(1974). Breaking the Language Barrier: The Right to Bilingual Education. Harvard Civil Rights – Civil Liberties Law Review, v9 n1 p52-94 Jan. This article advances the view that constitutional doctrine now requires schools to provide instruction in the native tongue of non-English-speaking children until they have learned English. It will be argued that equality of educational opportunity, and hence equal protection, does not exist when the instruction provided by the state is incomprehensible to identifiable groups of children, and that to compel attendance under these conditions is a deprivation of liberty without due process of law. Before these two constitutional issues are dealt with in Parts 4 and 5, the factual and legal background of the problem is discussed in Part 1, and the statutory and state constitutional provisions lending support for affirmative judicial action are reviewed in Parts 2 and 3. (Author/KM)… [PDF]
(1972). Court Action for Migrants. Aiding attorneys who represent migrant farmworkers and their families when affirmative civil action is required, this book helps to raise the level of migrants' legal protection to a minimum standard of adequacy. The text is based on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a national set of rules. The book is divided into 3 sections: the identification and discussion of the 5 most important types of migrants' civil cases involving access to migrant labor camps, retaliatory firing and eviction, regulatory statutes, benefit programs, and contracts; the discussion of preliminary considerations in Federal civil suits on behalf of migrants; and the discussion of procedure in migrants' cases. Also included are 35 illustrative forms and 6 affidavits from an access case. (PS)… [PDF]
(2021). Lies, Myths, Stock Stories, and Other Tropes: Understanding Race and Whites' Policy Preferences in Education. Urban Education, v56 n10 p1619-1636 Dec. Despite being academically unqualified for admission to the University of Texas at Austin, Abigail Fisher, a White female, argued that she was not admitted due to the university's diversity policy. In addition to framing postsecondary admissions as a zero-sum phenomenon, Ms. Fisher intentionally frames students of color who are admitted to the University of Texas at Austin as academically unqualified. The purpose of this article is to examine Ms. Fisher's arguments against the University of Texas' diversity policy as presented in "Fisher v. University of Texas" from a critical race theoretical perspective. In addition to obfuscating the fact that admission to the top colleges and universities in the United States has become more competitive, Ms. Fisher's anti-diversity arguments are also consistent with a racial ideology and socially conservative agenda that frames people of color as undeserving of the opportunities traditionally associated with White people. The goal of… [Direct]
(2004). "It's Not Rocket Science–It's Much Harder": Racial & Ethnic Diversity in Public Service–Where Do We Go from Here? An AED Public Service Leadership Paper. Academy for Educational Development For people concerned with the future of diversity in the United States, the month of June 2003 was a momentous watershed. Nearly four decades earlier, President Lyndon B. Johnson first advocated affirmative action as a means to "seek not just freedom, but opportunity." June 2003 also saw the 25th anniversary of the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on "Regents of the University of California v. Bakke," permitting race to be used as one criterion for admitting a diverse student body in higher education. It was likewise the eve of the seventh anniversary of the refusal of the Supreme Court to review the "Hopwood v. Texas" ruling by the Fifth District U.S. Court of Appeals, questioning educational diversity as a compelling state interest. Most urgently, the Supreme Court was preparing to issue a ruling on two University of Michigan admissions cases in "Gratz et al. v. Bollinger et al." and "Grutter v. Bollinger et al.," addressing whether… [PDF]
(1996). Segregated Schools: Separate but Equal? The LegiSchool Project. The LegiSchool Project of the California State Legislature and California State University conducts televised Town Meetings to provide a forum for dialogue about problems of interest in California education. This collection contains background readings and materials for the fifth of these Town Meetings, to be titled "Segregated Schools: Separate but Equal?" The following materials are selected to promote reflection and conversation: (1) Amendment XIV of the U.S. Constitution; (2) "Caught on the Wrong Side of the Line?" ("Los Angeles Times," July 13, 1995); (3) "Frustrated Blacks Dust Off the Concept of 'Separate but Equal'" ("Time Magazine," April 29, 1996); (4) "Integration Busing" ("Omaha World-Herald," July 14, 1996); (5) "Is Affirmative Action a Crime?" ("Sacramento Bee," April 18, 1996); (6) Letter to the Editor (F. E. Jordan, "San Francisco Examiner," May 21, 1996); (7)…
