Ross, Jeffrey A. (2001). Fighting Hate on Campus: A Primer for Administrators. The Bulletin, v69 n2 p10-15,32-33 Mar. Asserting that college administrators can take a proactive role when dealing with hate, discusses ways that they can prevent hate from spreading. Addresses: bigotry and intergroup strife, motivation behind acts of hate, alcohol and hate's correlation, free speech and university speech codes, possible responses to specific acts, and short-, medium-, and long-term solutions. (EV)…

Schimmel, David (1996). Discrimination against Religious Viewpoints Prohibited in Public Colleges and Universities: An Analysis of "Rosenberger v The University of Virginia.". West's Education Law Quarterly, v5 n1 p52-68 Jan. "Rosenberger" prohibits public colleges and universities from discriminating against religious viewpoints in their allocation of student activities funds that are equally available to other groups. The Supreme Court decision also extends the range of facilities equally available to student religious organizations for free-speech activities beyond classroom space and auditoriums. (83 footnotes) (MLF)…

Boyd, Stephen M.; Vessels, Gordon G. (1996). Public and Constitutional Support for Character Education. NASSP Bulletin, v80 n579 p55-62 Apr. Character education thrives on an informed understanding of constitutional principles and an inclusive commitment-building process. U.S. Supreme Court opinions that clarify public school students' free speech rights have established values education as a constitutionally acceptable practice. Challenges might lie in possible violations of the First Amendment's establishment and free exercise clauses. (31 references)…

Mock, Karen R. (1998). Update '98. Canadian Social Studies, v32 n4 p116 Sum. Updates cases and issues previously discussed in this regular column on human rights in Canada, including racism and anti-Semitism, laws on hate crimes, hate sites on the World Wide Web, the use of the "free speech" defense by hate groups, and legal challenges to antiracist groups by individuals criticized by them. (DSK)…

Doty, Philip (2001). Digital Privacy: Toward a New Politics and Discursive Practice. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology (ARIST), v35 p115-245. Discussion of privacy focuses on digital environments and a more inclusive understanding of privacy. Highlights include legal and policy conceptions; legislation protecting privacy; relevant Supreme Court cases; torts and privacy; European and other efforts; surveillance and social control; information entrepreneurialism; Jurgen Habermas; free speech; gendered perspectives; and privacy as property. (Contains 339 references.) (LRW)…

Friendly, Fred W. (1975). The Good Guys, the Bad Guys and the First Amendment: Free Speech vs. Fairness in Broadcasting. This book, an account of the "Red Lion" Supreme Court case and similar cases that arose after that decision, discusses the implications and problems inherent in enforcing the Federal Communications Commission's "Fairness Doctrine." After a detailed chronicle of the Red Lion case, the book relates applications of the Fairness Doctrine to commercial announcements, presidential use of television, and network distortion of the news. The book emphasizes that, in many of the cases and issues, it is difficult "to tell the good guys from the bad guys." (RL)…

Brydolf, Carol (2007). Minding MySpace: Balancing the Benefits and Risks of Students' Online Social Networks. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, v73 n2 p4-8 Oct. As principal of the School of the Arts in San Francisco, Donn Harris is passionate about protecting his students' experiments in free expression. But about two years ago he encountered an example of creative student speech he couldn't support–a nasty post on the MySpace.com Web site that targeted some of the school's students. Deciding that his devotion to free speech had to take a back seat to his responsibility as a school administrator, Harris promptly suspended the responsible student and asked that the page be pulled off the Web. He called a school assembly to discuss the offensive MySpace page and asked students who had signed on as \friends\ of the site to apologize for the cruel statements they had endorsed. This article describes how Harris' dilemma is becoming increasingly common among schools across the country. Ideas on how educators can protect inexperienced social networkers are presented…. [Direct]

Splitt, David A. (1987). School Law. Executive Educator, v9 n11 p12,30 Nov. Forecasts no major surprises during the U.S. Supreme Court's 1987-88 term. Like the "Edwards v. Aguillard" ruling against Louisiana's creation science law, upcoming decisions concerning religious issues (controversial textbooks and moments of silence) and free speech (language use and controversial subject matter in student publications) will probably uphold existing school policies. (MLH)…

Sendor, Benjamin (1988). This Ruling Ushers Religion into a School Auditorium. American School Board Journal, v175 n6 p20 Jun. A Pennsylvania case shows that once a school auditorium becomes a designated public forum, the free speech clause of the First Amendment requires the board to allow other similarly situated outsiders (including religious groups) to use the facilities for expressive activity. Another Pennsylvania case involving dual employment upheld a teacher's discharge from a city police department. (MLH)…

Norris, Pippa; Ranade, Wendy (1984). Democratic Consensus and the Young: A Cross-National Comparison of Britain and America. Youth and Society, v15 n4 p429-43 Jun. One hundred ninety-nine American and 204 British university students were surveyed. They shared similar, strongly positive attitudes towards democratic "rules of the game," such as free speech, the role of law, and equality. But Americans showed a greater trust of government and a stronger sense of being able to affect the political process. (KH)…

