(1997). Black and Brown in America. The Case for Cooperation. Critical America Series. It is necessary to be blunt in approaching relations between brown and black Americans. Whether African Americans and Hispanic Americans want to admit it or not, in many areas they are in conflict that simmers and is not usually verbalized. Yet the two groups have much in common. Both arrived in what is now the United States before whites, and both have faced discrimination at the hands of whites, particularly with regard to education. For the largest part of the history of the United States, Black and Hispanic children have been educated separately from Whites and separately from each other. Blacks have faced overt segregation, and Hispanics have faced the segregation caused by tracking and exclusion. Even when Blacks and Hispanics are able to enroll in a quality public school, the unequal enforcement of discipline causes additional problems. Affirmative action policies have helped ease discrimination in higher education, but these policies are under attack. In the future, it may…
(1998). Technology for Education. IDRA Focus. IDRA Newsletter, v25 n7 Aug. This theme issue includes five articles that focus on technology for education to benefit all students, including limited-English-proficient, minority, economically disadvantaged, and at-risk students. "Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program Students Meet Peers Via Video Conference" (Linda Cantu, Leticia Lopez-De La Garza) describes how at-risk student tutors learn to use e-mail, fax, and video equipment through participation in a video conference with other student tutors. A sidebar shows how the program supports Texas middle school academic standards. "Financial Aid: Challenges and Possibilities for Minority Students" (Felix Montes) discusses the increasingly hostile environment towards minorities exhibited by higher education institutions following court decisions weakening affirmative action, and reviews four financial aid and college information web sites. "Creating a Grade Book on the Computer" (Charles A. Cavazos) presents step-by-step instructions for… [PDF]
(1977). Last Hired, First Fired: Layoffs and Civil Rights. A Report of the United States Commission on Civil Rights. The effects of the 1974-75 economic recession on the effort to ensure equal employment opportunity for the Nation's minority groups and women are examined in the first section of this report, which documents the layoff of disproportionately large numbers of minority and female workers during the recession, generally resulting from the fact that many were only recently hired and thus had earned little seniority. It is concluded that the recession seriously eroded affirmative action gains of recent years, frustrating the intent of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 11246, as amended, and other programs enacted to help minority and female workers narrow the historic economic gap between them and white male workers. The likelihood of continuing high unemployment and future economic slowdowns, which threaten not only vulnerable minority and women workers with low seniority, but many white males, particularly youths, as well, is analyzed. The social costs of such… [PDF]
(2004). Chronicle of Higher Education. Volume 51, Number 12, November 12, 2004. Chronicle of Higher Education, v51 n12 Nov. \Chronicle of Higher Education\ presents an abundant source of news and information for college and university faculty members and administrators. This November 12, 2004 issue of \Chronicle for Higher Education\ includes the following articles: (1) \The Transcendent Role of Chaplains\ (Schaper, Donna); (2) \Offbeat Director's Sophistication Isn't Always Accompanied by Emotional Maturity\ (Sterritt, David); (3) \Presidential Libraries Are Valuable Reflections of Their Eras\ (Nelson, Michael); (4) \Peeping Tom's Juvenile Jaunt\ (Showalter, Elaine); (5) \Seeing a Life through Biography, Letters, and Fiction\ (Walker, Pierre A.); (6) \Illegal Trafficking in Arms, Drugs and International Scholarship\ (O'Neil, Robert); (7) \Liberal Groupthinker Is Anti-Intellectual\ (Bauerlein, Mark); (8) \Liberal Arts: Vocation vs. Vocational\ (Stone, Elizabeth); (9) \The Butterfly Effect\ (Fogg, Piper); (10) \Shifting from West to East\ (Labi, Aisha); (11) \Does Affirmative Action Hurt Black Law… [Direct]
(1980). Predicting Performance in Medical Education Continuum: Toward Better Use of Conventional Measures. Medical school admissions and performance in 10 medical schools were assessed in relation to prediction using conventional measures. The origin of the research was an attempt to determine the effects of affirmative action on academic medicine. For the 10 schools, admissions decisions were analyzed, and an attempt was made to model statistically what factors were used in the decision-making. Additional areas of analysis were the effect of the state of residence on the chance of an individual's being admitted to at least one school, the performance of minority and majority group students on the National Boards, Part I and II, and performance on specialty board exams, specifically the exam of the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM). It was found that only three schools fail to use the science score on the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) for admitting minorities as well as the majority. Data are presented that show admission probabilities in 1975 for two hypothetical…
