McLeod, Richard (1969). Dissent and Reaction in Missouri. Wilson Libr Bull, 44, 3, 269-276, 69 Nov. The report of a free speech conflict in Missouri, involving the "Columbia Free Press (renamed "Free Press Underground in Oct. 1967), which led to the ouster of Joan H. Bodger as Consultant to Children's Services of the State Library. (Author/RM)…

Dowling-Sendor, Benjamin (2003). Stop the Presses?. American School Board Journal, v190 n10 p44-46 Oct. A federal case from Wooster, Ohio, illustrates the tension facing school boards and administrators when they deal with student expression. Explains the judge's reasoning about the issues involving First Amendment rights of student editors and the policies and relevant free-speech principles. (MLF)…

Fuchsberg, Gilbert (1989). California Court Upholds an Injunction Barring Community Colleges from Selling Books that Aren't Specifically Required for Courses. Chronicle of Higher Education, v35 n32 pA29,31 Apr 19. Local bookstore owners charge that the selling of best-sellers and trade books unrelated to coursework by community college bookstores violates California's education code. The decision was not based on free-speech grounds but on the language of the state code. (MSE)…

Bittner, Marie (1994). The Constitutionality of Public School Community Service Programs. Clearing House, v68 n2 p115-18 Nov-Dec. Discusses the constitutionality of community service activity as a graduation requirement. Analyzes issues in the \Steirer versus Bethlehem\ case, in particular school district control of the curriculum, the first amendment and free speech, and the 13th amendment and involuntary servitude. (SR)…

(1993). Education Secretary Richard Riley: New Directions. Black Issues in Higher Education, v10 n14 p18-23 Sep 9. An interview with the federal secretary of education, Richard W. Riley, covers the new administrator's policy goals, strategies for educational reform, perceptions of the federal role in education, approaches that differ from previous administrations', solutions for disadvantagement, and attitudes about free speech. (MSE)…

Crewdson, Robert L. (1987). The Equal Access Act of 1984: Congressional and the Free Speech Limits of the Establishment Clause in Public High Schools. Journal of Law and Education, v16 n2 p167-85 Spr. Evaluates Equal Access Act of 1984 (prohibits denial of equal access to political, religious, and philosophical groups in secondary schools with limited open forums). Includes discussion of free speech, establishment clause, and implementation and effect of the act (some states ignore it, some courts uphold it, and there is no indication of how the Supreme Court will view it). (MD)…

Brown, Ralph S. (1986). Can They Sue Me? Liability Risks from Unfavorable Letters of Reference. Academe, v72 n5 p31-32 Sep-Oct. The question of whether someone can be sued for supposedly libelous statements in a solicited letter of recommendation is discussed. Defamation cases are being made harder for plaintiffs to win, since the Supreme Court's recognition that libel cases raise important free speech issues. (MLW)…

Fields, Cheryl M. (1988). Supreme Court Backs Official Who Censored School Newspaper, Skirts Issue at Colleges. Chronicle of Higher Education, v34 n19 pA1,22 Jan 20. High school journalists do not have the same broad First Amendment protection of free speech that adults do, the Supreme Court said in upholding a Missouri high school principal's right to delete articles on divorce and teenage pregnancy from a school-sponsored newspaper. (MLW)…

Adelson, Leslie (1988). History, Literature, and the Composition and Conversation Class. Modern Language Journal, v72 n1 p13-20 Spr. A college professor of German describes an approach to teaching history and literature in a German composition and conversation class, discussing how encouragement of free speech and writing in German enhanced language skills and learning and also appreciation for German history and culture. (CB)…

Kebbel, Gary (1984). The Different Functions of Speech in Defamation and Privacy Cases. Journalism Quarterly, v61 n3 p629-33,743 Aut. Reviews United States Supreme Court decisions since 1900 to show that free speech decisions often rest on the circumstances surrounding the speech. Indicates that freedom of speech wins out over privacy when social or political function but not when personal happiness is the issue….

Rabban, David M. (1983). AAUP in the Courts: The Association's Representation of Faculty Members and Faculty Causes in Appellate Litigation. Academe, v69 n2 p1a-12a Mar-Apr. The American Association of University Professors' (AAUP) expanded participation on behalf of faculty in court litigation is outlined for seven areas: free speech and academic freedom, collective bargaining, use of AAUP standards, financial exigency, governance, employment discrimination, and confidentiality of tenure votes and evaluations. (MSE)…

Ebbinghouse, Carol (1997). Taming the Wicked, Wicked Net: Acceptable Use and the Internet. Searcher, v5 n7 p12,14,16-23,25 Jul-Aug. Considers appropriate use of the Internet versus unacceptable use by employees and library patrons. Topics include appropriate use of resources, creating an acceptable computer use policy, possible outcomes of inappropriate use, free speech versus institutional rights, monitoring and filtering products, and related Web sites. (LRW)…

