(1984). Two Methods for Classifying Jobs into Equal Employment Opportunity Categories. Working Paper 83/84-4-21. Most organizations planning to assess adverse impact or perform a stock analysis for affirmative action planning must correctly classify their jobs into appropriate occupational categories. Two methods of job classification were assessed in a combination archival and field study. Classification results from expert judgment of functional job analyses were compared to statistical profiles of the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ). From the data banks of the PAQ services, 300 cases were randomly selected. In order to obtain the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) classification for the selected cases, the jobs were first categorized by industry. Major corporations in each of the industrial areas were selected, and personnel officers of the selected corporations were sent a questionnaire containing the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) written job descriptions. They were asked to place the jobs into one of the three EEO classifications. A discriminant analysis was performed and…
(1974). Puerto Rican Perspectives. The contents of this compendium are organized in four parts, as follows. Part one, \From Education,\ includes the following essays: \A Positive View of Bilingualism,\ Bejamin Pacheco; \Puerto Rican Children and the New York City Public Schools,\ Luis Fuentes; \Why Puerto Rican Students Drop Out of School: An Explanatory Analysis,\ Alexander Bazquez; \A Case for Puerto Rican Studies Programs,\ Richard Rivera; and, \Affirmative Action in Higher Education,\ Frank Negron. Part two, \From the Arts,\ includes the following essays: \Television and the Puerto Rican,\ Marife Hernandez; \Puerto Ricans in American Films: Peliculas sin Personajes,\ Edward Mapp; \The Anguish of the Expatriate Writer,\ Luis Quero-Chiesa; and, \The Playwright and the Puerto Rican Theatre,\ Jaime Ruiz-Escobar. Part three, \From the Community,\ includes the following essays: \Self-Help Efforts in the Puerto Rican Community,\ Jacinto Marrero; \Reminiscences of Two Turned-on Puerto Rican Librarians,\ Lillian Lopez,…
(2003). Direct Democracy Takes on Bilingual Education: Framing the Debate in Four State Initiatives. The entrenched nature of affirmative action, immigration, and bilingual education programs shows that ethnic minorities as well as powerful economic interests can benefit from client politics (H. D. Graham, 2002). In recent years, ballot initiatives have pierced the cocoon of legislative support for these policies and overturned them in California and several other states, leading scholars to debate whether direct democracy is a threat to minority rights. This paper is a study of four recent initiatives seeking to eliminate well-protected bilingual education programs. The paper notes that California businessman Ron Unz spearheaded this movement, succeeding in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts, and failing in Colorado. It sets out to outline the genesis, conduct, and outcome of the recent initiative campaigns to drastically reform bilingual education. It considers the pattern of elite support and opposition; the campaign themes; and the pattern of mass support and opposition,… [PDF]
(1990). AB 1725 Model Accountability System. California Community Colleges. Revised. This report proposes a model accountability system for the California community colleges to comply with the directives of Assembly Bill 1725 (AB 1725). The purpose of the accountability system is to provide colleges and districts, the board of governors, and the California legislature with information that will allow for the continued improvement of student learning and success. The AB 1725 model accountability system consists of five components: (1) student access, measured in terms of student enrollments and participation rates, programs to promote educational access (e.g., financial aid, basic skills, and articulation programs) and physical facilities; (2) student success, measured in terms of academic standards, course completions, student goal achievement, basic skills and ESL course preparation assessment, noncredit adult education, and accreditation standards; (3) student satisfaction, assessed by surveys of students and accreditation reports on student services and learning…
(1988). The Hispanic Drop-out Rate and Under-representation of Hispanics in State Employment. A Follow-up Report. 1987 Annual Report. This follow-up study finds that very little progress has been made in the state of Florida on the recommendations contained in the Commission on Hispanic Affairs' 1985 Annual Report, "The Hispanic Drop-out Rate," and the 1986 Annual report, "Underrepresentation of Hispanics in State Employment.""The Hispanic Drop-out Rate," identified 19 recommendations based on the characteristics of potential Hispanic high school dropouts in Dade, Broward, Lee, Orange, and Hillsborough counties. For purposes of follow-up, the commission compared statistical data on the Hispanic dropout rate for the years 1984-85, 1985-86, and 1986-87. Specific dropout programs instituted in Dade, Broward, Lee, Orange, and Hillsborough counties were analyzed for their appropriateness to Hispanic students. Findings indicate that the graduation rate for Hispanics has shown little improvement, and that the dropout programs are ineffective. "Underrepresentation of Hispanics in State…
