(2001). Early Marriage: Child Spouses. Innocenti Digest No. 7. This digest focuses on early marriage–the marriage of children and young people under the age of 18–from a human rights perspective. Research into early marriage has tended to concentrate on specific aspects of its impact, such as the effects on reproductive health and school drop-out. There has been little examination of the practice as a child rights violation in itself. The digest examines the extent of early marriage, its context, its causes, and its impact on every aspect of the lives of those affected–particularly young girls–and on the wider society. It outlines strategies to help those who have been married at an early age, and for the prevention of early marriage through education, advocacy, and alliance building. The digest concludes with a call for more rights-based research on an issue that has far-reaching consequences. Contains data boxes alongside the text and extensive information sources. (BT)…
(1973). Equal Protection and Standardized Testing. Mississippi Law Journal, 44, 5, 900-927, Nov 73. Due to the tremendous increase in the use of standardized tests, there have recently been significant developments in the law that have initiated a reevaluation of the social and legal implications of the use of such tests. (Author)…
(1972). Procedural Due Process: One Institution's Plan and How it is Working. NASPA Journal, 9, 3, 207-214, Jan 72. …
(2002). Examining the Present and the Future of Legal Protections for Controversial Teaching in Public Schools. Classroom speech of public-school teachers is a messy subject with regard to the tension between various societal demands and basic rights of students, teachers, and others at school sites. The demands are not always consistent, and rights are subject to different interpretations depending on which court decision forms the underlying basis for a trial's outcome. This paper analyzes the apparent confusion surrounding this issue of controversial pedagogy. The balancing of rights is discussed with respect to court cases in which the integrity of curriculum and concerns of public interest weaken or eliminate teachers' First Amendment protections. School choice affects teacher speech in a variety of ways because policy-making is decentralized, and greater importance is placed on students' and parents' decisions about what sort of educational experiences produce best results. An analytical framework of more comprehensive scope is needed in addressing these cases involving the notion of a…
(1989). The Debate Over Corporal Punishment. Policy Memo Series No. 5. Corporal punishment, the act of disciplining students by inflicting physical pain (usually paddling the child's backside), has recently come under fire due to the public's growing concern over child abuse. Opponents of corporal punishment assert that there is little hard evidence showing that physical punishment promotes character development or produces lasting behavioral change. In fact, opponents claim that corporal punishment can be counterproductive by increasing rather than curtailing antisocial behavior. Corporal punishment supporters believe that coddling students who deserve to be punished is likely to do lasting harm; supporters suggest that children who do not learn that misbehavior has unfortunate consequences may never learn to behave acceptably. Currently, according to federal court rulings, school authorities can use reasonable physical punishment unless board policies or state laws stipulate otherwise. Across the 32 states that permit corporal punishment in their… [PDF]
(1983). Teachers' Knowledge of the Law as It Affects Children: Technical Note. Perceptual and Motor Skills, v56 n2 p565-66 Apr. Preservice teachers' (n=107) knowledge of children's legal rights was investigated. Responses to The Survey of Children's Legal Rights indicated that teachers' understanding of the law as it affects children is only marginally correct. (Author)…
(1995). Academic Freedom and Sexual Harassment. Contemporary Education, v66 n2 p74-76 Win. A discussion of sexual harassment on American college campuses focuses on the case of Silva v. University of New Hampshire. The article examines the university's responsibility to protect students from sexual harassment while at the same time protecting freedom of expression. Various examples are presented in an attempt to define sexual harassment. (SM)…
(1995). Building Support for Intellectual Freedom. Contemporary Education, v66 n2 p92-95 Win. An analysis of policy documents from six national organizations that promote intellectual and academic freedom for teachers and students supports the need for school systems to develop and articulate guidelines for addressing challenges to instructional methods and materials used in the schools. Recommended actions are discussed. (SM)…
(1995). Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. Lesson Plan. OAH Magazine of History, v9 n2 p47-49 Win. Presents a five-lesson, high school instructional unit on the ideas and activities of Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr. Includes student objectives, step-by-step instructional procedures, and discussion questions. Provides quotations by Thoreau and King. (CFR)…
(2009). Doorways I: Student Training Manual on School-Related Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response. US Agency for International Development The Doorways training program was designed by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)-funded Safe Schools Program (Safe Schools) to enable teachers, community members and students to prevent and respond to school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV). \Doorways I: Student Training Manual on School-Related Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response\ was designed for students to improve their resiliency and self-efficacy and to help them prevent and respond to SRGBV. A glossary is included. Two appendices are included: (1) School-Related Gender-Based Violence: Definition and Types; and (2) Sample Letter to Parents. (Contains 34 footnotes.) [This manual is part of the Doorways program that comprises: \Doorways II: Community Counselor Reference Materials on School-Related Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response\ (ED507889); \Doorways II: Community Counselor Training Manual on School-Related Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Response\ (ED507887); \Doorways III:… [PDF]