Wilson, David L. (1995). Senate Approves Measure Making Obscenity on the Internet a Crime. Chronicle of Higher Education, v41 n41 pA19 Jun 23. Many college faculty and students are upset by a Senate measure limiting obscenity on the Internet, feeling it would damage the network and infringe on free speech rights. The current measure seeks to punish individuals distributing items deemed offensive, but generally protects system operators. (MSE)…

Shea, Christopher (1993). The Limits of Speech. Chronicle of Higher Education, v40 n15 pA37-38 Dec 1. Colleges and universities are finding it difficult to mold administrative policy concerning freedom of speech on campus. Even when speech or harassment codes mirror federal guidelines for antidiscrimination policy, controversy is common. Potential infringement on rights to free speech is the central issue. (MSE)…

Singleton, Solveig (1998). Privacy or Freedom on the Internet: What Are the Conflicts between Proposed New Privacy Laws and Freedom of Information?. Update on Law-Related Education, v22 n2 p16-19 Spr-Sum. Addresses issues relating to the Internet and personal privacy. Defines privacy and discusses it in the context of property boundaries, contracts or special relationships, and gossip. Explores clashes between ideals of personal privacy, free speech, and economic freedom in the context of the Internet. (DSK)…

Gehring, Don; Gibbs, Annette (1996). What the Supreme Court Really Said in Rosenburger…Who Knows?. Journal of College Student Development, v37 n1 p3-6 Jan-Feb. Discusses the implications of the Rosenburger case, in which the Supreme Court held that the University of Virginia violated the constitutional free speech rights of students by refusing to subsidize their Christian magazine. Analyzes potential effects on future funding of student organizational activities. (JPS)…

Kaplan, H. Roy (2007). Freedom to Hate: Weighing First Amendment Rights against School Violence–A Case Study. Journal of School Violence, v6 n4 p149-163. River Run High School, located in rural west central Florida, was the site for a case study of student conflict precipitated by the wearing and display of Confederate flags on campus. Following a series of tense student encounters over Confederate and other racist symbols, a conflict resolution team was invited to intervene. Team members created a series of student dialogues involving the principal disputants. Conversations revealed the basis of the conflict emanated from misunderstandings over history, stereotypical views of different ethnic groups, and inadequate lines of communication. While acknowledging the role for creating a climate of respect among students on campus, legal precedents have established students' rights to freedom of speech and expression that protect unpopular ideas. Tension and conflict on campus over free speech can be mitigated through ongoing dialogues among diverse segments of the student population…. [Direct]

Durbo, Alec (1983). Media How-To Notebook. Designed to assist public relations personnel deal effectively with print and non-print media, this booklet contains guidelines for: (1) analyzing an audience and selecting the appropriate media; (2) developing persuasion techniques; (3) writing for public relations; (4) determining newsworthy events; (5) detailed planning; (6) assessing results; (7) creating professional and interesting news releases; (8) organizing a news conference; (9) placing a feature story; (10) placing print, television, or radio features; (11) creating newsworthy events; (12) getting on radio and television via public service or community calendar announcements, free speech messages, editorials/rebuttals, talk shows, news features, or public affairs shows; and (13) communicating through graphics, i.e., brochures, flyers, posters, calendars, newsletters, annual reports, and slide shows. Samples of two news releases, a fact sheet, two public service announcements, and one public opinion free speech message…

LUNSFORD, TERRY F. (1965). THE "FREE SPEECH" CRISES AT BERKELEY, 1964-1965–SOME ISSUES FOR SOCIAL AND LEGAL RESEARCH. AN EXAMINATION WAS MADE OF THE ISSUES AND EVENTS OF THE "FREE SPEECH" CRISES ON THE BERKELEY CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IN AN ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR MORE SYSTEMATIC AND DISPASSIONATE STUDY OF CERTAIN ISSUES BEHIND THE STUDENT PROTESTS, AND TO STIMULATE SOCIAL AND LEGAL RESEARCH ON THESE ISSUES. FOLLOWING AN INTRODUCTION THE AUTHOR PRESENTED A BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS DURING THE 1964-65 ACADEMIC YEAR. HE THEN DEALT WITH THE PROBLEM OF RESTRICTION OF EXPRESSION ON THE BERKELEY CAMPUS. QUESTIONS OF POLICY AND QUESTIONS OF LAW WERE TWO FACETS OF THIS PROBLEM THAT WERE EMPHASIZED. FINALLY, THE AUTHOR DISCUSSED RESEARCH DIRECTIONS AND RAISED FURTHER ISSUES WHICH DERIVE FROM THE TWO BROAD SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS AND SOCIOLEGAL ISSUES. A BIBLIOGRAPHY CONCERNING THE BERKELEY STUDENT PROTESTS WAS ATTACHED TO THE REPORT. (GD)… [PDF]

Deethardt, John F. (1983). Inventing Democracy: Future Alternatives for Social Action. Communication Education, v32 n2 p153-66 Apr. Considers the rational basis for participatory democracy and six ideas designed to embody that conceptual basis. Contends that the mission of speech communication scholars to the civic culture should be an activation of civic competencies and an invention of new places to practice free speech skills. (PD)…