(1990). Minority Women in Higher Education: Status and Challenges. This paper analyzes the status of minority women in higher education in relation to recruitment, retention, fair employment, and equity. Recent research on the American Professoriate showed women made up 27 percent of full-time faculty members and that 10 percent of full- and part-time faculty members are members of a minority. In the California State University system, minority women make up less than 3 percent of all full-time faculty. Minority faculty recruitment and employment have not continued earlier gains due to lowered affirmative action standards, smaller candidate pools, and retention difficulties. Some charge devaluation of minority faculty research and higher teaching loads as causes of low tenure rates. Data on salaries and career tracks (which diverge increasingly at higher ranks) suggest that equity for women does not currently exist. The paper argues that as women rise in the professions, they are stymied by the remaining force of the old social norms that in the…
(1993). Enhancing Faculty Development: The Impact of AB1725 on California's Community Colleges. California Assembly Bill (AB) 1725 was passed to improve the operation of the state's community colleges with respect to finance, governance, affirmative action, employment policies, instructional technique, and accountability, providing a $5 million fund for staff development. To assess the effects of AB 1725 on the quantity and quality of faculty development activities, a study was conducted in 1992 of the perceptions of those in charge of development at a random sample of 40 community colleges in the state. Questionnaires distributed to the development personnel at the colleges sought information on the types and extent of current development activities and estimations of development activity five years previously; i.e., before AB 1725. Study findings, based on a 42.5% response rate (n=17), included the following: (1) the modal response for the proportion of faculty involved in development activities on respondents' campuses was more than 70%, compared to 10%-30% estimated for… [PDF]
(1981). Office of Indian Education Survey Results: Indian Self-Identified Certified Staff (ISICS), Fall 1981. Developed to meet baseline and support data needs for affirmative action programs, certification standards, and distribution of Indian educators in schools in South Dakota, the Indian Self-Identified Certified Staff (ISICS) Survey presents data received and compiled during August to November 1981. An analysis of student enrollment information is provided on the 299 schools surveyed which include public schools, Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools, non-public schools, and special education schools. Findings of the ISICS survey indicate: the 157 ISICS account for aproximately 1.5% of 10,338.1 Full Time Employees (FTE) of the 256 schools that responded; 108 ISICS in 12 BIA schools account for approximately 69% of all ISICS in all schools which returned the survey; ISICS account for less than one-half of 1% of 9,037.9 FTE's of the 187 public schools; and a decline in ISICS in most category areas (i.e., teacher, administrator, and counselor). Student enrollment information indicates a…
(1985). Training's Practices: Education and Training within the American Firm. A study examined the training provided to workers by 20 firms across the Nation. In the 12 years between 1969 and 1981, American firms increased their expenditures on employee training from $2.4 to $3.5 million according to an analysis of data gathered by Current Population Surveys. In the same period, members of the American Society for Training and Development nearly tripled from 8,600 to 22,600. Nevertheless, the extent of firm-sponsored training appears to be related to business cycles since a temporary decrease in such training was noted during the 1981-1983 recession. Less than one-fifth of those trainers interviewed as part of this research project had been trainers in 1972. In general, the larger a firm and the more complex its services, the more likely it is to have a management development program with a built-in strategy for developing and teaching the company culture. As corporations have changed their attitudes toward affirmative action, and as the new generation of… [PDF]
(1977). Womanpower in the United States and in Kentucky. By 1975, the Kentucky and United States female labor force participation rates were both 41 percent. Although pre-World War II data are lacking for the Commonwealth, it was not until 1950 that the labor force participation rate for Kentucky women reached 20.4 percent, a figure achieved nationally as early as 1920. The distribution of women to men varies enormously among the more than 420 separate occupations recognized by the United States Census. Technological change, a type of culture change that is very rapid, has characterized the American occupational scene in the second half of this century. In the 1940s and 1950s, automated data processing required larger staffs of analysts, programmers and clerical helpers. Many of the last group were–and are–women workers. Also, the 1970s Affirmative Action programs may be acting as catalysts to increase the numbers of women entering certain occupations. In regard to the seven selected broad occupational groups, there are structural…
