Taylor, Dalmas A. (1982). Restraints on Dissemination of Research Results. Journal of the Society of Research Administrators, v13 n4 p25-30 Spr. The issue of constraints on the publication of research results is discussed from the perspective of clashing values: free speech versus censorship in protection of national defense. The problems of secrecy as well as of disclosure are examined. Greater conflict between academe and military interests is foreseen. (MSE)…

Wilson, John (1989). Professional Fitness: Wisdom or Witch-hunt?. Westminster Studies in Education, v12 p83-89. States that teacher education institutions must support values of free speech, analytic discussion, and critical analysis. Explores factors that contribute to being a good teacher including personal qualities and moral character. Contends that there is no general agreement on what is required to be a good educator. (NL)…

Mooney, Carolyn J. (1991). Scholars Decry Campus Hostility to Western Culture at a Time When More Nations Embrace Its Values. Chronicle of Higher Education, v37 n20 pA15-16 Jan 30. At a recent meeting of traditionalist and \politically incorrect\ scholars, speakers accused a small but vocal core of academics of allowing their radical anti-Americanism to taint their scholarship and teaching, refusing to question their own assumptions. Increasing restraints on free speech among scholars was also criticized. (MSE)…

Thomas, Guy (1991). Freedom, but with Limits. Update on Law-Related Education, v15 n1 p31-32 Win. Provides a lesson for middle school students, examining the expansion and contraction of civil rights in response to sociopolitical developments. Suggests that students review voting rights extensions and analyze case studies involving students' freedom of speech. Lists topics for student research on a variety of free speech issues. (CH)…

Riley, Gresham (1993). The Cost of Speech Codes. Academe, v79 n4 p26-30 Jul-Aug. It is argued that the arguments currently advanced for limiting speech on college campuses are also arguments that will compromise academic freedom and that a distinction needs to be made between the right of free speech and the wisdom of exercising the right on any given occasion. (MSE)…

Gale, Mary Ellen (1991). On Curbing Racial Speech. Responsive Community: Rights and Responsibilities, v1 n1 p47-61 Win. An alternative interpretation of the First Amendment guarantee of free speech suggests that universities may prohibit and punish direct verbal assaults on specific individuals if the speaker intends to do harm and if a reasonable person would recognize the potential for serious interference with the victim's educational rights. (MSE)…

Fisher, Margaret E. (1998). Restricting Youth Access to Indecency on the Internet. Teaching Strategy. Update on Law-Related Education, v22 n2 p41-45 Spr-Sum. Presents a lesson plan to focus students' attention on the Supreme Court decision that the Communications Decency Act of 1996 violated the First Amendment right to free speech. Includes a background statement, list of objectives, outline of procedures, handout about the case, and a handout with discussion questions. (DSK)…

Dowling-Sendor, Benjamin (2001). A Question of Rights vs. Authority. American School Board Journal, v188 n7 p38-39 Jul. In a case involving parents' claims that a Louisiana district's uniform policy violated their children's 14th Amendment right to free speech, Fifth Circuit Judge Robert Parker sided with the school board. The board's legitimate interests in regulating student behavior outweighed students' legitimate interests concerning clothing choices. (MLH)…

Potter, Trevor (1996). Regulating U.S. Campaign Contributions. Update on Law-Related Education, v20 n3 p26-27 Fall. Presents a concise overview of the complicated web of laws and regulations governing the financing of federal political campaigns. Discusses related issues such as "soft money," and the conflict between restrictive campaign regulations and free speech. Notes that regulation of state elections remains with the states. (MJP)…

Zirkel, Perry A. (2000). Reciprocal Injudiciousness?. Phi Delta Kappan, v82 n4 p333-34 Dec. A mother in rural Illinois who demonstrated against a dress-code policy at a school board meeting by brandishing a toy gun was banned from future school activities and filed suit. Courts upheld the board's policy of imposing reasonable restrictions on time, place, and manner of free speech. (MLH)…

Dowling-Sendor, Benjamin (2002). Who Has the Right To Choose?. American School Board Journal, v189 n4 p52-54 Apr. Describes 6th Circuit Court of Appeals decision in "Cockrel v. Schelby County School District," involving a fifth-grade teacher's claim that she was unlawfully terminated for teaching a unit on the industrial use of hemp, thus violating her First Amendment right of free speech. (PKP)…

