(2017). "We Bring Thee Our Laurels Whatever They May Be": A Concise History of Morgan State College Student-Led Protest. ProQuest LLC, Ph.D. Dissertation, Morgan State University. Black students were major contributors in the fight for equality and civil rights. By the mid-1930s black college students were members of the "National Student League and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Youth and College division. These black colleges were places primed for a youth movement to develop. These campuses provided a ready-made army of students willing to march, protest, sit-in and in some instances die for the equality of all Americans. Most Americans, black and white, are aware of the student-led protest at the Woolworth's led by North Carolina Agriculture and Technical College students, the Free Speech Movement at University of California-Berkeley and the anti-war (Vietnam) protests at Kent State in Ohio. However, many Americans are unaware of the student-led protests prior to 1960 involving students from Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). This dissertation is a study of the various generations of student… [Direct]
(2007). Regulating Student Created Websites: Free Speech in Cyberspace. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, v2 n1 Jan-Jun. This article examines the application of First Amendment principles to web sites that were created by students. Schools sometimes attempt to regulate the speech of students on such web sites by imposing disciplinary sanctions on the students who create the sites. The ability of schools to take such action depends on the interplay of a variety of factors, including the location at which web site was created (on or off campus), whether the web site was disseminated on campus, the extent to which the site caused disruption at the school, and the nature of the expression on the website. The article discusses the applicable case law and concludes with some practical guidelines that can be applied by school administrators who find that they are considering disciplinary action against students with regard to student created web sites…. [PDF]
(2013). Violent Video Games and the Supreme Court: Lessons for the Scientific Community in the Wake of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association. American Psychologist, v68 n2 p57-74 Feb-Mar. In June 2011 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that video games enjoy full free speech protections and that the regulation of violent game sales to minors is unconstitutional. The Supreme Court also referred to psychological research on violent video games as "unpersuasive" and noted that such research contains many methodological flaws. Recent reviews in many scholarly journals have come to similar conclusions, although much debate continues. Given past statements by the American Psychological Association linking video game and media violence with aggression, the Supreme Court ruling, particularly its critique of the science, is likely to be shocking and disappointing to some psychologists. One possible outcome is that the psychological community may increase the conclusiveness of their statements linking violent games to harm as a form of defensive reaction. However, in this article the author argues that the psychological community would be better served by reflecting on this… [Direct]
(2010). Cross-Cultural Collisions in Cyberspace: Case Studies of International Legal Issues for Educators Working in Globally Networked Learning Environments. E-Learning and Digital Media, v7 n2 p147-159. This article explores some of the legal and law-related challenges educators face in designing, implementing, and sustaining globally networked learning environments (GNLEs) in the context of conflicting international laws on intellectual property and censorship/free speech. By discussing cases and areas involving such legal issues, the article makes visible some of the issues educators may want to consider as they design courses and curricula. First, using the Pakistani-US case of "Axact v. Student Network Resources", the author examines issues of authorship and the related issues of copyright law and plagiarism. The author then addresses questions, moral rights, and authorship using the French case of "Turner v. Huston". Next, the author explores issues of free speech/censorship and defamation as they have arisen globally in the blogosphere. The author describes several specific instances where such issues have resulted in legal consequences for the digital… [Direct]
(2011). Isolated Words Enhance Statistical Language Learning in Infancy. Developmental Science, v14 n6 p1323-1329 Nov. Infants are adept at tracking statistical regularities to identify word boundaries in pause-free speech. However, researchers have questioned the relevance of statistical learning mechanisms to language acquisition, since previous studies have used simplified artificial languages that ignore the variability of real language input. The experiments reported here embraced a key dimension of variability in infant-directed speech. English-learning infants (8-10 months) listened briefly to natural Italian speech that contained either fluent speech only or a combination of fluent speech and single-word utterances. Listening times revealed successful learning of the statistical properties of target words only when words appeared both in fluent speech and in isolation; brief exposure to fluent speech alone was not sufficient to facilitate detection of the words' statistical properties. This investigation suggests that statistical learning mechanisms actually benefit from variability in… [Direct]
