(1976). Is 'Brown' Obsolete? No!. Integrated Education, 14, 3, 29,31,33,35, May-Jun 76. This response endeavors to deal with the specific contentions of the Bell thesis, asserting that it represents nothing more than a capitulation and submission to rapacious unconstitutional behavior that society expects no other group to endure, and discusses the moral, as distinguished from the practical, objection that black parents and children have to segregation. (Author/JM)…
(2003). In the Supreme Court of the United States, Jennifer Gratz and Patrick Hamacher, Petitioners, versus Lee Bollinger, James J. Duderstadt, and the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan, Respondents on Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Brief for Respondents. This legal document addresses whether the Court should reaffirm its decision in Regents of University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978), holding that the educational benefits which flow from a diverse student body to an institution of higher education, its students, and the public it serves are sufficiently compelling to permit the school to consider race and/or ethnicity as one of many factors in making admissions decisions through a "properly devised" admissions program. It discusses whether the admissions program of the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts (LS&A) is properly devised. It asserts that the University of Michigan may consider race and ethnicity as factors in admissions to obtain the educational benefits of diversity, noting that: settled principles of Stare Decisis require continued adherence to Bakke's core holding, and institutions of higher learning have a compelling interest in obtaining the educational… [PDF]
(2003). Teaching about Child Labor and International Human Rights. ERIC Digest. An estimated 246 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 work in the agricultural, industrial, and craft sectors worldwide. Approximately 180 million of these children work under the worst forms of child labor as defined by the International Labor Organization (2002). In spite of conventions and protocols designed to eradicate the worst forms of child labor, international human rights violations concerning children persist in the workplace. This Digest defines child labor and its worst forms within the context of international human rights, describes several key protocols and conventions aimed at eliminating these worst forms, proposes a rationale for teaching about certain issues in child labor, and offers parameters for choosing instructional strategies that teach about the worst forms of child labor. Lists six Web sites which contain resources and information on teaching human rights and child labor. (Contains 11 references.) (BT)… [PDF]
(1994). Working Effectively with Persons Who Have Cognitive Disabilities. Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act Series. This brief paper uses a question-and-answer format to summarize requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 related to employment of persons who have cognitive disabilities. Questions address the following topics: (1) the meaning of "reasonable accommodation" under the law; (2) what is meant by a cognitive disability; (3) considerations during the job application and interview process (such as simplifying and minimizing wording on the job application); (4) job training and performance considerations (such as breaking job tasks down into small steps); and (5) other considerations, including use of an advocate and involving the individual in determining accommodations. A listing of five resources is provided. (DB)… [PDF]
(1996). Maya Angelou: More Than a Poet. African-American Biographies. This book explores the life of Maya Angelou, the author the autobiographical "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings." The book details her life from the beginning in Stamps, Arkansas, and relates how she has overcome many obstacles throughout her life to become the successful, educated woman she is today–author, political activist, actress, and singer. The book is geared to the young reader and contains a chronology of the milestones in the author's life, as well as the dates when her most important works were published. Chapter notes are included and a list of books for further reading is attached. (NKA)…
(2000). Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics. Volume 2: Hispanic Americans and Native Americans. The American Political Landscape Series. The last 30 years of U.S. political history have seen dramatic strides in the impact that minorities play in U.S. politics. This second volume of a two-volume set addresses the historical and contemporary impact of two of the largest minority groups in the United States. Divided into two sections, the encyclopedia addresses the political struggles of Hispanic Americans and Native Americans. The work draws attention to those events, people, and ideas that have shaped, and will continue to shape, the political dialogue of a diverse country. The entries cover people, events, court cases, movements, and organizations that have shaped the political struggles of these 2 groups. Longer entries address some of the key issues that face minorities in U.S. politics today. These "issue entries," such as those on affirmative action, immigration, bilingual education, and political participation were written to give context to current politics and to show how these issues might be…
(2000). Criminal Justice in America. Third Edition. This book, a comprehensive and interactive introductory text on criminal justice, consists of six units: (1) Crime: covers victims' rights, gangs, violent crime, white-collar crime, elements of crimes, legal defenses, methods for measuring crime, hate crime, computer crime, and a history of crime in the United States; (2) Police: explores local police, attitudes toward police, community policing, criminal investigation, search and seizure, "Miranda," the exclusionary rule, racial profiling, corruption, use of force, policing the police, and an history of law enforcement; (3) The Criminal Case: examines courts, judges, and lawyers and explores a hypothetical criminal case from arrest through trial; (4) Corrections: looks into sentencing, prisons, alternatives to prison, capital punishment, theories of punishment, history of corrections, and debates such as those over mandatory-minimums and the high number of imprisoned persons; (5) Juvenile Justice: explores the separate… [PDF]
