(1989). Muckraking Free Speech: I.F. Stone and the Trial of Socrates. Communication Research, v16 n2 p289-98 Apr. Reviews I.F. Stone's "The Trial of Socrates," discussing the application of Stone's particular perspective (vintage American liberalism) and method (the muckraking tradition) to his reassessment of democracy and free speech in ancient Athens via Socrates' trial and condemnation. Compares Ancient Greek and modern concepts of free speech and democracy. (SR)…
(1997). The First Amendment in Higher Education: A Review of the 1995 Judicial Decisions. Journal of College and University Law, v23 n3 p309-31 Win. Reviews 1995 court decisions concerning free speech in colleges and universities, focusing on the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment (educator speech, campus speech regulations, speech in public forum), religion clauses (Establishment Clause, Free Exercise Clause) and statutes (Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Equal Access Act). Concludes decisions tend to restrict free speech and public school funding of religious activities. (MSE)…
(2007). Returning Fire. Chronicle of Higher Education, v53 n33 pB13 Apr. Last December saw another predictable report from the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE), a self-described watchdog group, highlighting how higher education is supposedly under siege from a politically correct plague of so-called hate-speech codes. In that report, FIRE declared that as many as 96 percent of top-ranked colleges "prohibit speech that, outside the borders of campus, is protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution." But contrary to the group's contention, academic freedom and open discourse are not seriously threatened at American colleges. If anything, academe does a better job of preserving free speech than do its cousins in the service of an open civil society, the news media and online service providers. Indeed, FIRE largely fails to explain how it reaches its overly broad conclusions, and a sober look at the group's charges finds an increasingly ideological organization that exaggerates the facts to make political hay. In… [Direct]
(2000). Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Scope of Free Speech and Hate Speech in the College Community. Michigan Community College Journal: Research & Practice, v6 n1 p9-37 Spr. This article presents the Two Sides interviews, which confront the serious and immediate conflict between free speech and hate speech on college campuses. Dr. Robert O' Neil discusses the scope of free speech in the college community, while Dr. Timothy Shiell focuses on hate speech on campuses. Contains 12 references. (VWC)…
(2008). Harmonizing the Interests of Free Speech, Obscenity and Child Pornography on Cyberspace: The New Roles of Parents, Technology and Legislation for Internet Safety. Online Submission, Paper presented at the Oxford Round Table on \The Regulation of Cyberspace: Balancing the Interests\ (Oxford, England, Mar 28, 2008). Incorrect access to Web site addresses and spam e-mails are continuing to make pornography rampant on the Internet at schools, homes and libraries. Collectively, parents, teachers and members of communities must become more aware of the risks and consequences of open access to the Internet, and the distinction between censorship and Internet access filtering. Parental involvement is crucial for raising children with healthy Internet access habits to social and educational materials. Although generations have coped with different times and trials, technology is ushering in new trials. Parents and communities cannot ignore the present and future technology ingrained into the lives of children. This paper contends that, parents armed with legislation and technological security devices for access to the Internet, ought to strengthen the character of online Internet safety. The discussion is focused on the roles parents, communities, technology and laws should play in protecting children… [PDF]
(1995). Beyond the Schoolhouse Gate. Free Speech and the Inculcation of Values. The extent to which public school students deserve First Amendment rights and the values and interests regarding public schooling that should limit student free speech are explored. Eight chapters are entitled: "Pursuing Excellence and Order"; "The Emergence of Children's Rights"; "Free Speech and Public Education"; "A Focused Balancing Alternative"; "Tolerating Student Speech"; "Assisting Student Expression"; "Access to Information and Ideas"; and "A Matter of Degree." The dual pursuits of academic excellence and classroom order often inflame conflicts between students and school officials, and may result in litigation. The public education, children's rights, and free speech literature provide the background for a discussion of the complexities of student free speech issues. The synthesis of this literature and examination of recent court decisions provide a framework for thinking about student free…
(1995). The Impact of Need for Cognition on Thinking about Free Speech Issues. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, v72 n4 p934-47 Win. Notes that past research has shown a large disparity between general support for abstract principles of free speech and willingness to apply those principles in specific situations. Surveys undergraduate students. Shows a smaller tolerance disparity for high "need for cognition" respondents; they are more likely to apply free speech principles in forming opinions in specific issue situations. (SR)…
(1976). The Wobblie's Free Speech Fights: A Case Study in 20th Century Revolutionaries. This paper examines the free speech fights, one of the more revolutionary tactics of the Industrial Workers of the World (I.W.W.), founded in 1905 by a small group of socialists, anarchists, industrial unionists, and dissident trade unionists. Two considerations guide this examination. The first is the rhetorical nature of the free speech fight and the manner in which it advanced the rhetorical program of the I.W.W., including winning the right to use the streets for speech making, confirming the viability of working-class solidarity, and producing greatly needed publicity. The second consideration involves the free speech implications of the tactic, especially the drawing of national attention to the preservation of this basic American right. (JM)…