(2011). Phonological Processes in the Speech of Jordanian Arabic Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate. Communication Disorders Quarterly, v32 n4 p247-255 Aug. The controlled and free speech of 15 Jordanian male and female children with cleft lip and/or palate was analyzed to account for the different phonological processes exhibited. Study participants were divided into three main age groups, 4 years 2 months to 4 years 7 months, 5 years 3 months to 5 years 6 months, and 6 years 4 months to 6 years 6 months, with bilateral or unilateral cleft lip and/or palate. Based on a productivity scale of a 20% or higher occurrence, results indicated the use of five productive processes: consonants backing, lateralization, depharyngealization, stopping, and final consonant deletion. Other phonological processes–for example, strident deletion, consonant harmony, fronting, syllable reduction, devoicing, liquid gliding, and deaffrication–did not reach the 20% or higher productivity scale. Age correlated significantly with the phonological processes, with the youngest group exhibiting these processes more than the other two groups did. There was no… [Direct]
(2013). Application of EBP Guidelines to Treatment Planning for an Adolescent Who Stutters. EBP Briefs. Volume 7, Issue 6. EBP Briefs (Evidence-based Practice Briefs) Clinical Question: Would an adolescent who stutters (P) exhibit long-term improvement in stuttering management from fluency shaping approaches (I) or speech modification techniques (C), as shown by increases in controlled and spontaneous fluency, reduced severity of moments of stuttering, and decreased negative impact of stuttering (O)? Method: Evidence-based practice process guidelines (Cordes, 1998; Pietranton, 2006). Study Sources: Electronic search of relevant ASHA journals ("Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"; "American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"; "Language, Speech, Hearing Services in Schools"), "Journal of Fluency Disorders" and "Journal of Communication Disorders"); electronic search of Science Direct; hand search of clinical textbooks devoted to stuttering treatment. Search Terms: stuttering, fluency, adolescents, treatment, therapy, intervention Primary Results: There are more published studies,… [PDF]
(2008). Beer, Free Speech, and Barriers to Interstate Commerce: A Case of Imported Beer. Journal of Legal Studies Education, v25 n2 p307-342 Sum-Fall. In the twenty-first century, differences in the treatment of trade in alcoholic beverages in comparison to other commercial goods seem at odds with the federal regulation of interstate trade under the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, which prohibits "differential treatment of in-state and out-of-state economic interests that benefits the former and burdens the latter," and with the promotion of e-commerce generally. Because the Internet made it easier, for wineries particularly, to sell to out-of-state consumers, there have been several attempts by wineries and their customers to challenge the anticompetitive barriers erected by states to e-commerce in alcoholic beverages. In answer, states have generally argued that they are permitted to treat alcohol differently from other goods under the power granted to them by the Twenty-First Amendment to regulate trade in alcoholic beverages. This article presents a real case, concerning an entrepreneur's attempt to… [Direct]
(2008). Imagining the Future: Cultivating Civility in a Field of Discontent. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, v40 n2 p10-17 Mar-Apr. One of the most influential presidents of the University of California, Clark Kerr, was fired in 1966 shortly after convincing the Regents to lift the ban on political demonstrations on UC campuses. Despite numerous Supreme Court decisions articulating broad protections for free speech that include public college and university campuses, the battle Kerr fought on behalf of free speech and academic freedom continues to this day. In this article, the author discusses how the University of California, Irvine, with support from the Difficult Dialogues program, has launched a wide-ranging, multidisciplinary initiative, "Imagining the Future," aimed at fostering religious, ethnic, and political tolerance, despite an increasingly politicized campus since 9/11. (Contains 2 online resources and 4 resources.)… [Direct]