(1976). The Faculty and the Humanities: Two Endangered Species. The humanities are not emphasized in two-year colleges, although junior/community colleges enroll over 30% of all students in post-secondary education. The Center for the Study of Community Colleges is engaged in a multi-phased research project designed to provide information for the National Endowment for the Humanities, which wishes to strengthen the humanities in two-year colleges. Two project phases, including a literature review and a national survey of humanities faculty, have been completed. The survey yielded a great deal of information about humanities faculty. About one-fourth had been students in two-year colleges. Fourteen percent now hold the Ph.D. or the Ed.D. The male/female ratio is 2:1 with affirmative action slowly taking hold. This group has broken almost completely with the secondary schools. It is believed that humanities faculty are becoming very insular while being relatively well satisfied with their present job situations. Recommendations for strengthening… [PDF]
(1973). El Boricua: The Puerto Rican Community in Bridgeport and New Haven. Organized in sex sections, this report summarizes the principal findings of an investigation by the Connecticut State Advisory Committee to the U. S. Commission on Civil Rights into areas of employment and health in New Haven, education and housing in Bridgeport, and the anti-poverty and model cities programs of both cities. The investigation included public hearings at Bridgeport on October 5, 1971 and in New Haven on October 6 and 7, 1971, at which time, state and local officials and representatives of the Puerto Rican community testified. In section One, "City Employment in New Haven" the Committee recommends that the city of New Haven should develop and officially adopt an affirmative action program. It is recommended in section Two, "Health Care of Puerto Ricans in New Haven" that the Governor appoint a committee to study the health problems of Puerto Ricans in the State of Connecticut. Section Three, "Education in Bridgeport" includes the… [PDF]
(2005). From the Inner City to the Elite. Diverse: Issues in Higher Education, v22 n15 p36-39 Sep. Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, offers to a select group of community college students from around the U.S., an intensive summer program called Exploring Transfer. Exploring Transfer, which recently completed its 21st summer season, is hailed as an affirmative-action program that provides a much-needed educational boost to its diverse, low-income participants. The program runs for five weeks, during which the 45 or so students live on-campus and are showered with a healthy mix of support, challenge and freedom. Dr. Andrew Bush, the Vassar faculty director of Exploring Transfer, explains that the aim of the fully funded program is not to choose students with the highest grade-point average, but to pick those who have perhaps experienced an unsuccessful first semester at community college or possibly even dropped out, but returned. One of the goals of the program is to encourage students to continue to a four-year college after completing their associate's degree. Bush… [Direct]
(1978). Clerical Work: A Manual for Change. Report of the Permanent Commission on the Status of Women on Sex Discrimination in Clerical Work. A three-part investigation of clerical workers in Connecticut concluded that there is sex discrimination in the field. A survey of clerical workers, interviews with various executives, union officials, and personnel consultants, as well as a public hearing with clerical workers led the investigators to conclude that most of the discrimination is systemic. Key causes identified were the sex stereotypes which surround the roles of clerical workers, the unwillingness to promote persons in this line of work, and the oversupply of women in the labor force. Selected additional conclusions of the study are that clerical work is particularly low paid, especially when compared to jobs of a similar skill level which are traditionally held by men; clerical jobs are not adequately defined on the basis of work performed; and the desire for upward mobility in clerical work is being thwarted by low expectations about and inadequate recognition of the aspirations, abilities, and job duties of…
(1983). Fighting TV Stereotypes. An ACT Handbook. Suitable for classroom use, the handbook promotes public awareness of the need to provide more positive role models and fewer negative stereotypes on children's television. Each section contains photographic examples and quotations by members representing organizations such as Black Endowment Television, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Chicano Coalition of Los Angeles, The Gray Panthers, the National Council of Negro Women, and the National Black Media Coalition. The handbook presents research indicating that proportional representation of racial minorities, women, handicapped people, and the elderly in TV comedies and dramas has actually declined over the last decade despite the fact that minorities are the fastest growing segment in the population. A look at what is wrong with the way minorities are depicted on the screen extends into a discussion of stereotyping in advertising. Statistical evidence that minorities and women are…