Sendor, Benjamin (1997). Guidance on Graduation Prayer. American School Board Journal, v184 n4 p16,18 Apr. Argues that graduation prayer is unconstitutional because it violates the Establishment Clause, but the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment entitles a valedictorian giving a commencement speech to discuss religion and even to express religious beliefs as the student's own, private beliefs. Summarizes court decisions. (MLF)…

Rorty, Richard (1995). The Demonization of Multiculturalism. Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, n7 p74-75 Spr. Attacks on multiculturalism in higher education as threatening free speech and genuine diversity of opinion have no basis in fact, but they may be expected to continue as the political Right realizes that the American academy is the last defender of the poor and the weak. (SLD)…

Cloud, Robert C. (1993). "Kinsey v Salado ISD": Legal Benchmark for Superintendents and Presidents. West's Education Law Quarterly, v2 n4 p656-64 Oct. The Supreme Court's denial of review in the case of "Kinsey v. Salado ISD" may serve to restrict future free speech and political association rights of top educational administrators. Advises top administrators to avoid public involvement in the election of their board members. (MLF)…

Caudle, Henry L. (2000). Supporting the Cause. Principal Leadership, v1 n2 p38,40-41 Oct. Although Internet filtering is still implemented within the Davenport (Iowa) School District, students' involvement and awareness has helped resolve many components of this dilemma. Filters have been lifted from one computer in each high school's journalism classroom. Free speech requires adult monitoring of students' Internet use. (MLH)… [Direct]

Howard-Hamilton, Mary (2000). Programming for Multicultural Competencies. New Directions for Student Services, n90 p67-78 Sum. Reviews resources for and examples of effective diversity programming and suggests multicultural competencies for program planners and their students. Argues that practitioners must consider multicultural competencies for themselves and their students as well as the issue of free speech. (Contains 20 references and 2 tables.) (Author/GCP)…

Fain, Paul (2008). William and Mary's President Exits on His Own Terms. Chronicle of Higher Education, v54 n24 pA1 Feb. The president and governing board at the College of William and Mary have parted ways in an unusually public split with a deeply partisan undercurrent. Gene R. Nichol says that the Board of Visitors forced him out for defending free speech and diversity on the campus, and that he turned down a generous severance package to go quietly. Board members blame weaknesses in Mr. Nichol's management abilities for his resignation, which came two days after the board informed him that his contract would not be renewed. (The three-year contract was set to expire in June.) Reactions to the departure varied. Hundreds of students and faculty members held a candlelight vigil outside Mr. Nichol's home hours after his resignation was announced. Meanwhile, some alumni and conservative commentators praised the board's action. Mr. Nichol announced his immediate resignation in a remarkably blunt letter sent campuswide and to alumni on February 12. He says he was forced out for several decisions he made… [Direct]

Walker, Samuel (1994). Hate Speech: The History of an American Controversy. Noting that no other country in the world offers protection to offensive speech, this book provides a comprehensive account of the history of the hate speech controversy in the United States. The book examines the issue, from the conflicts over the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920s and American Nazi groups in the 1930s, to the famous Skokie, Illinois episode in 1977-78, and up to and including the college campus culture wars of the 1990s. It argues that the civil rights movement played a central role in developing this country's strong free speech tradition. According to the book, the courts were very concerned about protecting the provocative and even offensive forms of expression by civil rights forces–civil rights groups, therefore, preferred to protect rather than restrict offensive speech, even if it meant protecting racist speech. Chapters in the book are: (1) Hate Speech in American History; (2) Origins of the Hate Speech Issue, 1920-1931; (3) Free Speech for Nazis? Hate Speech as a…

Parry-Giles, Trevor (1988). Stemming the Red Tide: Free Speech and Immigration Policy in the Case of Margaret Randall. Western Journal of Speech Communication, v52 n2 p167-83 Spr. Examines the conflict between the First Amendment and immigration policy and law (particularly the 1952 McCarran-Walter Immigration and Nationality Act), as seen in the case against Margaret Randall (an alien facing deportation from the U.S. because of her pro-leftist writings) by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. (SR)…

Pomerantz, Norleen K. (1993). Dialogue and the Ethic of Responsibility: A New Perspective on Racial Harassment and Free Speech. NASPA Journal, v31 n1 p30-35 Fall. Notes that resurgence of open racism has occurred at institutions of higher education in recent years. Discusses dialog as means for working toward solution to racial conflict. Suggests dialog as alternative to codes and policies to help students develop ethic of responsibility that enables them to understand and accept inherent diversities in themselves and others. (Author/NB)…

Flygare, Thomas J. (1985). Texas Supreme Court Upholds 'No Pass/No Play' Rule. Phi Delta Kappan, v67 n1 p71 Sep. The Texas Supreme Court ruled that students' rights to participate in extracurricular activities were not on the same level as rights to free speech and found that the state law barring failing students from extracurricular activities was rationally related to a legitimate state interest in educational quality. (PGD)…