(2011). On Students' Rights, an "Originalist" Stands Firm. Education Week, v31 n8 p1, 20-21 Oct. The author reports on how U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas' opinions in youths'-rights cases reflect his "originalist" thinking. Justice Thomas, 63, marks two decades on the court Oct. 23, and a hallmark of his tenure is his willingness to carve out a solitary stance on certain issues. Particularly in cases involving schools and the rights of children, he has issued sharp dissents from some of the rulings of his liberal colleagues, and concurrences that go further to the right than even some of his fellow conservatives. Justice Thomas is not always isolated in his views. In the eyes of some legal observers, he has gained an influential place on the largely conservative court of Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. An August article in "The New Yorker" said that "in several of the most important areas of constitutional law, Thomas has emerged as an intellectual leader" of the court, specifically in the areas of gun rights and in the free speech of… [Direct]
(2010). Better Enforcement of Online Copyright Would Help, Not Harm, Consumers. Information Technology and Innovation Foundation Legislation introduced in Congress last month (the \Combating Online Infringement and Counterfeits Act\) would take an aggressive and needed stand against online piracy, a growing problem that hurts American consumers and costs Americans jobs. Critics of the legislation argue that this bill would hurt free speech, encourage censorship in foreign countries, and cripple the technological infrastructure on which the Internet runs. Not only is this criticism unfounded, but more robust enforcement of digital copyrights would likely lead to a stronger Internet ecosystem and more innovative content and services for consumers. This paper does the following: discusses the problem of digital piracy; provides an overview of the \Combating Online Infringement and Counterfeits Act; provides a response to the critics of the legislation; and explains what's really behind these criticisms. (Contains 13 endnotes.)… [PDF]
(1973). Free Speech Yearbook: 1972. This book is a collection of essays on free speech issues and attitudes, compiled by the Commission on Freedom of Speech of the Speech Communication Association. Four articles focus on freedom of speech in classroom situations as follows: a philosophic view of teaching free speech, effects of a course on free speech on student attitudes, historical essentials of teaching free speech, and two opposing views on teacher attitudes on free speech in the communications classroom. Subjects of other essays are: the judicial process in relation to freedom of speech; freedom of speech in ancient Athens; a case in which the American Civil Liberties Union sought limitations on freedom of speech; the opposing philosophies of Thomas Hobbes and John Stuart Mill; the rhetoric of intimidation in Indiana during World War I; and Supreme Court decisions relating to the First Amendment during its 1971-1972 term. The book ends with an extensive bibliography of articles, books, and court decisions… [PDF]
(1982). Free Speech Yearbook 1981. Free Speech Yearbook, v20. The nine articles in this collection deal with theoretical and practical freedom of speech issues. Topics discussed include the following: (1) freedom of expression in Thailand and India; (2) metaphors and analogues in several landmark free speech cases; (3) Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas's views of the First Amendment; (4) the San Francisco, California, campaign for Gay rights; (5) academic freedom and the pornographic film "Deep Throat"; (6) Alexander Solzhenitsyn's approach to free expression; and (7) Supreme Court rulings in 1980-81 concerning free speech. A freedom of speech bibliography concludes the volume. (HTH)…
(1970). Free Speech Yearbook: 1970. This book is a collection of syllabi, attitude surveys, and essays relating to free-speech issues, compiled by the Committee on Freedom of Seech of the Speech Communication Association. The collection begins with a rationale for the inclusion of a course on free speech in the college curriculum. Three syllabi with bibliographies present guides for courses on the social influence of speech, intellectual freedom and censorship, and freedom and responsibilities of speech. The results of two surveys of student attitudes about free-speech issues are reported. The essays are concerned with current symbolic behavior such as free expression, government control of information, haircuts and school expulsion, and Supreme Court decisions in the 1969-70 term relatin to the First Amendment. The book ends with a bibliography of articles, books, and court decisions on free speech from July 1969 to June 1970. (RN)… [PDF]
(1978). Free Speech Yearbook 1977. The eleven articles in this collection explore various aspects of freedom of speech. Topics include the lack of knowledge on the part of many judges regarding the complex act of communication; the legislatures and free speech in colonial Connecticut and Rhode Island; contributions of sixteenth century Anabaptist heretics to First Amendment freedoms; the current state of parliamentary members' right to free speech weighed against the Parliamentary body's right to retain confidential information; Spinoza's ideas on freedom of thought and speech; implications for freedom of speech of Herbert Marcuse's theory of freedom; the Supreme Court and the First Amendment, 1976-1977; minority ownership of broadcast stations; the Labadie free-speech collection, the largest such collection in the United States; and a computer-assisted content analysis of the decisions of Justice William O. Douglas on the issues of obscenity and pornography. The volume concludes with a bibliography of materials…