Peace, A. Graham (1997). Academia, Censorship, and the Internet. Journal of Information Ethics, v6 n2 p35-47 Fall. The availability of objectionable material on the Internet creates a conflict between the rights of computer users and universities. This article examines free speech and censorship; highlights responses by Carnegie Mellon University, University of Oklahoma, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and University of Pittsburgh; and proposes a framework for analyzing university responses to information content. (PEN)…

Shade, Leslie Regan (1997). The Santa Rosa Case: Women-Only Forums on the Internet and the First Amendment. Journal of Information Ethics, v6 n2 p48-63 Fall. Provides an overview of a case at Santa Rosa Junior College in which the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights found that single sex Internet bulletin boards operated by educational institutions receiving federal financial assistance violate federal sex equity law. Discusses free speech, sexual harassment and women only forums, and ethics and community norms. (PEN)…

Payne, Ron (1997). The V-Chip–Victory or Vendetta?. Contemporary Education, v68 n2 p114-17 Win. Parents can install the v-chip microchip in their televisions to block out programs high in violence, sex, or other objectional material. Examines the views of supporters, who see it as a coping tool for the information age and of detractors who see it as an affront to the First Amendment guarantee of free speech. (SM)…

Ugland, Erik Forde (1996). Hawkers, Thieves and Lonely Pamphleteers: Distributing Publications in the University Marketplace. Journal of College and University Law, v22 n4 p935-70 Spr. Issues that college administrators must address in forming policy about publications to be distributed on campus are considered, and the important parties and their interests are identified. Constitutional and practical problems created by restrictions on distribution are also examined. Finally, newspaper theft, a recently emerging campus problem, is considered in the context of free speech policy. (MSE)…

Leatherman, Courtney (1997). Supreme Court Declines To Hear Appeal Over College's Harassment Policy. Chronicle of Higher Education, v43 n29 pA14 Mar 28. The U.S. Supreme Court has refused to hear a case that might guide colleges in resolving conflict between campus policies on sexual harassment and free-speech rights. The case involved San Bernardino College (California) and a tenured professor whose explicit classroom discussions college officials felt constituted sexual harassment. An appeals court had ruled unanimously against the college. (MSE)…

Hiers, Richard H. (2002). Institutional Academic Freedom vs. Faculty Academic Freedom in Public Colleges and Universities: A Dubious Dichotomy. Journal of College and University Law, v29 n1 p35-109. Analyzes the origins of recent federal appellate decisions' divergence from the Supreme Court's identification of teachers' or faculty's academic freedom as "a special concern of the First Amendment." Suggests ways in which academic freedom might better be accorded its rightful importance within the framework of current Supreme Court First Amendment public employee free speech jurisprudence. (EV)…

Elliott, A. Raymond (1995). Field Independence/Dependence, Hemispheric Specialization, and Attitude in Relation to Pronunciation Accuracy in Spanish as a Foreign Language. Modern Language Journal, v79 n3 p356-71 Aut. Sixty-six college students enrolled in an intermediate Spanish course were measured on 12 variables believed to be related to pronunciation accuracy. Variables that related most to pronunciation accuracy included individual concern for pronunciation, subject's degree of field independence, and subject's degree of right hemispheric specialization in relation to accurate pronunciation on a free-speech exercise. (49 references) (MDM)…

Minsky, Leonard (1992). The Politics of Political Correctness. Educational Record, p19-20 Win. This article reacts to President Bush's entry into the dispute over "political correctness" on college campuses. The paper summarizes discussions of students, faculty, and others in the Washington, D.C. area which concluded that this seeming defense of free speech is actually an attack on affirmative action and multiculturalism stemming from the nation's economic problems. (DB)…

Laramee, William A. (1991). Racism, Group Defamation, and Freedom of Speech on Campus. NASPA Journal, v29 n1 p55-62 Fall. Examines racism on college campuses. Discusses group defamation and freedom of speech within that context. Concludes in this period of racial unrest and conflict, a reappraisal is in order of delicate balance between protection from group and class defamation on the one hand and free speech on other, using law as an important base from which to work. (ABL)…

Sorenson, Gail Paulus (1991). The "Public Forum Doctrine" and Its Application in School and College Cases. Journal of Law and Education, v20 n4 p445-71 Fall. Explains "forum analysis" and analyzes its application in a sample of free speech cases and assesses its application in a limited range of relevant cases. Contains a selective listing of 38 public-forum cases relevant to schools or colleges. Concludes that education needs a new, more speech protective restatement of the public-forum doctrine. (95 references) (MLF)…

Zirkel, Perry A. (1998). Boring or Bunkum?. Phi Delta Kappan, v79 n10 p791-92 Jun. Discusses an unsuccessful lawsuit brought by Margaret Boring, an acclaimed high school drama teacher in Buncombe County, North Carolina. She was transferred to a middle school for allegedly violating the school's "controversial materials" policy after students performed an expurgated version of Lee Blessing's "Independence." Judges disagreed over free-speech precedents. (10 references) (MLH)…