Weizer, Paul (2002). Caution! What You Learn Here May Offend You. Thought & Action, v17 n2 p73-82 Win 2001-2002. Explores how, in the 1990s, a new form of censorship emerged in the ever-expanding definition of sexual harassment. Asserts that no greater threat to free speech and individual rights in the university presently exists within the scope of American jurisprudence. Offers cases to support these claims. (EV)…

Mawdsley, Ralph D. (1999). Collegiality as a Factor in Tenure Decisions. Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education, v13 n2 p167-77 Jun. Discusses the role of collegiality in college personnel tenure decisions. No court has held that the use of collegiality in tenure decisions is inappropriate, but judicial conflicts arise as to whether collegiality has been invoked in a manner that is discriminatory or that violates free speech. (Author/SLD)…

Cotton, John; Davidow, Jason; Godinho, Tara; Ingham, Roger J. (2006). The Distribution of Phonated Intervals in the Speech of Individuals Who Stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, v49 n1 p161-171 Feb. Purpose: Previous research has demonstrated the fluency-improving effect of reducing the occurrence of short-duration, phonated intervals (PIs; approximately 30-150 ms) in individuals who stutter, prompting the hypothesis that PIs in these individuals' speech are not distributed normally, particularly in the short PI ranges. It has also been hypothesized that this nonnormal PI distribution will be present during the stutter-free speech of affected persons. Method: A comparison was made between the distributions of PIs during oral reading by adolescent and adult speakers who stuttered (n = 13; 11 males) and by age-and gender-matched, normally fluent control participants. Results: The results did not support these hypotheses. The results showed that although there were significantly fewer PIs in the speech of the speakers who stuttered (probably because of their slower speaking rate), there was no significant difference between the PI distributions of both speaker groups. This was also… [Direct]

Bosmajian, Haig (1974). Freedom of Speech Bibliography: July 1972-June 1973; Articles, Books, and Court Decisions. The materials listed in this bibliography on freedom of speech are limited to those published between July 1972 and June 1973. (Bibliographies for previous years appear in \Free Speech Yearbooks\ of 1970 and 1971.) Articles and court decisions comprise the largest number of items listed, with six books included. (JM)… [PDF]

Daniloff, Nicholas (1978). The Marxist vs. Maryland. Washington Post Magazine, p23-29 Nov 12 1978, 1Nov78. The case of Bertell Ollman, who was denied a University of Maryland department chairmanship and who contends it was due to his Marxist beliefs, is described. Ollman is invoking the Fourteenth Amendment to protect his First Amendment rights to free speech and to hold employment regardless of his political convictions. (LBH)…

Heller, Scott (1986). Appellate Court Upholds Legality of Fees Paid by Non-Union Members at Rutgers U. Chronicle of Higher Education, v33 n15 p13 Dec 10. A U.S. Court of Appeals has upheld significant portions of an arrangement allowing Rutgers University faculty to pay agency fees in lieu of union dues and still be covered by a collective bargaining contract, despite contention that aspects of the agreement violated their constitutional rights to free speech. (MSE)…

Morris, Arval A. (1988). Censoring the School Newspaper. West's Education Law Reporter, v45 n1 p1-17 May 12. In ruling that school officials had not violated students' protection for free speech by censoring a high school newspaper, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the newspaper to be a supervised learning experience for students. Traces the course curriculum theory rationale, implications for college newspapers, and other aspects of censorship. (MLF)…

Rossow, Lawrence F. (1987). Conflicting Directives from Congress and the Courts Put You in the Hot Seat. American School Board Journal, v174 n2 p38-39 Feb. Addresses the question of whether student prayer groups should be allowed to use school facilities. The Equal Access Act allows all noncurricular student groups to meet, whereas four federal appellate court decisions ban prayer groups on the basis that separation between church and state outweighs students' right to free speech. (WTH)…

Trow, Martin (1985). The Threat from Within: Academic Freedom and Negative Evidence. Change, v17 n4 p8-9,61-64 Sep-Oct. A speaker invited to give a university lecture is not merely exercising his or her rights of free speech but comes under the protections of academic freedom, the freedom to teach and to learn and not just to speak. The problem of student heckling of invited speakers is discussed. (MLW)…

