter III outlines the methods used to determine compliance in the areas of facilities, programs, and employment. Chapter IV presents statistical and narrative findings related to: (1) how CCC facility sites were selected; (2) issues of and…
(1980). On Campus With Women, Number 26, Spring 1980. This issue of the "On Campus With Women" newsletter includes the following topics: a federal court case decision that student aid constitutes federal assistance, but that the Department of Health, Education and Welfare cannot compel Grove City College to sign a legally defective Title IX compliance form; a Department of Justice move to enforce Title IX compliance at Texas A&M University and the University of Alaska; student actions to monitor Title IX enforcement at the University of Iowa; a battle between sports associations for sponsorships of post-season tournaments; a guide on athletic scholarships; a Pennsylvania published model for hearings on equal athletic opportunity; the status of rowing as a woman's sport; women coaches; a Sloan Commission proposal for a new agency to enforce federal anti-discrimination regulations; new affirmative action regulations proposed by the Department of Labor's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs; rules for keeping…
(1982). Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions, Bibliography No. 10. A bibliography of 765 items which illustrates the wide range of topics that affect collective bargaining in higher education and the professions for 1981, is presented. Items are dated 1978 or later, and ERIC reference numbers are cited where appropriate. The primary focus and interest is academic collective bargaining; however, the literature on allied health care professionals, nurses, physicians, and health care institutions is included, and other groups of professionals such as librarians, lawyers, social workers, bankers, and engineers are also covered. The following specific topics are addressed in regard to college faculty: academic freedom; accountability; administration; affirmative action; arbitration and mediation; collective bargaining (U.S. and Canada); community colleges; contract and contract issues; court cases and administrative orders (states and Supreme Court); discipline and dismissal; discrimination; dispute and dismissal; dispute resolution; due process;…
(1980). The Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education: A Summary of Reports and Recommendations. Work of the Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education, which began in 1974 and concluded its work in January 1980, is reported. The Council's 15 policy reports and 38 sponsored research and technical reports are summarized. A paper entitled "The Carnegie Policy Series, 1967-1979: Concerns, Approaches, Reconsiderations, Results," by Clark Kerr is included. Topics addressed by the policy reports include: the federal role in postsecondary education, tuition, affirmative action, the states and higher education, medical and dental education, faculty bargaining, selective admissions, the states and private higher education, the college curriculum, and student financial aid. Sponsored research and technical reports concern the following broad topics: adjusting to changing times; academic programs; youth education and employment; achieving social justice; skills and new knowledge; governance; financial resources; and purposes and performance. Specific topics of the…
(2006). Higher Education in a Global Society Achieving Diversity, Equity and Excellence (Advances in Education in Diverse Communities: Research Policy and Praxis, Volume 5). Elsevier The "problem of the 21st century" is rapidly expanding diversity alongside stubbornly persistent status and power inequities by race, ethnicity, gender, class, language, citizenship and region. Extensive technological, economic, political and social changes, along with immigration, combine to produce a global community of great diversity and interpenetration. Unfortunately, this global community continues to be fractured by extreme disparities in wealth and power, divided into "haves" and "have-nots." Universities around the globe can play critical roles in economic development and sociocultural exchange. Where different communities interact, overlap, exchange and compete for scarce resources, complex challenges are presented. Current discourse often views difference and diversity as problems; however, a growing scholarship reframes difference and diversity as potential resources. This volume presents research into the consequences of difference and…
(2010). Entrepreneurial Education in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions and Sustainable Development. Online Submission The higher education in Nigeria has witnessed a tremendous growth in the last 50 years in terms of producing manpower that could bring about development. However, the problem of Nigeria today is not about human and natural resources, but how to translate the human potentials to meet the realization of its all round development and sustain economic growth. It is a paradox that the nation remains undeveloped. Furthermore, the educational system has failed to serve its purpose of producing manpower with relevant skills and the nation's development is hampered by poverty, dilapidated infrastructure; economic recession, militancy and unemployment. Therefore, the paper examines the role of tertiary education and training for entrepreneurship on manpower development and sustainable development in Nigeria. Data on enrolment in tertiary institutions, employment and unemployment trend were obtained from relevant authorities. It was found that the level of entrepreneurial education in the… [PDF]
(2000). The Civil Rights Act and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The Constitution Community: Contemporary United States (1968 to the Present). In 1964, Congress passed Public Law 82-352. This civil rights act forbade hiring, promoting, and firing discrimination based on sex or race. Title VII of the act created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to implement the law. Subsequent legislation expanded the role of the EEOC. Today, the EEOC enforces laws that prohibit discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or age in hiring, promoting, firing, setting wages, testing, training, apprenticeship, and all other terms and conditions of employment. Working with state and local programs, the EEOC processes 48,000 claims annually. This lesson relates to the Preamble, to Article I, which establishes the president's power to issue executive orders; to Article III, which establishes the jurisdiction of the courts; and to the 14th Amendment which guarantees equal protection of the laws. As the primary source document, the lesson uses the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (pages 1-8.) The… [PDF]