(1997). "Color-Blind" Racism. Examining race relations in the United States from a historical perspective, this book explains how the constitution is racist and how color blindness is actually a racist ideology. It is argued that Justice Harlan, in his dissenting opinion in Plessy v. Ferguson, meant that the constitution and the law must remain blind to the existence of race because color-blindness was the best way to insure white dominance. The progression of racist ideology in the United States from its Christian form to its evolutionary form to the current "color-blind" form can be understood as a consequence of changes that have occurred in the means and relations of production. Chapter 1, "Theories of Ideology," explores Marxian, anti-Marxian, and semi-Marxian theories as they relate to racism. Chapter 2, "Christianity, the Constitution, and Slavery," continues the historic exploration of racist ideologies, as do Chapters 3 through 6, titled "Sharecropping and the Rise of…
(1997). Transformation: Reinforcing Bridges to the 21st Century: Proceedings of the Annual Missouri Conference on Blacks in Higher Education (7th, Kirksville, Missouri, April 24-25, 1997). These proceedings present summaries of presentations and roundtable discussion sessions from a Missouri Conference on Blacks in Higher Education. Session summaries are: (1) "Measuring Inter-Racial Differences and Attitudes" (O.C. Bobby Daniels); (2) "Flight of the Maple Leaf Canada Economic Outlook: Impact on Women" (James E. Bell); (3) "Bridging the Diversity Gap Through Collaboration" (Floyd Harris and others);(4) "The Heartland's Alliance for Minority Participation (HAMP)" (Richard Presberry, Charles Sampson); (5) "African-American Students in Higher Education Conservative Institutions: Addressing Failure and Enhancing Success" (Mamadou Niang); (6) "Black Women in the Academy" (Constance Adams and others); (7) "African-American Students at Predominantly White Institutions via Networking: Understanding Your Rights" (Ernest E. Middleton); (8) "Five Steps to Cultural Pluralism: Advocacy for All Students"… [PDF]
(1996). Organizing for Schooling. IDRA Focus. IDRA Newsletter, v23 n7 Aug. This newsletter focuses on schoolwide approaches to issues of major concern to educators, from the perspective of providing equal education for all children. "Supporting School Improvement in Reading through Professional Development" (Rogelio Lopez del Bosque, Abelardo Villarreal) describes a professional development program that empowers administrators and teachers to take ownership of a student-centered curriculum that, in turn, motivates students to adopt new reading strategies. The program also builds capacity in the school district to initiate and sustain positive change. "Desegregation to Inclusion: Embracing a Full Spectrum of Diversity" (Laura Chris Green) discusses a full inclusion program in which teacher support teams and regular, bilingual, and special educators merge their expertise to help individual students and restructure their classrooms as needed for all students. "Alternative Schools: Short-term Solution with Long-term Consequences"… [PDF]
(1996). Higher Education Collective Bargaining: Back to "CB" Basics. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the National Center for the Study of Collective Bargaining in Higher Education and the Professions. School of Public Affairs, Baruch College (24th, New York, New York, April 1996). This collection of 18 papers review the fundamentals in collective bargaining in higher education. Areas discussed include arbitration, grievance preparation, the collective bargaining process, diversity, technology, staff bargaining, and faculty and staff participation in employee involvement schemes. An annual legal update is included. The papers are: (1) "Higher Education Collective Bargaining: Issues for the 21st Century" (Stephen Trachtenberg); (2) "Higher Education Unions in a Time of Change: Collective Bargaining and Affirmative Action" (Terry Jones); (3) "Recent Trends in Collective Bargaining in Canada" (Donald C. Savage); (4) "Reflections Upon 25 Years of Faculty Unionism" (Arnold Cantor); (5) "Compulsory Arbitration of Discrimination Claims under Collective Bargaining Agreements" (Nicholas DiGiovanni, Jr.); (6) "Arbitration in Faculty Higher Education" (Nicholas Russo); (7) "Grievance Preparation From the… [PDF]
(2004). "Brown's" Influence on Education and Education Research: "Critical Insights, Uneven Implementation, and Unanticipated Consequences". Review of Research in Education, v28 p1-184. In recognition of the 50th anniversary of the Supreme Court's decision in "Brown v. Board of Education" (1954), this volume of "Review of Research in Education" looks at education research linked to issues addressed in that decision. In the "Brown" case, the court asserted the central importance of the government's role in education, and reversed the previous legal doctrine that had permitted "separate but equal" schools for Black and White children, setting the stage for court-ordered school desegregation in the decades to follow. The chapters in this volume recognize the tremendous significance of the "Brown" decision and the subsequent "Brown II" decision (1955), in which the court laid out principles for the manner and timing of compliance with the order for the elimination of segregated schools. These chapters also discuss research that has looked at both the limits on the effects of the decision and the ways in which… [Direct]