(1982). SEC-Mandated Disclosure and Corporate Free Speech: A Critical Perspective. Disclosure of information to the investing public is a primary purpose of federal regulation of the securities industry and one of the primary duties and responsibilities of financial public relations practitioners. Disclosure requirements are numerous, with most mandating publicly held corporations to disclose information. Some requirements, however, delineate types of information that may not be disseminated by the corporations. Given recent concern over the application of First Amendment free speech rights to corporations, especially in the wake of the Supreme Court's decision in "First National Bank of Boston et al v. Bellotti," there may be some question as to whether Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) mandated disclosure of information can be interpreted as an infringement on a corporation's right of free speech. An examination of such disclosure requirements and judicial interpretation of corporate free speech from historical and critical perspectives leads to…
(1989). Use of School Facilities by Non-Student Groups: Free Speech and Public Forums. Planning and Changing, v20 n3 p141-48 Fall. Since the "May" and "Gregoire" decisions, school boards must be aware of the courts' change to a more expansive view of free speech. Unless it is clearly a religious service, rite, or ceremony, what was once considered a religious activity (for example, Bible-reading) may now be considered free speech protected by the First Amendment. Includes 19 references. (MLH)…
(1983). Free Speech in the Military: A Status Report. Two recent decisions of the United States Supreme Court have emasculated First Amendment guarantees for military personnel. In the first case, Parker v. Levy, an Army captain urged enlisted Special Forces personnel at his post to refuse to go to Viet Nam, claiming that "Special Forces personnel are liars and thieves and killers of peasants and murderers of women and children." His statements were deemed violative of Articles 133 and 134 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, which provide punishment for conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman and for all disorders and neglects to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the Armed Forces. In rendering its decision, the court reasoned that the historical context and language of the General Articles of the Uniform Code provided "fair notice" that the officer's conduct was punishable. In the second case, Brown v. Glines, a serviceman drafted petitions to several congressmen complaining about grooming… [PDF]
(1983). Nigeria's Sedition Laws–Their Effect on Free Speech. Journalism Quarterly, v60 n1 p54-60 Spr. Reports on the Nigerian Supreme Court's struggles with the problems of interpreting colonial sedition laws while protecting democratic freedoms. (FL)…
(1993). After Hazelwood: Free Speech Constraints and Theatre Programs. Journal of the Association for Communication Administration (JACA), n2 p17-21 Apr. Discusses what drama teachers, directors, and administrators should know about the legal limits of their freedom of expression. Discusses the limitations imposed by the courts on administrative officials regarding their ability to control or regulate what theater students and teachers do. (RS)…
(1981). Attitudes toward Free Speech: Trends, Measurement and Individual Difference Considerations. Although Kent State University was regarded as a symbol of radical protest after four students were killed by Ohio National Guardsmen in 1970, a survey of student opinion toward demonstrations and other kinds of free speech activity taken in 1969, shortly before the shootings, showed that the student body was in fact conservative. Other researchers observed that attitudes toward freedom of speech had grown more restrictive, suggesting that attitudes fluctuate with levels of stress in the social climate: people are less tolerant of freedoms that may endanger an already strained status quo. Based on this assumption, a study was conducted to discover if student attitudes toward freedom of speech at Kent State were more favorable in the more relaxed social climate of 1979. Two hundred thirty-two students in communication courses completed a 34-item questionnaire for measuring freedom of speech attitudes. Twenty-three of these items were taken from the 1969 survey. For 17 of those items,…
(2007). Sentence Repetition as a Measure of Early Grammatical Development in Italian. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, v42 n2 p187-208 Mar. e mean length of utterance in the Sentence Repetition Task grew from approximately two to three words, and the number of omissions of articles, prepositions and modifiers significantly decreased. After 3;0 years old, omissions of free function words practically disappeared. The results of Study 2 showed that mean length of utterance, omission of articles and use of the verbs in the Sentence Repetition Task correlated with the same measures of the free speech. Moreover, positive correlations were found between verbal memory span and performance of both the repetition task and the free speech. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that the repetition test is reliable, discriminates between the different age groups examined, highlights the relevant developmental stages described in the literature, and provides a reliable measure of the mean length of utterance. (Contains 7 tables.)Background: Research on language acquisition and disorders highlights the need to evaluate the early phases of… [Direct]