(1977). Race Relations in Britain. This pamphlet outlines activities that the British government has undertaken to provide equality of opportunity to ethnic minorities. Background information is provided through an overview of immigration trends which describes racial and regional distributions of minority groups. Legislation concerning race relations and discrimination is summarized. Descriptions of the Race Relations Act of 1976, the Commission for Racial Equality, the Incitement to Racial Hatred Act, the Race Relations Board and the Community Relations Commission, Community Relations Councils, and early racial legislation are provided. Social policies enacted for the benefit of racial and ethnic minorities are outlined. The policy areas include housing, health, education, employment, media, and police relations. Immigration statistics and listings of departments and organizations concerned with immigration and race are appended. (MK)…
(2008). Strategies for Promoting Gender Equity in Developing Countries: Lessons, Challenges, and Opportunities. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars Over the last several decades a number of strategies have emerged and evolved to promote gender equity in development efforts. Yet debates regarding the relative efficacy of these strategies remain. On Thursday, April 26, 2007, the Woodrow Wilson Center convened a group of experts on gender and development to address the issue of gender inequality from a variety of perspectives. Panelists reflected on past efforts to promote gender equity and discussed effective strategies for the way forward. The first panel discussed the main approaches to promoting gender equity and the progress made towards incorporating gender concerns in development institutions. Laying out the historical context in which the Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD) strategies emerged, Jane Jaquette argued that the way in which these approaches evolved has depended very much on the limitations and opportunities available at different points in time. Discussing the effectiveness of gender… [PDF]
(2008). Harmonizing the Interests of Free Speech, Obscenity and Child Pornography on Cyberspace: The New Roles of Parents, Technology and Legislation for Internet Safety. Online Submission, Paper presented at the Oxford Round Table on \The Regulation of Cyberspace: Balancing the Interests\ (Oxford, England, Mar 28, 2008). Incorrect access to Web site addresses and spam e-mails are continuing to make pornography rampant on the Internet at schools, homes and libraries. Collectively, parents, teachers and members of communities must become more aware of the risks and consequences of open access to the Internet, and the distinction between censorship and Internet access filtering. Parental involvement is crucial for raising children with healthy Internet access habits to social and educational materials. Although generations have coped with different times and trials, technology is ushering in new trials. Parents and communities cannot ignore the present and future technology ingrained into the lives of children. This paper contends that, parents armed with legislation and technological security devices for access to the Internet, ought to strengthen the character of online Internet safety. The discussion is focused on the roles parents, communities, technology and laws should play in protecting children… [PDF]
(2008). Making a Global Impact: The United States' Role in Training International Students as Rehabilitation Counselors and Educators. Rehabilitation Education, v22 n3-4 p193-202. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 10% of the world's population has some kind of disability (Poverty and Disability, 2000), yet many of the individuals who live in developing nations lack access to rehabilitation services. In this paper the authors share their concerns and rationale regarding the role of the United States in preparing international students. Specific recommendations to promote the growth of international rehabilitation education and collaboration include (a) accelerating collaborative research and training activities, (b) coordinating international scholars exchange and internship programs, (c) advocating disability rights through political activism, (d) encouraging student involvement in non-governmental agencies, (e) emphasizing cultural sensitivity in rehabilitation education curriculum and research activities, and (f) reviving university-based international rehabilitation programs….
(2008). WHO Atlas on Global Resources for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities 2007: Key Findings Relevant for Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, v5 n2 p81-88 Jun. The World Health Organization (WHO) Atlas-ID project was designed to collect, compile, and disseminate information on intellectual disabilities (ID) services and resources from across the world. This paper aims at selecting findings in the Atlas-ID that can be used as a tool for advocacy, human rights awareness, development planning, and monitoring changes regarding resources for persons with intellectual disabilities and their families in countries with the lowest levels of income in the world. After consultation with experts in the field of ID, a questionnaire and its accompanying glossary were developed. This questionnaire was completed by national respondents from 147 countries, areas, and territories that are WHO members (response rate of 74.6% corresponding to 94.6% of the world population). Cross-tabulations were calculated according to WHO region that the countries belong to as well as their levels of income. The data from the Atlas-ID allowed for documenting similarities and… [Direct]