(1998). The More We Change…. This report provides an overview of the struggle to desegregate schools in the United States. It describes the two phases of desegregation, focusing on court decisions that influenced desegregation and how these decisions changed the composition of the schools. It opens with the 1849 decision that asserted that desegregation was for the good of both races, and then quickly traces the progression to \Plessy v. Ferguson\ (1896), which established that separate but equal met the requirements of the Fourteenth Amendment. The report outlines events leading up to the \Brown\ decision and the court order that desegregation efforts were to be approached with all deliberate speed. Following the \Brown\ case, questions arose over de jure and de facto segregation and the issue of freedom of choice. Much of this debate culminated in the landmark case \Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education,\ which reaffirmed the fact that district courts have broad powers to fashion remedies in… [PDF]
(2003). Direct Democracy Takes on Bilingual Education: Framing the Debate in Four State Initiatives. The entrenched nature of affirmative action, immigration, and bilingual education programs shows that ethnic minorities as well as powerful economic interests can benefit from client politics (H. D. Graham, 2002). In recent years, ballot initiatives have pierced the cocoon of legislative support for these policies and overturned them in California and several other states, leading scholars to debate whether direct democracy is a threat to minority rights. This paper is a study of four recent initiatives seeking to eliminate well-protected bilingual education programs. The paper notes that California businessman Ron Unz spearheaded this movement, succeeding in California, Arizona, and Massachusetts, and failing in Colorado. It sets out to outline the genesis, conduct, and outcome of the recent initiative campaigns to drastically reform bilingual education. It considers the pattern of elite support and opposition; the campaign themes; and the pattern of mass support and opposition,… [PDF]
(2002). Missouri Assessment Program, Spring 2002: Social Studies, Grade 11. Released Items [and] Scoring Guide. The booklet contains samples from the Missouri social studies test for eleventh graders. The first sample asks students to use their own knowledge and the information gleaned from two illustrations that are focused on U.S. history. The second samples, based on a drawing of a map of 1914 East Asia, asks students to use their knowledge and the map to answer five questions. The scoring guide for the Missouri social studies test for eleventh graders provides a stem, a description of a top point-score response, an example of a top score-point response, examples of other acceptable responses, and point scoring numbers for three items. (BT)… [PDF]
(1999). A Special Remedy: Roma and Schools for the Mentally Handicapped in the Czech Republic. Country Reports Series. This report examines the over-representation of Romani children in special schools for the mentally handicapped in the Czech Republic, reviewing the history of Roma in the Czech Republic, detailing problems in educating Romani children (who are segregated from non-Romani children), and discussing the inferior quality of remedial education. The report highlights abuses that occur when enrolling Romani children in special schools; how racial abuse in the regular school system traumatizes Romani children; and the impossibility of transferring to regular schools from remedial schools once students are enrolled. The report looks at other aspects affecting the human rights of Roma in the Czech Republic as they pertain to education, particularly the effect of the 1992 Act on Citizenship on the educational rights of Roma, the failure of the government to provide education for Roma, and the link between discrimination and abuse in the education system and the ability of Roma to claim other… [PDF]
(2001). The Impact of Affirmative Action on Medical Education and the Nation's Health. This paper summarizes the history and impact of affirmative action in medical education. Affirmative action was introduced in the 1960s. From 1968-74, there was significant integration in medical education. The assassination of Martin Luther King was catalytic, and awareness of racial and class disparities in U.S. public health also spurred educators, the federal government, and the public to support efforts to increase the numbers of minority doctors. There was growing recognition that minorities were excluded from medicine and that the same minorities who traditionally experienced discrimination had the most acute medical needs and least access to care, thus creating a need for minority doctors. The federal government and private foundations helped medical schools' efforts to recruit, retain, and prepare minority medical students. Affirmative action initiatives of U.S. medical schools have been successful in three ways: (1) racial targeting dramatically increased minority… [PDF]
(1973). Structuring Success For Women: Guidelines For Gatekeepers. J-NAWDAC, 37, 1, 34-42, F 73. The author discusses the subtle obstacles in the way of true professional advancement for women: socialization which creates other directedness (causing choice of convenient careers which fit into the needs of others), a tracking system which directs young women into less productive, less prestigious, and less interesting jobs, the failure of men to challenge women to develop excellence, etc. Presented at annual convention of NAWDAC, Cleveland 1973. (EK)…
(1973). \Spillover\ Effect of the Black Educated: Catalysts for Equality. Journal of Black Studies, 4, 1, 52-68, Sep 73. First historically reflects on the training, location, and impact of the professional black; and then deals with the socioeconomic status and the role, as well as special responsibility, of the black educated in capitalizing on the spillover effect, e.g. the impact the educated may have on the community at large. (Author/JM)…
(1973). Gay Teachers: The March from Closet to Classroom. American School Board Journal, 160, 7, 28-32, Jul 73. Discusses the problems school boards face in determining whether declared homosexuality adversely affects teaching effectiveness in the classroom. Several recent appeals to the courts have been based on an individual's right to privacy. (WM)…