(2021). Analysis of Academic Performance Based on Sociograms: A Case Study with Students from At-Risk Groups. Journal of Technology and Science Education, v11 n1 p167-179. The present work analyzes the academic performance of students from at-risk groups from the perspective of Social Network Analysis (SNA), studying the academic and interaction information of 45 students belonging to at-risk groups who attended a pilot socio-academic course during one academic term. This information was used to create a sociogram, which served as the basis for determining the centrality metrics of the SNA. The relationships between these metrics and the academic variables were then studied by means of correlation analysis and linear regression with LASSO standardization. As a preview of the results, it was determined that the academic performance of the students in the pilot course was influenced, on the one hand, by their academic knowledge prior to being admitted to the university, represented by the score on the Mathematics and Geometry section of the diagnostic test, and on the other hand, by the dynamics of the social network in which they interacted in the… [PDF]
(2021). Educational Innovation: Trends for Higher Education in Brazil. International Journal of Educational Management, v35 n3 p564-578. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to characterize the trends for educational innovation in higher education in Brazil, constructing a conceptual model of innovation trends in the sector. Design/methodology/approach: A preliminary profile online was done with 76 experts in university education, and 17 were contacted for in-depth perceptions. The analysis of the content was made of all material and, as a result, the critical analysis of the results, which culminated in the development of a conceptual model and characterization of trends, dimensions and subdimensions to innovation in higher education. Findings: The dimension universal design of accessibility and learning had major considerations, contributing to implementation of new innovative practices for higher education. Some subdimensions emerged, namely, governance, risk management, curricular extension and affirmative policies. Research limitations/implications: The difficulty in performing the deepening of all dimensions… [Direct]
(1993). Equity for Women in the 1990s: Regents Policy and Action Plan with Supporting Background. Equal opportunity for women was last examined by the New York State Board of Regents in 1972. This document contains two papers: (1) a policy paper "Equal Opportunity for Women" prepared by the Regents reaffirming their commitment to gender equity by proposing an action plan; and (2) a background paper, "Equity for Women in the 1990s" reviews in detail the progress of New York State women during the past two decades. The first document is divided into three parts: (1) a perspective for the 1990s on women's equity issues of gender bias, career patterns for women, and new challenges; (2) the regents' policy principles to achieve equal opportunity for women; and (3) a call to action to promote equal opportunity for girls and women. Action strategies are listed for ending gender bias, improving opportunities for the education of women and girls in schools, higher education, and cultural institutions, and improving career opportunities in education, cultural… [PDF]
(1998). Conflict and Convergence: Race, Public Opinion and Political Behavior in Massachusetts. The University of Massachusetts McCormack Institute Poll. An Occasional Paper. The University of Massachusetts McCormack Institute Poll of attitudes and opinions related to the political, economic, and social life of Massachusetts was expanded in 1998 to include a larger sample of minority respondents than in previous years. In 1998, the sample included 127 African Americans, 114 Asian Americans, 107 Latinos, and 381 Whites. The rapidly changing racial and ethnic diversity of Massachusetts was regarded as a "good thing" by a large proportion of all groups. Minority group members were less likely than Whites to think that things were getting better for minorities, and they were more likely to agree that there was a long way to go before minorities (specifically African Americans) have the same chance in life White people have. Thirty-three percent of African Americans, thirty-one percent of Latinos, and twenty-five percent of Asian Americans reported that they had a personal experience with discrimination during the last 3 months. African Americans… [PDF]
(1990). Transfer, Articulation, and Collaboration: Twenty-Five Years Later. Comparing data from two studies of community college transfer conducted 25 years apart, this report describes policies, programs, regulations, and practices governing relationships between two- and four-year colleges at state, regional, and local levels. The study that led to this report gathered information from 11 states on transfer admission, assessment, remediation, baccalaureate degrees for vocational students, equal opportunity programs, databases, special arrangements to encourage transfer, state incentives, staff preparation and development, and articulation. The 11 chapters of the report focus on: (1) the need for and methods of the current study, the differences between the 1965 and 1989 studies, and the aims and focus of the report; (2) the educational contexts of the early 1960's and the mid-1990's, with comparisons of governance, community college mission, enrollments, admission, remediation, financial aid, affirmative action, and articulation; (3) the major dimensions… [PDF]