Herrington, TyAnna K. (1998). The Interdependency of Fair Use and the First Amendment. Computers and Composition, v15 n2 p125-43. Argues that First Amendment rights are not possible without the grant of public access to information provided by the doctrine of fair use. Notes that, with digitalization and electronic transfer, many corporate intellectual-property lawyers are pressuring for tightening public access. Argues that educators must understand that the existence of fair use is necessary lifeblood to free speech. (SR)…

Downs, Donald Alexander (2006). Freedom of Speech Wins in Wisconsin. Academic Questions, v19 n3 p50-62 Jun. One might derive, from the eradication of a particularly heinous speech code, some encouragement that all is not lost in the culture wars. A core of dedicated scholars, working from within, made it obvious, to all but the most radical left, that imposing social justice by restricting thought and expression was a recipe for tyranny. Donald Alexander Downs recounts the happy discovery by his Committee for Academic Freedom and Rights, as it campaigned for free speech, that traditional liberalism enjoyed broad, if latent, support, even in the progressive academic community of Wisconsin in 1999. (Contains 24 notes.)… [Direct]

Goddard, Connie (2008). H8 @ Skul: Cyber World Bullying. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, v73 n7 p4-9 Mar. The cover of a \Chicago Tribune Magazine\ says it all about the most recent manifestation of an ancient phenomenon–bullying. The article represents two trends that present new challenges to counselors, teachers, and administrators — especially in middle and junior high schools: Girls are bullying more than ever before and it's gone electronic. \It's possible,\ wrote Jessica Reaves, the \Tribune\ article's author, that girls \are simply responding, superficially, to a less generous, faster-paced, more cutthroat society\ by behaving more like–or worse than–boys. Girls who are being bullied \totally lose their focus,\ said Barbara Kalina, who taught 7th grade for three decades. \Boys are more physical and overt. It's a self-esteem thing.\ Kalina knows from experience what anthropologists know from research: males in most cultures (human or otherwise) bully others as a means of establishing a hierarchy. School officials nevertheless feel a certain obligation to minimize–or at least… [Direct]

Rondal, Jean A.; And Others (1987). Age-Relation, Reliability and Grammatical Validity of Measures of Utterance Length. Journal of Child Language, v14 n3 p433-46 Oct. Analysis of the free speech of one- to three-year-olds (N=21) found that measures of mean length of utterance (MLU) are positively related to age, are reliable, and can predict grammatical development, although there are identifiable points in the developmental evolution of MLU and MLU-like indices beyond which their reliability and validity have serious problems. (Author/CB)…

Luna, Gene (1987). Regulating Commercial Speech in Public College and University Residence Halls: Revisiting the Case of American Future Systems, Inc. Journal of College and University Student Housing, v17 n2 p17-19 Win. Considers the right to free speech guaranteed in the first amendment to the United States Constitution and discusses categories of public property and the standards of regulation applied to each in terms of freedom of speech. Reviews two court cases involving American Future Systems, Inc., a private corporation which sells cookware, silverware, china, and crystal primarily to college students. (NB)…

White, Charles S. (1988). Teaching About the Constitution. Social Education, v52 n1 p58,61-62 Jan. Reviews "The U.S. Constitution Then and Now," a two-unit program using the integrated database and word processing capabilities of AppleWorks. For grades 7-12, the units simulate the constitutional convention and the principles of free speech and privacy. Concludes that with adequate time, the program can provide a potentially powerful array of learning experiences for students. (GEA)…

Starr, Isidore (1987). The Five Great Ideas of Our Constitution. Update on Law-Related Education, v11 n1 p3-5,48-49 Win. Identifies five great ideas of the U.S. Constitution as power, liberty, justice, equality, and property. The first of two installments, article focuses on how ideas of power and liberty are presented in the Constitution. It also discusses how people may exercise power through voting and public protest and liberty through their First Amendment rights to free speech and press. (JDH)…

Benson, Thomas W. (1996). Rhetoric, Civility, and Community: Political Debate on Computer Bulletin Boards. Communication Quarterly, v44 n3 p359-78 Sum. Indicates that political debates on computer bulletin boards (primarily USENET) are characterized by aggressiveness, angry assertion, insult, and the attempt to humiliate opponents; but that they also display a high degree of formal regularity and are robust exercises in free speech, virtuosic in argument and language, and rare opportunities for participation in a political forum of widely divergent views. (SR)…

Kipp, Katherine; Pope, Steffen (1997). The Development of Cognitive Inhibition in Streams-of-Consciousness and Directed Speech. Cognitive Development, v12 n2 p239-60 Apr-Jun. Examined development of ability to inhibit thoughts within free speech by manipulating the content requirements of overt streams-of-consciousness. Investigation with kindergartners, second graders, fifth graders, and adults revealed a developmental improvement in inhibitory ability over the middle-childhood years; results are consistent with interpretation that developmental improvements in cognitive inhibition contribute to developmental improvements in cognitive function. (EV)…