Schimmel, David (1973). To Risk on the Side of Freedom. Phi Delta Kappan, 54, 8, 542-545, Apr 73. There are no easy answers in the area of the right of free speech. The academic rights of teachers cannot be affirmed without also recognizing the rights of parents and the responsibilities of administrators. The First Amendment represents a national commitment to risk on the side of freedom. (Author/JN)…

Mock, Kathleen Ranlett (1971). The Potential Activist and His Perception of the University. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 7, 1, 3-13, Feb 71. Viewing political and social attitude variables, the study indicated that personalities of students supporting the Free Speech Movement at Berkeley resembled those of participants in the movement. The role of the psychologist in campus conflicts is introduced, and implications of the potential activist profile for university policy planning are suggested. (BY)…

McMurdo, George (1997). Cyberporn and Communication Decency. Journal of Information Science, v23 n1 p81-90. Discusses the control of pornography on the Internet. Highlights include the Communications Decency Act (CDA); "Time" magazine's article on cyberporn and critiques of it; the unconstitutionality of the CDA under First Amendment protection of free speech; and non-legislative software solutions, including PICS (Platform for Internet Content Selection). (LRW)…

Caplan, Aaron (2002). What Rights Do Youths Have in Cyberspace? Perspectives. Insights on Law & Society, v3 n1 p14-15 Fall. Discusses the issue of free speech for students at school. Focuses on the role of the school when it comes to student freedom of speech on the Internet, when student speech is accessible from school, when the topic is about the schools, or when their speech affects the school. (CMK)…

Dowling-Sendor, Benjamin (2003). School Law: A Question of Equality. American School Board Journal, v190 n2 p46,47,51 Feb. This article discusses the Equal Access Act (EAA) as it pertains to high-school student clubs. It raises basics questions about EAA: What does "equal" mean? What level of access is required? Does the First Amendment's free-speech clause offer broader protection to student clubs than the EAA? (WFA)…

Shute, Brenda; Wheldall, Kevin (1989). Pitch Alterations in British Motherese: Some Preliminary Acoustic Data. Journal of Child Language, v16 n3 p503-12 Oct. Analysis of speech samples from British female adults (N=8) revealed that the subjects increased vocal pitch when addressing young children, but not as much as previously studied North American subjects did. Pitch increases were more commonly observed in free speech than in reading-aloud conditions. (23 references) (Author/CB)…

Yaffe, Elaine (1995). Expensive, Illegal, and Wrong: Sexual Harassment in Our Schools. Phi Delta Kappan, v77 n3 pK1-K16 Nov. Recent studies indicate that sexual harassment in schools is pervasive. Verbal harassment (degrading epithets, comments, and allusions) is most prevalent, but girls are also disturbed by physical manifestations. Harassing behavior affects school atmosphere and students' educational choices. Issues involving cultural diversity, free speech, false accusations, and legal compliance are discussed. (MLH)…

Dodge, Chris (1995). Pushing the Boundaries: Zines and Libraries. Wilson Library Bulletin, v69 n9 p26-30 May. Describes zines (self-published magazines); suggests librarians should regard zines as historical sources of culture and include them in materials selection. Discusses the role of technology in publication and distribution; the audience; cataloging problems; free speech; and zines on the Internet. Sidebars provide information on selected zines and zine distributors. (AEF)…

DeLoughry, Thomas J. (1993). Colleges Try to Devise Policies on Obscenity on Campus Networks. Chronicle of Higher Education, v39 n21 pA27-29 Jan 27. Exchange of obscene materials on college computer networks is raising free-speech issues and concern about public response. Standards of conduct for computer use by faculty, administrators, and students are under consideration on a number of campuses. Legality of the materials and appropriate use of institutional resources are also issues. (MSE)…

Perritt, Henry H., Jr. (1992). Tort Liability, the First Amendment, Equal Access, and Commercialization of Electronic Networks. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy, v2 n3 p29-44 Fall. Discusses the legal concerns of free access to information, tort liability, and free speech in a commercial electronic networking environment. Recommends that legal questions be addressed through case law, Congressional hearings, and agency solicitations, and that network service providers protect themselves by posting notice of equal access status. (13 references) (EA)…