(1993). Women and Unions: Forging a Partnership. This book contains the views of 40 contributors on women and unions, organized into 15 chapters on six topics: Closing the Wage Gap; Meeting Family Needs; Temporary and Part-Time Work: Opportunity or Danger?; Homework; Developing a Realistic Approach; New Directions in Organizing and Representing Women; and Female Leadership and Union Cultures: Feminizing the Labor Movement? Chapter titles and authors are as follows: "Introduction: Remaking Unions for the New Majority" (Cubble); "Unions and the Gender Wage Gap" (Hallock); "Roundtable on Pay Equity and Affirmative Action" (Hartmann, Ross, Steinberg, Bergmann, Padia); "Unions, Hard Hats, and Women Workers" (O'Farrell, Moore); Comments by Kim, Johnson, and Donald; "Family Policy: A Union Approach" (Cowell); "Bargaining for Work and Family Benefits" (York); Comments by Miller and Cook; "Union Responses to the Contingent Work Force" (Engberg); "Social Policy and…
(2001). Trends in Developmental Education. This paper contains an overview of policy decisions being made at the state and national levels about learning assistance activities in higher education and developmental education. The principles driving those decisions are also outlined. Some policymakers want to fine the high schools from which under prepared students have graduated; others want to make individual students pay more for developmental education courses. Policymakers in many states believe that the national movement for increased requirements for high school graduation has eliminated or lessened the need for postsecondary academic support and developmental courses. Economic factors are most frequently cited as reasons to reduce or cut developmental course offerings and academic assistance programs, and policy decisions are being driven by some beliefs about developmental education. One such belief is that developmental education is equivalent to affirmative action, a belief that is not true. Nor is it true that… [PDF]
(1987). Key Resources on Higher Education Governance, Management, and Leadership. A Guide to the Literature. Designed as a reference for both practitioners and scholars, this book describes the general development of governance, management, and leadership in higher education, and also outlines the evolution of particular issues, concepts, and literature within each of these three areas. Each bibliographic entry is numbered to provide cross-references to other chapters, and classic works are specially marked. The 21 chapters include: "Organizational Concepts Underlying Governance and Administration" (E.E. Chaffee); "State Involvement in Higher Education" (R.O. Berdahl); "Federal Influences on Postsecondary Education" (J.B. Lee); "Governance and the Judiciary" (B.A. Lee); "Institutional Governing Boards and Trustees" (R.T. Ingram and L.E. Henderson); "Administrative Structures and Decision-Making Processes" (F.A. Schmidtlein); "Institutional Planning, Strategy, and Policy Formulation" (D.M. Norris and N.L. Poulton);…
(1990). "New Approaches for Children in the Nineties." Presentations at NCCR's Annual Conference (5th, Arlington, Virginia, October 18-21, 1990). The National Council for Children's Rights (NCCR) is a Washington-based advocacy group concerned with public policy affecting children of divorced and separated parents. This document contains papers presented at an NCCR conference. (Since publication of these proceedings, the organization has changed its name to the Children's Rights Council.) Papers include: (1) "A Report on New Directions in Family Research," by Anna Keller; (2) "Child Custody and Parental Cooperation," by Frank S. Williams; (3) "What is Happening in the Black Family," by Reggie B. Walton; (4) "Recent Activities of the American Bar Association's Center on Children and the Law," by David W. Lloyd; (5) "The Agenda for The Commission on Interstate Child Support," by Margaret Campbell Haynes; (6) "The Problem with Child Support," by Jed H. Abraham; (7) "How to Avoid Secondary Victimization in Child Sexual Abuse Investigations," by Ralph Underwager… [PDF]
(1995). The Bubbling Cauldron. Race, Ethnicity, and the Urban Crisis. The essays in this collection provide a background for discussions about multiculturalism, cultural politics, and urban crises by illustrating the ways in which race is still a central source of meaning, identity, and power and why it is intensifying as a category, rather than diminishing. Selections include: (1) "Putting 'Race' in Its Place" (Michael Peter Smith and Joe R. Feagin); (2) "Dictatorship, Democracy, and Difference: The Historical Construction of Racial Identity" (Howard Winant); (3) "Who Are the 'Good Guys'? The Social Construction of the Vietnamese 'Other'" (Michael Peter Smith and Bernadette Tarallo); (4) "The Rising Significance of Status in U.S. Race Relations" (Martin Sanchez Jankowski); (5) "African American Entrepreneurship and Racial Discrimination: A Southern Metropolitan Case" (Michael Hodge and Joe R. Feagin); (6) "Black Ghettoization and Social Mobility" (Norman Fainstein); (7) "Historical…