(2001). America Becoming: Racial Trends and Their Consequences. Volume I. [Proceedings of the Research Conference on Racial Trends in the United States (Washington, D.C., October 15-16, 1998)]. This collection of papers explores past and current trends among African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans in the context of a white majority. The papers, presented at the 1998 Research Conference on Racial Trends in the United States, provide analyses of racial and social dynamics and recommendations for future research. The book details demographic changes that have moved America beyond black and white into a complex multiethnic environment. The 14 papers include: (1) \Introduction\ (Neil J. Smelser, William Julius Wilson, and Faith Mitchell); (2) \An Overview of Trends in Social and Economic Well-Being, by Race\ (Rebecca M. Blank); (3) \An Overview of Racial and Ethnic Demographic Trends\ (Gary D. Sandefur, Molly Martin, Jennifer Eggerling-Boeck, Susan E. Mannon, and Ann M. Meier); (4) \Hispanics in a Multicultural Society: A New American Dilemma?\ (Albert M. Camarillo and Frank Bonilla); (5) \Trends among American Indians in the United States\…
(1990). Leadership Abstracts, Volume 3, Numbers 1-20, 1990. This series of abstracts from the League for Innovation in the Community College and the Community College Leadership Program is published approximately bimonthly and distributed to the chief executive officer of every two-year college in the United States and Canada. Addressing a variety of topics of interest to community college administrators, this complete set of 20 issues for 1990 includes: (1) \Beyond Affirmative Action: Leadership Diversity That Works\ (J. R. Gilliland); (2) \Staffing for a New Century: An Opportunity for Institutional Renewal\ (M. Jenrette); (3) \Building Communities: A Checklist for Evaluation and Discussion\ (N. Armes; K. McClenney); (4) \Renewing a Mature Community College\ (J. L. Hudgins); (5) \Leadership for Teaching and Learning\ (K. P. Cross); (6)\Statewide Articulation Cannot Be Done Tongue in Cheek\ (A. R. Southerland; And Others); (7) \Partnerships with K-12 School Districts\ (A. D. Arnold); (8) \Strategies for Serving Underprepared Students\ (R. C…. [PDF]
(1999). Postsecondary Education Opportunity, 1999. Postsecondary Education Opportunity, n79-90 Jan-Dec. Each of the 12 issues of this 1999 publication contains 1 or more analyses of postsecondary educational opportunities. Titles of the individual analyses are: (1) Parental Educational Attainment and Higher Educational Opportunity (number 79); (2) Refinancing Higher Education, 1952 to 1997 (number 79); (3) State Outreach Efforts to Students from Low Income Families, 1996 (number 80); (4) Why College? Private Correlates of Educational Attainment (number 81); (5) Refocusing Student Financial Aid: From Grants to Loans, from Need to Merit, from Poor to Affluent (number 82); (6) Metropolitan Status and Higher Educational Opportunity (number 82); (7) Chance for College for Dependent Students from Low Income Families by State 1992-93 to 1997-98 (number 83); (8) A Merit-Aware Model for College Admissions and Affirmative Action (William J. Goggin, number 83); (9) Changing Industrial Employment Effects on Men and Women 1939 to 1998 (number 83); (10) Hope and Lifetime Learning Tax Credits… [PDF]
(2020). Nudging toward Diversity: Applying Behavioral Design to Faculty Hiring. Review of Educational Research, v90 n3 p311-348 Jun. This narrative and integrative literature review synthesizes the literature on when, where, and how the faculty hiring process used in most American higher education settings operates with implicit and cognitive bias. The literature review analyzes the "four phases" of the faculty hiring process, drawing on theories from behavioral economics and social psychology. The results show that although much research establishes the presence of bias in hiring, relatively few studies examine interventions or "nudges" that might be used to mitigate bias and encourage the recruitment and hiring of faculty identified as women and/or faculty identified as being from an underrepresented minority group. This article subsequently makes recommendations for historical, quasi-experimental, and randomized studies to test hiring interventions with larger databases and more controlled conditions than have previously been used, with the goal of establishing evidence-based practices that… [Direct]
(2020). The Decentralization of Race: Tracing the Dilution of Racial Equity in Educational Policy. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education (QSE), v33 n4 p465-490. This article examines California's Student Equity Policy crafted by policymakers to "avoid an underclass of ethnic minorities" in higher education. We combine tenets from critical race theory, interest convergence, and color-evasiveness to qualitatively interrogate 17 policy documents including chaptered bills, legislative mandates, and implementation guidelines related to the reform effort. We highlight how revisions to the reform deliberately inoculated a race-conscious policy into an effort targeting all students. Over the policy's 25-year history, we found that policymakers continuously diluted the role of race and opportunities to address racial disparities in legislative mandates. Implications for this research emphasize the significant role of policymakers in crafting legislation that explicitly draws attention to inequities faced by racially minoritized students in higher education. It considers practitioners' ability to implement these policies in ways that can… [Direct]