(1984). Seniority Rights and Title VII. This chapter provides an analysis of seniority rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which bars discrimination in employment. Two legal theories have arisen in assessing Title VII claims: discriminatory treatment, in which the burden of proof of discriminatory intent lies with the plaintiff, and discriminatory impact of neutral practices, in which the burden shifts to the employer to prove that the practice in question is a legitimate business necessity. Because Title VI insulates seniority systems from disparate impact suits, Title VII litigation focuses on what constitutes a bona fide seniority system and scope of immunity. The question addressed in the ensuing discussion is therefore as follows: under what circumstances must seniority adjustments be made, and how much discretion do employers have in modifying operation of seniority systems to give preference to women and minorities? Cases in which the judiciary has addressed these and related Title VII issues… [PDF]
(2005). Who's Paying for the Culture Wars?. Academe, v91 n5 p35-38 Sep-Oct. Conservative critiques of higher education rely on liberal doses of cash. Behind the conservative critique of U.S. higher education is a fervent commitment to ideals, to be sure–but there's also a sizable amount of conservative cash. The Bradley, Earhart, Castle Rock, and John M. Olin foundations have contributed lavishly to guidebooks aimed at steering young Americans away from certain colleges and universities. "Choosing the Right College", "The Common Sense Guide to American Colleges","The Shakespeare File", and "Defending Civilisation" charge these institutions and their faculty with poorly serving the needs of the nation. Unlike other college guidebooks, which are mostly descriptive, the right-wing guides mount an ideological assault on American higher education reflecting a broader conservative moral, social, and political agenda. This agenda joins support for economic privatization and conservative values in the public sphere to the… [Direct]
(1996). Preliminary Analysis of the Impact of Proposition 209 on the California Community Colleges. On November 5, 1996, California voters approved Proposition 209, which prohibits discrimination against or the granting of preferential treatment to anyone on the basis of race, sex, color, or ethnicity in the operation of public employment, education, or contracting. Regarding the prohibition of discrimination, 209 creates no new restrictions since public agencies in California are already subject to numerous federal and state anti-discrimination laws. Regarding preferential treatment, the state Superior Court has ruled that the bans of 209 are limited and that certain activities that may benefit underrepresented groups, such as outreach programs, fall outside its scope. It also appears that the "preferential treatment" clause of 209 has the same scope as the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which allows preferential programs if a compelling reason, such as remediating past discrimination, is demonstrated. The only real impact of 209, then, would be to… [PDF]
(1985). Profile for a Racially Integrated School District. This paper, which consists of two parts, suggests criteria for the consideration of Washington State school superintendents engaged in creating racially integrated schools. Part I identifies components of an integrated school district, focusing on: access to schools, classes, and programs; staffing; facilities; curriculum; parental involvement; activities; services; staff development; instructional equipment and supplies; selection and evaluation of learning materials; discipline, suspensions and expulsions; honors and awards; committees; and school displays. Part I also lists technical assistance services available from the Washington State Office for Multicultural and Equity Education. Part II is a compilation of master plan indicators of an effective school district equal educational opportunity program. It is organized around six themes: (1) implementation of State board policy on equal education opportunity; (2) implementation and development of local school district policy on…
(1977). The Regents of the University of California, Petitioner, vs. Allan Bakke, Respondent. On Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of the State of California. Supplemental Brief for Petitioner. The Regents of the University of California present the following as part of their argument with regard to the Supreme Court case concerning minority group admissions policies at the Davis medical school: Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 leaves State universities receiving Federal funds free to provide more nearly equal educational opportunities to minority groups for purposes and in a manner consistent with the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. The evolution of Title VI reveals the core congressional purpose to tie federal funding to compliance with Equal Protection standards and not to create new standards or new causes of action. Title VI, as well as the applicable administrative regulations, permit educational institutions receiving Federal funds to provide minority groups more nearly equal educational opportunities. Judicial and administrative interpretation of the parallel provisions of Title VII further confirms the view that Title VI permits voluntary…
(1998). Responding to Challenges and Conflict in Higher Education Collective Bargaining. Proceeding of the Annual Conference of the National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions (26th, April 1998). This proceedings presents 18 essays that focus on collective bargaining and other labor issues in higher education. The essays include: (1) \Looking Toward the Future\ (Sandra Feldman); (2) \The New Unionism in Higher Education\ (Bob Chase); (3) \Post-Tenure Review: Threat or Promise\ (Christine M. Licata); (4) \A Response to Post-Tenure Review: Questions and Perspectives\ (Denise Marie Tanguay); (5) \An Observation on New Models for Institutions of Higher Education\ (Gordon K. Davies); (6) \The University of Phoenix Model of Adult Learning\ (Laura Palmer Noone and William Pepicello); (7) \Labor/Management Cooperation: The Saturn Model\ (Jack O'Toole); (8) \Contracting Out of Government Services: Panacea or Poison?\ (Robert Hebdon); (9) \Ethics and the University Professor\ (Donald Savage); (10) \Academic Values\ (Steven M. Cahn); (11) \Ethics, Collective Bargaining, and the Collective Agreement\ (Allan R. Sharp); (12) \Rights and Responsibilities of Faculty: UNESCO Adopts an…